Linaria subbaetica (Plantaginaceae), a new species from the south of the Iberian Peninsula

Linaria subbaetica, a new species from the south of the Iberian Peninsula, is here described, illustrated, and compared with its morphologically closest relatives from L. sect. Supinae: L. badalii, L. caesia, and L. supina. The species is characterised by being annual, and having usually revolute leaves, a short and corymbiform inflorescence at anthesis with a pilose-glandulose axis, a white to pale-yellow corolla (yellow to orangish palate), bearing a spur equalling to slightly longer that the rest of the corolla, and black seeds with a tuberculate and papillose disc surface and a thickened wing. L. subbaetica is an endemic species, growing on calcareous mountains, in the Sierras Subbéticas Natural Park, Córdoba province (Andalusia, Spain).

DIONYSIA SPLENDENS (PRIMULACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM THE FARS PROVINCE OF IRAN

Dionysia splendens Alipour, Mehregan & Lidén, sp. nov., from Fars, Iran, is a unique species that cannot be easily accommodated in any hitherto recognised section of the genus and is immediately recognised by its large flowers and pectinate leaves with very broad pale and thick midvein. It agrees with Dionysia cespitosa Duby (Boiss.) in the small flat leaves, stalked inflorescence with large bracts, and few large ellipsoid seeds, but differs in the tubular calyx and large purplish-blue corolla. It is also somewhat reminiscent of Dionysia viva Lidén & Zetterl. in growth habit and inflorescence structure, but that species has large irregularly dentate leaves, yellow corolla and numerous small angular seeds. Dionysia splendens is so far known from a single locality with c.200 mature individuals. An updated key to Dionysia species in the Zagros mountains is provided.

Morphological and Microscopical Characteristics of Oxalis corniculata L.

Morphological and microscopical characteristics of “Chua me dat hoa vang” collected in Ha Tinh province were studied. Results have identified the scientific name of the plant as Oxalis corniculata L. (family Oxalidaceae). Besides, the morphological characteristics and powder microscopy of leaf and stem of Oxalis corniculata L. species were established. Morphological characteristics of leaf and stem are pale yellow corolla, slightly pointed bracts and cube calcium oxalate crystals scattered in the soft tissue of the leaf. characteristics of herbal powder are twisted vascular grafts, hairs unicellular. Keywords Oxalis corniculata, Oxalis corniculata L., Oxalis, Oxalidaceae, morphological characteristics, microscopical characteristics. References [1] D.H. Bich, D.Q. Chung, B.X. Chuong, N.T. Dong, D.T. Dam, P.V. Hien, V.N. Lo, P.D. Mai, P.K. Man, D.T. Nhu, N. Tap, T. Toan, Medicinal plants and animals in Vietnam, Volume I, Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi, 2004. (in Vietnamese)[2] M. Ibrahim, I. Hussain, M. Imran, N. Hussain, A. Hussain, T. Mahboob, Corniculatin A, a new flavonoidal glucoside from Oxalis corniculata, Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 23(4) (2013) 630-634. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102- https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102695X2013005000059.[3] K.C. Oberlander, E. Emshwiller, D.U. Bellstedt, L.L. Dreyer, A model of bulb evolution in the eudicot genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae), Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51(1) (2009) 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.022.[4] J. Zietsman, L.L. Dreyer, B. Jansen, V. Vuuren, Genetic differentiation in Oxalis (Oxalidaceae): A tale of rarity and abundance in the Cape Floristic Region, South African Journal of Botany, 75(1) (2009) 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.06.003[5] L.D. Bich, Good folk remedies, Ethnic Culture Publishing House, Hanoi, 2000 (in Vietnamese).[6] L.D. Bich, T.V. On, Botany, Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, 2007 (in Vietnamese).[7] D.T. Loi, Vietnamese medicinal plants and herbs, Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, 2005 (in Vietnamese).[8] N.V. Than, Laboratory of Medicinal Materials by microscopic method, Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi, 2003 (in Vietnamese).

True UV color vision in a butterfly with two UV opsins

ABSTRACTTrue color vision in animals is achieved when wavelength discrimination occurs based on chromatic content of the stimuli, regardless of intensity. In order to successfully discriminate between multiple wavelengths, animals must use at least two photoreceptor types with different spectral sensitivity peaks.Heliconius butterflies have duplicate UV opsin genes, which encode two kinds of photoreceptors with peak sensitivities in the ultraviolet and violet, respectively. In H. erato, the ultraviolet photoreceptor is only expressed in females.Evidence from intracellular recordings suggests female H. erato may be able to discriminate between UV wavelengths, however, this has yet to be tested experimentally.Using an arena with a controlled light setting, we tested the ability of H. erato, and two species lacking the violet receptor, H. melpomene and outgroup Eueides isabella, to discriminate between two ultraviolet wavelengths, 380 and 390 nm, as well as two blue wavelengths, 400 and 436 nm, after being trained to associate each stimulus with a food reward. Wavelength stimuli were presented in varying intensities to rule out brightness as a cue.We found that H. erato females were the only butterflies capable of color vision in the UV range; the other butterflies had an intensity-dependent preference for UV stimuli. Across species, both sexes showed color vision in the blue-range.Models of H. erato color vision suggest that females have an advantage over males in discriminating the inner UV-yellow corolla of Psiguria pollen flowers from the surrounding outer orange petals, while previous models (McCulloch et al. 2017) suggested that H. erato males have an advantage over females in discriminating Heliconius 3-hyroxykynurenine (3-OHK) yellow wing coloration from non-3-OHK yellow wing coloration found in mimics.These results provide some of the first behavioral evidence for UV color discrimination in Heliconius females in the context of foraging, lending support to the hypothesis (Briscoe et al. 2010) that the duplicated UV opsin genes function together in UV color vision. Taken together, the sexually dimorphic visual system of H. erato appears to have been shaped by both sexual selection and sex-specific natural selection.

