Hunting and raising livestock are associated with meat-related attitudes, norms and frequent consumption: implications for dietary guidance to rural residents

PurposeMeat consumption is higher than health recommendations, but little is known about potential moderating factors in rural areas. Informed by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this paper explored potential moderators amongst rural residents.Design/methodology/approach The authors summarized meat-related attitudes (importance, taste preference, healthfulness perceptions), social norms, controls (availability, affordability, self-efficacy) and frequency of consumption (overall, lean meat, wild game) in a cross-sectional survey of rural, adult, US volunteers (n = 572). The authors examined correlations and differences by gender, connection to hunting and to livestock raising.Findings These rural residents had positive attitudes toward meat, high family expectations to consume meat and daily consumption. Half of the meat consumed was lean but was infrequently wild game. Respondents with connections to hunting or raising livestock reported more positive meat-related attitudes, norms and self-efficacy, and more frequent meat consumption. Those with a connection to hunting also had higher perceived availability, affordability and consumption of wild game.Research limitations/implications Strong meat preferences and expectations may hamper moderation amongst rural residents, particularly in households connected to hunting or raising livestock. Dietary advice can be tailored to respect meat consumption, emphasize the identification and selection of lean meats and highlight wild game as a lean meat that is moderately available and affordable. Future research should disentangle hunting and livestock raising as potential factors in food choice and examine wild game consumption in jurisdictions where it can be sold legally.Originality/value This study was novel in examining meat-related practices amongst rural residents, separately examining lean meats and wild game, and identifying hunting and livestock raising as important predictors.

Challenges for recovery of large carnivores in humanized countries: attitudes and knowledge of sheep farmers towards brown bear in Western Pyrenees, Spain

During 2017, we studied knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes towards brown bears by extensive mountain sheep farmers in the Western Pyrenees, using a structured questionnaire, specifically, whether the scarce bear presence, or the administrative region, was influential. Livestock raising practices are mainly family properties and have suffered a strong decline in the last decades. Despite its low abundance (only 2 bear individuals during the study period in the area), there was a generalized negative attitude towards the presence of bears. Farmers considered bear presence as incompatible with sheep mountain herding. One third of them have experienced bear damages, although this was not the main difficulty for the viability of farming practices. They were able to change husbandry practices after wildlife and dog’s damages, increasing vigilance, hiring shepherds, and using livestock guarding dogs, whose work is perceived as satisfactory. Farmers considered that information available about bear and compensation systems for damages was insufficient, and should be improved.

SISTEM AGRIBISNIS INTEGRASI PADI KERBAU DAN POLA PEMELIHARAAN KERBAU DI KECAMATAN PAMPANGAN SUMATERA SELATAN

<p><em>Th</em><em>is study aimed </em><em>to determine and analyze the integrated rice-buffalo agribusiness system and to describe the pattern of buffalo raising in Pampangan District. This research was conducted in Pampangan District in July 2020. This research is a survey that took 30 samples purposively. Primary and secondary data obtained from the field survey were tabulated and analyzed descriptively-qualitatively. The integrated rice-buffalo agribusiness system in Pampangan District consists of the upstream subsystem, namely the provision of production facilities for rice-buffalo integration activities, the farming subsystem in the form of rice cultivation and livestock raising, the downstream subsystem, namely post-harvest and management of rice-buffalo waste used for organic fertilizer and silage. The supporting subsystem is that farmers have joined G</em><em>apoktan</em><em> and have received training from BPTP on making compost. </em><em>R</em><em>aising buffalo in Pampangan District is still traditional, which is almost entirely relying on nature. The buffaloes are released in the morning and put back in the afternoon, allowed to eat the feed in the grazing environment</em><em>. In contrast, </em><em>for the health of the buffalo, it is still done as necessary and not as intensive</em><em>.</em><em> The profit-sharing system between the owner and the custodian is known as the half system. The results of buffalo livestock production are obtained from the sale of buffalo and from the processing of buffalo milk production into sugar, sagon, curd or cow oil</em><em> (a popular local term in Pampangan Sub-district)</em><em>.</em></p>

Biodiversity-friendly agricultural practices in the Indigenous Agricultural Systems in the Biodiversity Corridor of the Alto Paraná Atlantic Forest (Paraguay)

Agricultural systems result of the coevolution between social and natural systems, where biodiversity and natural resources play an important role, emerging interactions between crops and the natural environment that allow the development of ecological processes which interact with external inputs. This research aims to describe the agricultural practices developed by the Guarani Indigenous People in the agricultural systems located within the biodiversity corridor of the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest. This exploratory study is focused on multiple cases, with a qualitative approach and data were collected during 2017 and 2018 in eleven indigenous communities. The main practices developed for the management of biodiversity are polyculture, rotation, and embroideries; they also practice agroforestry and livestock-raising. The main difficulty they face is the reduction of the surrounding biodiversity, which affects the sustainability of the system. This study shows ways for nature-based solutions and ecosystem-based adaptation according to current needs for greening the economy.

