Color confinement and Bose-Einstein condensation

We propose a unified description of two important phenomena: color confinement in large-N gauge theory, and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). We focus on the confinement/deconfinement transition characterized by the increase of the entropy from N0 to N2, which persists in the weak coupling region. Indistinguishability associated with the symmetry group — SU(N) or O(N) in gauge theory, and SN permutations in the system of identical bosons — is crucial for the formation of the condensed (confined) phase. We relate standard criteria, based on off-diagonal long range order (ODLRO) for BEC and the Polyakov loop for gauge theory. The constant offset of the distribution of the phases of the Polyakov loop corresponds to ODLRO, and gives the order parameter for the partially-(de)confined phase at finite coupling. We demonstrate this explicitly for several quantum mechanical systems (i.e., theories at small or zero spatial volume) at weak coupling, and argue that this mechanism extends to large volume and/or strong coupling. This viewpoint may have implications for confinement at finite N, and for quantum gravity via gauge/gravity duality.

RECOMMENDATIONS ON INTEGRATED APPLICATION OF DOPPLER RADAR SYSTEMS OF EXTERNAL TRACTORY MEASUREMENTS IN THE MOBILE TESTING GROUND MEASURING AND COMPUTING COMPLEX

Testing ground measuring and computing complex (TGMCC) is a set of interconnected hardware and software designed to perform measurements and processing of measuring information to determine the tactical and technical characteristics of objects in different conditions of their application, objective evaluation of test results of armament and military equipment (AME). For radar measurements of trajectory parameters of moving objects, mobile and stationary radar stations of trajectory measurements are used, including Doppler radar systems of external trajectory measurements. Such radar stations of trajectory measurements are one of the components of TGMCC. They are designed to measure, process and record the parameters of the trajectories of moving objects in a given spatial volume with a given accuracy and reliability during testing of a wide range of new and upgraded samples of AME, as well as perform measurements along with optoelectronic stations of trajectory measurements, or they could be used separately from them. Therefore, currently there is a problem of creation of mobile testing ground measuring and computing complex which consists in its equipping by modern means of external trajectory measurements, both domestic and foreign. Thus, the proposed recommendations for the integrated application of Doppler radar systems of external trajectory measurements as a part of a mobile testing ground measuring and computing complex will allow to conduct testing and certification of armament and military equipment offered for supply to the Armed Forces of Ukraine more efficiently and with increased quality.

Effect of conservation of spatial volume on electromagnetism

This essay presents an alternate mechanism for electromagnetism and provides arguments supporting new concepts of this phenomenon. Electricity and magnetism are defined and influenced by the electric permittivity ε o and magnetic permeability μ o physical constants of the vacuum. This essay's concepts are predicated on the notion that the free-space vacuum appears to be composed of an energy field with characteristics of an elastic medium termed the “spatial energy field” or SEF. It is proposed that the geometric volume of the SEF requires conservation, and this is achieved via stretching or compression of space exhibiting wavelike qualities. The SEF, representing spacetime, has specific properties related to the emergence of an electrical field force via the Poynting vector. Magnetic field force appears to emanate from the SEF based on the Lorentz force. Space (SEF) appears to mediate energy fields, such as electrical and magnetic fields, and provides a framework for the transmission of electromagnetic waves in addition to momentum-gravitational waves. Conservation of spatial volume influences these phenomena.

An adaptable technique for comparative image assessment: Application to crosswell electromagnetic survey design for fluid monitoring

Reservoir integrity stewardship accompanying carbon capture and sequestration considers fluid extraction and reinjection as a risk-mitigating method against overpressuring that could lead to caprock damage and ensuing [Formula: see text] leakage. Crosswell electromagnetics offers a technically viable monitoring method with the spatial volume coverage necessary for reservoir-encompassing pressure management. However, a certain logistic dilemma for deep gas sequestration into saline and thus electrically conductive aquifers is that crosswell magnetic-field measurements underperform in the imaging of more resistive plume bodies, further exacerbated when vertical arrays intersect, as opposed to surround, plumes. Comparative synthetic-data plume imaging of such scenarios rates the information content of magnetic-field versus electric-field 3D crosswell layouts for reservoir and infrastructure conditions of a representative pilot site in a coastal area in Florida. The image quality of the resulting plume replications can be ranked numerically through a newly proposed semblance qualifier, appraising the model goodness of fit to a given reference. In contrast to common least-squares measures for goodness of fit, the semblance formulation uses classifying logistic function types, thus enabling a better distinction of predefined anomaly features.