Kalanchoe ×hankeyi [= K. longiflora × K. sexangularis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new nothospecies from South Africa

In southern Africa, two species of Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248), K. longiflora Schlechter ex Wood (1903: plate 320) (Figure 1A) and K. sexangularis Brown (1913: 120) (Figure 1B), are extensively grown as groundcovers or accent plants. Both species thrive in open beds as well as in containers and have gained horticultural prominence, especially as result of their ability to flourish on little irrigation during times of drought. Kalanchoe sexangularis has bright red leaves when grown in exposed positions, while in similar positions K. longiflora has orange-infused, turquoise-coloured leaves. Vegetatively both species are of low to medium growth with plants reaching a height of about 0.5 m. When flowering maturity approaches, the central axis elongates significantly into flat-topped, thyrsoid inflorescences that overtop the pseudo-rosettes. The flowers of both K. longiflora (Smith & Figueiredo 2017) and K. sexangularis (Figueiredo et al. 2016) have bright yellowish green corolla tubes and golden yellow corolla lobes.

KARAKTERISASI MORFOLOGI DAUN DAN BUNGA BEBERAPA VARIETAS Hoya coronaria DARI KAWASAN HUTAN KERANGAS AIR ANYIR, BANGKA

Hoya coronaria was found in Heath Forest Air Anyir, Bangka in various flower color. Characterization based on morphological characteristics need to clear up the differences between varieties. This research aims to observe morphological variation of six varieties of H. coronaria from Heath Forest Air Anyir, Bangka based on morphology vegetative and flower morphology. The descriptive method was used to describe the morphological character. Determination of color based on Munsell Color Chart for Plant Tissues. The six samples of different varieties was used which has different flower color as follow respectively: yellow corolla with pink corona (var1); yellow corolla with white corona (var2); yellow corolla with pink honey line and pink corona (var3); pink corolla with pink honey line and pink corona (var4); pink corolla with pink honey line and white corona (var5); and white corolla with white corona (var6). The six varieties have different characteristic of vegetative and flower part both on qualitative and quantitative measurement. The cluster analyses resulted two sister groups. The first group (group A) consisted of var3, var4, var5, and var6, and the second group (group B) consisted of var1 and var2. Groups A was consisted of two smaller groups, namely group C and group D. Group C consisted of var3, var4 and var5, while group D consisted of var6

Two new species of Billolivia (Gesneriaceae) with yellow flowers from Vietnam

Billolivia citrina and B. yenhoae are described as new species of Gesneriaceae from Central Vietnam. They are the first taxa of the genus known to have yellow corolla lobes. A key to all eleven species of the genus is given.

Ruellia anamariae, a new species of Acanthaceae from northern Brazil

Ruellia anamariae, a new species of Acanthaceae is herein described and illustrated from the municipalities of Parauapebas and São Geraldo do Araguaia, Pará State, Brazil. The new species is recognized by its habit, a shrub up to 5 meters high, by its terminal thyrsus inflorescence, by its greenish-yellow corolla with the expanded portion of the tube suburceolate, strongly revolute lobes and shortly exserted stamens. It is also morphologically similar to Ruellia exserta, but differs by its habit, a shrub (not liana), inflorescence, thyrsus with opposite dichasia (not secundiflorous thyrsus) and short exserted stamens (not long exserted), and to Ruellia beckii differing by its habit, a shrub (not liana) end calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate with acute apex (not oblanceolate to obovate with retuse to obtuse apex). We provide a detailed description, illustrations, comments, data on distribution and habitat and conservation status of the species.

Mucuna laticifera, a new species from north-eastern India

Mucuna laticifera, a new species of Fabaceae from Sikkim state of India is described and illustrated here. It can be distinguished from its closely related species by the presence of a watery latex, uniformly green to pale yellow corolla, glabrous standard and wings and parallel pod margins.

A new species ofScutellaria(Scutellarioideae, Lamiaceae) from Sichuan Province in southwest China

Scutellaria wuana, a new species discovered from a xeric valley in Muli County of Sichuan Province in southwest China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, the new species shares similarities withS. mairei, but can be readily distinguished by a suite of morphological characters including a white-pubescent erect stem, conspicuous leaf petioles, and a yellow corolla with a trapeziform lower-middle lip lobe. The habitat and distribution ofS. wuanaare also distinctive. The position of the new species withinScutellariais examined in a phylogenetic context using the nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacers. Additionally, we examine leaf epidermal and pollen grain micromorphology of the new species and putative relatives.