THE FARMERS MOTIVATION IN BALI COW CULTIVATION AT PARIGI OF MUNA DISTRICT

Farmer's motivation is essential for developing livestock farming businesses, especially theBali cattle business in Sub-district Parigi, Muna Regency. This study aimed to determine themaintenance system and motivation for raising Bali cattle in Sub-district Parigi, MunaRegency. The course's location was determined intentionally (purposive sampling) that isSub-district Parigi based on the consideration that it had the highest population of Bali cattleamong the other sub-districts in Muna, which was 6,338 individuals. The determination ofbreeders as respondents was carried out randomly in Parigi, Warambe, Kolasa, andWasolangka. Each village was taken as many as 15 respondents, so that a total of 60 people.This study's variables were livestock raising systems, breeding motivation, includingeconomic stimulus, social status motivation, environmental motivation, and productionmotivation. The results showed that the raising system of Bali cattle in Sub-district Parigi wascommonly conducted by using traditional or extensive (46.7%) methods. The highestmotivation for raising Bali cattle in Parigi District was economic motivation (70%), whileother reasons such as environment, production, and social status were medium and lowmotivation categories.

Pre-Weaning Growth of Criollo Tropical Milking Calves fed with Milk from Silvopastoral Systems

Objective: Tropical Milking Calf (LT) growth and milk consumption and chemical composition were analyzed in two shepherding systems. Methodology: 26 LT cows were used in rotational shepherding in monoculture (PRM) and intensive silvopastoral system (SSPi). Cows were milked by hand once per day in the morning with the presence of the calf, which consumed milk from one nipple. Live weight (PV), daily weight gain (GDP), milk consumption (CL) by the calf and the chemical composition of the milk were studied. Results: PV was greater at 198 days in SSPi (p ? 0.05) with 142.6 ± 3.31 kg, and one GDP that outweighed the PRM (p ? 0.05) in 80 g per day-1. There were no differences in CL (p > 0.05). Non-fatty solids, protein, lactose and total solids were greater (p ? 0.05) for SSPi with 8.1 ± 0.07, 3.0 ± 0.02, 4.5 ± 0.04 and 12.1 ± 0.21 %, respectively; although fat was similar (3.7 and 3.3 %, p > 0.05) in both systems. Implication: The chemical composition of milk should be assessed from the nutritional perspective for the calf and the more appropriate techniques for its measurement should be implemented. Conclusions: PV and GDP were greater in SSPi than in PRM due to the chemical composition and not the amount of ingested milk. The chemical composition of milk affected the pre-weaning growth of calves. The tropical milking race and SSPi are an alternative for tropical livestock raising in warm weathers.

Calculation of the basic salary and key provisions of the methodology of determining the total costs for the technical service of machines and equipment in livestock

The most important provisions of the methodology for calculating the basic wages of personnel of repair and maintenance departments and organizations operating in the livestock subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex are presented. The main points of the methodology for calculating the total costs of maintenance and repairs for machines and equipment of livestock farms and complexes are given in relation to the conditions and peculiarities of accounting and planning of repair and maintenance work in livestock raising. An example of practical calculation of costs for various types of maintenance and repair of a widely used domestic milking installation is considered.

Some indices of metabolism in young cows suffering from ketosis

The key sector that ensures the country’s food security is a comprehensive enhancement of livestock raising, including animal husbandry. The intensification of dairy production leads to increased metabolic stress in animals. Under such conditions, any technological failure can result in a disorder of the metabolism in cows and the development of metabolic diseases, including ketosis (acetonemia). Ketone bodies in the calf’s body produce an intoxicating effect on its body. The purpose of the study was to analyze the metabolism of young animals (calves) from cows with ketosis. The studies were performed on two groups of newborn young black-and-white breeds. In the biochemical assay of blood, the indicators of protein metabolism (total protein, albumins, globulins), glucose, acetone (ketone) bodies, triglycerides were considered, which were fulfilled on the selected young animals at the age of 3, 10 and 15 days. It was revealed that the condition of the metabolic processes in the body of young cows with ketosis differs considerably from the studied indicators of the metabolism of young cows of healthy cattle. By the 15th day of life, the following indicators were found in the blood of young cows with ketosis: total protein-56.3±2.7 g / l, albumins-57.40±4.14%, betta-globulins-20.59±5.84%, gamma-globulins-11.42±1.66 %, triglycerides-0.44±0.02 mmol/l, acetone bodies-1.26 ±0.06 mmol/l, glucose-5.54±0.25 mmol/l. Conclusion: the calves with metabolic pathology are born from cows with ketosis. It is characterized by dysproteinemia, a high content of ketones and a lower concentration of triglycerides in the blood comparing to the similar animals born from healthy cows.