Research on Changes of Spatial Structure Genotype of a Former Artillerymen’ Military Town of Kaunas Fortress

Immovable cultural heritage creates a background for sustainable cultural development of cities. As a cultural artefact, it appears in two-fold situation in the above-mentioned context. Firstly, the continuity of the valuable features as carriers of cultural content should be preserved. Secondly, the possibility of the evolution (functional, spatial or social) of the object should be assured. Now the valuable features of the immovable cultural heritage are described in a static, quantitative ways with focus on phenotype, e.g. spatial volume, place, details of architectural style, number and places of windows, etc. Such type of description without any argumentations is practically closing any possibilities for further evolution of the protected objects. It is especially true if we speak about urban valuable structures. The authors of the article present a proposal for dynamic, genotype oriented modelling of the possible evolution of the former military town of Kaunas Fortress as an example of immovable urban cultural heritage. The model is based on the evaluation of changes in the cognition of urban structure with presentation of complex numerical values. Research included the following parts: historical urban development analysis of heritage territory, current state analysis, investigation and modelling of territory spatial structure genotypic changes. The results of the presentation demonstrate the limitations and subjectivity of the present system of description of valuable features of the objects of immovable cultural heritage and present the possible way for the improvement of the situation.

Effect of conservation of spatial volume on electromagnetic particle refraction and diffraction interference patterns

This essay presents an alternate theory for the mechanism of electromagnetic refraction and diffraction interference patterns and provides arguments in support of new concepts for these phenomena. These concepts are predicated on the idea that free-space appears to be composed of an energy field with characteristics of an elastic medium that the author termed “spatial energy field” or SEF. It is proposed that the geometric volume of space requires conservation, and this is achieved via stretching or compression of space while exhibiting elastic and wavelike qualities. The SEF, representing spacetime, has specific properties that appear to lead to the emergence of electromagnetic refraction and diffraction. It is proposed that the conservation of spatial volume affects the outcome of particle refraction and diffraction interference patterns. A mechanism for refraction is explained by higher density spacetime (SEF) near atomic nuclei reducing the apparent velocity of transmitted photons. For diffraction, momentum guiding “pilot waves” of spacetime (SEF) is presented as the mechanism for production and redirection of minima and maxima interference patterns of particles.

PENGEMBANGAN TEKTONIKA FASHION ARCHITECTURE MANTEL

Market competition and the demands of the Indonesian fashion world, encourage the tailors of Kampung Baru to involve educational institutions to provide new academic and technical insights on fashion architecture in order to increase the usability and product image that results. Therefore a study was arranged to stimulate the participation of new village tailors to produce fashion architecture tectonics on coat designs. This knowledge can open up a new horizon of tailors in seeing clothing as a form of space. Using research techniques in community engagement activities has the potential to insert experiments in daily activities of the community by increasing the knowledge and skills of tailors. This research is a qualitative research with an action research approach, developing knowledge based on specific problems in the form of the ability of new village tailors who are stagnant in the replication of conventional techniques. The moulage technique in fashion is combined with the collage technique in the field of architecture to produce a three-dimensional volume on the coat that is the mainstay of the collection. The two techniques are combined with loosely bounded details, combining hand and machine creations so that clothing can respond to body movements. The end result is a fashion with volumetric character, built on integrated layers while showing flexibility and fluidity when the wearer moves. Architectural knowledge in this study is not implemented as conventional science but is a modification of the spatial in the form of clothing. Although the final prototype is in physical form of clothing; the concepts, methods and development of tectonics combine two sciences, namely fashion architecture. The strength of the tailor is focused on the seams of the layers of clothing that make up the spatial volume and detail of the design so that it is recognized as a characteristicABSTRAK:Kompetisi pasar dan tuntutan dunia mode Indonesia, mendorong penjahit Kampung Baru untuk melibatkan institusi pendidikan untuk memberikan wawasan akademik dan teknik baru pada fashion architecture agar dapat meningkatkan nilai guna dan citra produk yang hasilkan. Maka dari itu sebuah penelitian disusun untuk menstimulasi partisipasi penjahit kampung baru untuk menghasilkan tektonika fashion architecture pada desain mantel. Pengetahuan ini dapat membuka cakrawala baru kelompok penjahit dalam melihat pakaian sebagai salah satu bentuk keruangan. Menggunakan teknik penelitian dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berpotensi menyisipkan percobaan pada kegiatan harian masyarakat dengan meningkatkan wawasan dan keterampilan penjahit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan action research, mengembangkan pengetahuan berdasarkan masalah spesifik berupa kemampuan penjahit kampung baru yang stagnan pada replikasi teknik konvensional. Teknik moulage pada fashion dikombinasikan dengan teknik collage di bidang arsitektur untuk menghasilkan volume tiga dimensional pada mantel yang menjadi andalan koleksi. Kedua teknik disatukan dengan detail loosely bounded, mengkombinasikan kreasi tangan dan mesin agar pakaian dapat merespon pergerakan tubuh. Hasil akhir berupa fashion yang berkarakter volumetrik, dibangun atas layer-layer yang terintegrasi sementara menunjukkan fleksibilitas dan fluiditas saat pemakainya bergerak. Pengetahuan arsitektur pada penelitian ini tidak diimplementasikan sebagai ilmu konvensional namun modifikasi keruangan dalam bentuk pakaian. Meskipun prototipe akhir berbentuk fisik pakaian; konsep, metode, dan pengembangan tektonika mengkombinasi dua keilmuan yakni fashion architecture. Kekuatan penjahit difokuskan pada jahitan terhadap lapisan pakaian yang membentuk volume keruangan dan detail pada desain sehingga dikenali sebagai ciri khas.

