Role of immigrants and muzzle contacts in the uptake of a novel food by wild vervet monkeys

The entry into and uptake of information in social groups is critical for behavioural adaptation by long-lived species in rapidly changing environments. We exposed five groups of wild vervet monkeys to a novel food to investigate innovation of processing and consuming it. We observed whether dispersing males could introduce this innovation into groups and compare uptake between groups. We report that immigrant males innovated in two groups, and an infant innovated in one group. In two other groups, immigrant males imported the innovation from another group. Uptake of the novel food was fastest in groups where immigrant males ate first and younger individuals were most likely to acquire the novel food. We also investigated the role of muzzle contact behaviour in information seeking around the novel food. Muzzle contacts decreased in frequency over repeated exposures to the novel food, were targeted towards knowledgeable adults the most, and juveniles and naïve individuals initiated the most. Knowledgeable adult males were targeted but rarely initiated muzzle contacts, whereas knowledgeable adult females were targeted and initiated them, emphasising an adult sex difference in seeking social information. We highlight the potential of immigrants as vectors of information, enabling rapid behavioural adaptation and population level culture.

It’s Yet Another Thing: Barriers to and Recommendations for Physician Referrals to Home-Based Palliative Care

To understand primary care providers’ (PCPs) experiences with referring patients to home-based palliative care (HBPC), we conducted individual, key-informant interviews with 31 PCPs. About half participants were male (54.8%), White (42.5%), US-born (58.1%), and were 57 years old (SD=9.17), on average. About one-third of participants (32.3%) indicated they refer 10+ patients annually to HBPC, while most (80.7%) reported “strong” comfort discussing palliative care with patients. Qualitative analysis revealed three prominent thematic categories, each related to barriers PCP experienced when referring patients to palliative care: (1) PCP-level (lack of knowledge and comfort); (2) perceived patient-level (culture, family disagreement, need, home-based aspect); and (3) HBPC program-level (need to close the loop with PCP, insurance coverage, program availability, and eligibility). PCP recommendations for overcoming identified barriers will be discussed. Findings hold important implications for timely patient-referrals to palliative care by PCPs and for sustaining palliative programs that rely on these referrals.

The Emergence of Cultural Attractors: How Dynamic Populations of Learners Achieve Collective Cognitive Alignment

Cultural attractor landscapes describe the time-evolution of cultural variants (i.e. behaviors, artifacts) over successive transmission events. Because cultural attractors are emergent products of dynamic populations of \textit{cognitive} landscapes, which are in turn emergent products of individual experience within a culture, stable cultural attractor landscapes cannot be taken for granted. Yet, little is known about how cultural attractors form, change, or stabilize. We present an agent-based model of cultural attractor dynamics, which adapts a cognitive model of unsupervised category learning to a multi-agent sociocultural setting wherein individual learners provide the training input to each other. We highlight three interesting behaviors exhibited by our model that are not accounted for in other models of cultural evolution: First, we find that some noise is beneficial to stabilizing cognitive alignment. Second, we find that long learning times may destabilize and limit the complexity of cultural repertoires, while critical or sensitive periods of learning enhance stability. Third, we find that larger populations develop less complex, but more stable patterns of alignment, and that this effect can be moderated by network structure. These results suggest that additional complexity may be needed in models of cultural evolution to adequately understand how human-level culture develops.

Social Network Analysis (SNA) on #Kristengray Hashtag: Understanding Gentrification Side Effects Behind the Digital Nomad Phenomenon

Indonesia is one of the destinations countries for digital nomads in South East Asia. Digital Nomad can be described by the person who combining work and leisure activities, without geographical border. The digital nomad lifestyle is becoming trends after an American tourist, Kristen Gray becoming viral on the Twitter Platform, she promoting Bali as a heaven for the digital nomad because of the low cost of living and cultural openness by selling eBook and open consultation services for the people who live in the America and European continents, but then she deported by the Indonesian Immigration Authorities, charged with the misuse of visas (she was used tourism visa for business purposes). Then, the research question arises, Are there potential gentrification effects of digital nomad lifestyle to the local people? And what the government should do to tackle this issue? This research is conducted by analyzing tweets using #kristengray and #digitalnomad hashtag, obtained from 12 January to 12 March 2021. The results are more than 49 percent of users, which dominated by the foreigner is defending Kristen Gray, and forcing the Indonesian Government to open Bali as digital nomad living places, but 51 percent of users, who dominated by Indonesian is refusing what the Kristen Gray doing, by arguing if Bali is purely just for tourism places. The results are the gentrification potentially happening between the digital nomad and local people, because of the difference in economic level, culture and value. Then, the government should consider making a policy to minimize the effects of gentrification resulted in digital nomad activities, suggested opening special visas with the restriction and tax policy for the digital nomad.

