Extreme Response Prediction of Steel Risers Using a Four Parameter Distribution

Short-term extreme response estimates are required in many areas of ocean and offshore engineering, such as steel risers design. As in many cases, the response in non-Gaussian, a theoretical solution, is usually not readily available for this purpose. Hermite transformation and Weibull-based models, among others, are some alternatives that have been used in connection with sampled response time series. In this work, a new approach is investigated. Recently, a four-parameter distribution known as the shifted generalized lognormal distribution (SGLD) has been presented in the literature. One of its main advantages is that it covers regions of skewness–kurtosis not covered by other distributions of common use in engineering. In this paper, the performance of this distribution is evaluated in the extreme values' estimation of the utilization ratios of steel riser sections. Three alternatives for using SGLD are investigated in two case studies of different dynamic behavior. The first one is a steel-lazy wave riser (SLWR) connected to a turret-moored FPSO (floating, production, storage and offloading unit) in 914 m water depth, and the second is a SLWR connected to a spread-mooring FPSO in a water depth of 1400 m. The results obtained by the SGLD-based analysis, which considered several simulation lengths, are compared to those obtained by means of an extreme value distribution fitted to episodical extremes obtained from many distinct realizations. The results of a traditional Weibull-fitting approach to the response peaks and those obtained with a Hermite transformation-based model are also presented for comparison.

Extreme Response Prediction of Steel Risers Using a Four Parameter Distribution

Recently, a four-parameter distribution known as the shifted generalized lognormal distribution (SGLD) has been presented in the literature. One of its main advantages is that it covers regions of skewness-kurtosis not covered by other distributions of common use in engineering. In this paper, the performance of this distribution is evaluated in the extreme values’ estimation of the utilization ratios of steel riser sections. Three alternatives for using SGLD are investigated in two case studies of different dynamic behavior. The first one is a SLWR (steel-lazy wave riser) connected to a turret-moored FPSO in 914m water depth, and the second is a SLWR connected to a spread-mooring FPSO in a water depth of 1400m. The results obtained by the SGLD-based analysis, which considered several simulation lengths, are compared to those obtained by means of an extreme value distribution fitted to episodical extremes obtained from many distinct realizations. The results of a traditional Weibull-fitting approach to the response peaks and those obtained with and Hermite transformation-based model are also presented for comparison.

Exact Solutions for the Wick-Type Stochastic Schamel-Korteweg-de Vries Equation

We consider the Wick-type stochastic Schamel-Korteweg-de Vries equation with variable coefficients in this paper. With the aid of symbolic computation and Hermite transformation, by employing the (G′/G,1/G)-expansion method, we derive the new exact travelling wave solutions, which include hyperbolic and trigonometric solutions for the considered equations.

Variable separation solutions of the Wick-type stochastic Broer–Kaup system

With the help of Hermite transformation, we obtain variable separation solutions of the Wick-type stochastic Broer–Kaup system in the white noise environment. These variable separation solutions are more general than travelling solutions reported in the literature. To illustrate the novelty of variable separation solutions, we present some localized structures with chaotic behaviors.

Exact solutions of Wick-type stochastic Korteweg – de Vries equation

An algorithm is devised for using the compatibility method to find symmetries and similarity reductions of Wick-type stochastic partial differential equations. To illustrate the validity and advantages of the devised algorithm, the Wick-type stochastic Korteweg – de Vries equation is considered. With the aid of Hermite transformation and white noise theory, we obtain a symmetry and corresponding reduction of the Wick-type stochastic Korteweg – de Vries equation. Furthermore, some new similarity solutions are obtained including Jacobi elliptic function solutions, hyperbolic function solutions, and trigonometric function solutions.

PolyAlign: A Versatile LC-MS Data Alignment Tool for Landmark-Selected and -Automated Use

We present a versatile user-friendly software tool, PolyAlign, for the alignment of multiple LC-MS signal maps with the option of manual landmark setting or automated alignment. One of the spectral images is selected as a reference map, and after manually setting the landmarks, the program warps the images using either polynomial or Hermite transformation. The software provides an option for automated landmark finding. The software includes a very fast zoom-in function synchronized between the images, which facilitate detecting correspondences between the adjacent images. Such an interactive visual process enables the analyst to decide when the alignment is satisfactory and to correct known irregularities. We demonstrate that the software provides significant improvements in the alignment of LC-MALDI data, with 10–15 landmark pairs, and it is also applicable to correcting electrospray LC-MS data. The results with practical data show substantial improvement in peak alignment compared to MZmine, which was among the best analysis packages in a recent assessment. The PolyAlign software is freely available and easily accessible as an integrated component of the popular MZmine software, and also as a simpler stand-alone Perl implementation to preview data and apply landmark directed polynomial transformation.

Assessment of Full-Scale Measurements With Regard to Extreme Hogging and Sagging Condition of Container Ships

In the design of a vessel’s ultimate strength the extreme hogging condition is of great concern. Due to special properties of container ship structures, such as large bow flare and overhanging stern, wave-induced slamming makes the ship responses more skewed to sagging conditions. In particular in large sea states, the ratio between maximum sagging and hogging can be quite high. Hence, the sagging condition might be very crucial with respect to a ship’s ultimate strength. In this study, the extreme response caused by hogging and sagging is derived from upcrossing spectrums of ship responses. The Weibull fitting method and Rice’s formula for the computation of the upcrossing spectrum are discussed using full-scale measurements from a container vessel on the North Atlantic trade. The extreme ship responses are therefore predicted using the long-term upcrossing spectrum. In the case where the ship response can be approximately treated as a series of stationary Gaussian processes, the corresponding upcrossings are computed by the explicit Rice’s formula. For the non-Gaussian ship response, it is shown that the 4-moment Hermite transformation is an efficient approach to compute the corresponding upcrossing spectrums. The parameters in the transformation mainly depend on the wave environments and operation profiles. The relations between these parameters and the wave environments are needed if no measurement is available. However, according to the full-scale measurements, it is not possible to find general formulas to estimate the parameters in terms of wave environments or operation profiles for the practical applications.