Effect of conservation of spatial volume on momentum, time, and speed of light

This essay considers that free-space appears to be composed of an energy field with characteristics of an elastic medium evenly dispersed across the Cosmos in an optimal high state of entropy. This spatial energy field or SEF has properties that may explain inertia and gravity. Linear and angular momentum appear to emerge from these properties. SEF is stretched and compressed in the presence of mass. In addition, compression of space by high inertial events slows the flow of time, similar to gravitational time dilation. This is presented as a new concept and called inertial time dilation. Also, it is proposed that the speed of light c is an intrinsic self-imposed limit due to characteristics of space (SEF) as exemplified by the physical constants ε o and μ o representing electric permittivity and magnetic permeability.

Colloidal Liquid Crystals Confined to Synthetic Tactoids

When a liquid crystal forming particles are confined to a spatial volume with dimensions comparable to that of their own size, they face a complex trade-off between their global tendency to align and the local constraints imposed by the boundary conditions. This interplay may lead to a non-trivial orientational patterns that strongly depend on the geometry of the confining volume. This novel regime of liquid crystalline behavior can be probed with colloidal particles that are macro-aggregates of biomolecules. Here we study director fields of filamentous fd-viruses in quasi-2D lens-shaped chambers that mimic the shape of tactoids, the nematic droplets that form during isotropic-nematic phase separation. By varying the size and aspect ratio of the chambers we force these particles into confinements that vary from circular to extremely spindle-like shapes and observe the director field using fluorescence microscopy. In the resulting phase diagram, next to configurations predicted earlier for 3D tactoids, we find a number of novel configurations. Using Monte Carlo Simulations, we show that these novel states are metastable, yet long-lived. Their multiplicity can be explained by the co-existence of multiple dynamic relaxation pathways leading to the final stable states.

Volumising

Layering is operative as part of the processes of mental image formation discussed in this chapter too, but rather than drawing upon the relationship with the onscreen images, now there is nothing to see but blankness. When any trace of visual or representational images is removed entirely from the screen, it is the richness of the soundscape or voice-over that pervades, as the blank screen becomes the sole visual accompaniment for the formation of mental images and the configuration of mental space. This chapter introduces the relation between sound volume and spatial volume that underpins its argument by first considering an example from film curator Matt Hulse’s ‘Audible Picture Show’ (2003 onwards). It then attends to two blank screen films from different ends of the twentieth century, Walter Ruttmann’s Weekend (1930) and Derek Jarman’s Blue (1993). The chapter tests the mimetic account of mental image formation in the absence of the perceived images that served as the support of the imagined images of the previous chapter. It explores how mental space is configured and changed in Weekend, and how a poetic approach to verbal expression in Blue adds figurative imagery to the mimetic account of mental picturing.