Tatars of Kazakhstan: number and distribution (according to population census materials 1989, 1999, and 2009)

The history of the settlement of the Kazakhstan territory by Tatars took place over several centuries. At present, they are among the eight most numerous ethnic groups of the republic. Over the years of residence on the Kazakh land, the demographic behavior of Tatars constantly changed. In this regard, the author of the article sought to show the dynamics of the number and location of the Tatar diaspora in Kazakhstan, as well as the features of their intra-republican distribution over a twenty-year period. Considering the demographic characteristics of the Tatars in Kazakhstan, the main focus was made on the census of 1989, 1999, and 2009, the analysis of which showed that since the 80s of the 20th century, the growth rate of Tatars has slowed significantly; while in the 90s of 20th and early 21st centuries, there is a noticeable reduction in the Tatar population. The reasons for this were, first of all, the external migration of Tatars, a decrease in birth rate and an increase in mortality among them. During 1989–2009, Tatars steadily occupied the sixth place in their numbers among the other most numerous ethnic groups of the republic. The region most populated by the Tatars in the period between the three censuses of 1989, 1999, and 2009 was the Karaganda Region, the least number of Tatars lived in Mangistau – 0.3% and Kyzylorda – 0.3%. Tatars are one of the most urbanized ethnic groups in Kazakhstan. In the urban population, they occupy the 5th place in their number. Over 10% of the Tatars live in rural areas of Almaty, Kostanay, Akmola, and South Kazakhstan regions. Representatives of the ethnic group under discussion reside in virtually all regions of Kazakhstan. The resettlement of Tatars in these regions of the republic was primarily influenced by the socio-economic situation, professional structure, high educational level, culture and lifestyle of the Tatar diaspora representatives.

Disentangling succession and entrepreneurship gender gaps: gender norms, culture, and family

This study adapts a multi-level view of culture, including society- and family-based gender norms and the family embeddedness perspective, to predict the career status of a sample of 2897 young Europeans (aged 18–35) from 11 countries, with at least one self-employed parent. We find that gender identity is associated with career status such that a woman is more likely than a man to be an employee vs. a successor to a family firm but no less likely to be a founder as compared with either being an employee or successor. However, certain family and society-level culture variables combined with gender identity reverse these trends. A woman with caring responsibilities is more likely to be a successor than either a founder or employee. Also, while two-way interaction effects for traditional gender norms and having a self-employed mother are weak or not significant, the study finds that in combination, a woman reporting both traditional gender norms and having a self-employed mother is more likely to be a successor than being either an employee or a founder, reversing gender identity main effects. Incorporating the family embeddedness perspective and the role of culture in occupational choice, we develop a better view of the gender gap in entrepreneurship, finding that the family may serve as a stronger influence than society when implied norms of these two levels of culture clash. By examining actual rather than intended career choice, we also contribute to the occupational choice literature on youth employment.

The role of the teacher in the education of university students

Today, studying at a university is the most important way for a young person to socialize and adapt in a constantly changing society. Education is the management of the process of socialization of the individual, which consists of a purposeful influence on the intellectual, spiritual, physical and cultural development of the individual. Student education at the university continues under the influence of purposeful professional socialization of future professionals and is mainly associated with the humanization of education, which places additional demands on teachers to improve the quality, level, culture and culture of communication with students. Key words: students, education and formation of students, institution of higher education

Kesiapan Mahasiswa Kesehatan terhadap Penerapan Pendidikan Interprofesional di Indonesia

Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) is important to create effective interprofessional collaboration also improve quality of health care. Student readiness and perception of IPE will influence the implementation of IPE. This study aimed to analyze an overview, factors that influence and obstacles related to students' readiness and perception of the application of IPE in Indonesia. Methods: Literature reviews with multi-step literature searched on IPE from online databases such as ProQuest; ScienceDirect; SpringerLink and Google scholars by applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples of 8 studies met the criteria and then analyzed for the study. Results: Most of students have a positive perception and readiness for IPE. Factors influencing students' readiness and perception such as motivation; study program options; student cognitive level; culture; initial clinical experience / exposure; IPE experience in the curriculum; and the readiness of lectures. Conclusion: It is necessary to find a solution in anticipating obstacles in encouraging students' readiness and perception of the application of IPE in Indonesia, including unclear role constraints (role blurring) and the stigma of feeling inferior compared to other health professions.