Drugs associated with drug-induced hyponatremia

Hyponatremia (HN) is a significant disturbance of the water-electrolyte balance in clinical practice. Drugs are one of the leading causes of low sodium level. Antidepressants, antiepileptic, antipsychotic, antineoplastic drugs and opioid analgesics are the most common medications that induce hyponatremia. Special attention should be paid to people with cancer, who often receive several drugs that induce HN. Risk factors for the development of drug-induced (DI) HN when taking most medications are female sex, weight loss, and old age. In persons receiving therapy with the listed drugs, it is necessary to assess the risk factors for a decrease in the sodium level, clinical manifestations from the nervous system, and to determine the sodium level in dynamics. Special care must be taken when treating elderly patients, since they have several risk factors for the development of DI HN. These measures will help prevent the development of HN and its severe and sometimes fatal complications.

Financial stability of enterprises in Serbian agriculture, fishing and forestry sector

The main aim of this research paper is to examine financial stability, including indebtedness, interest coverage, and profitability of enterprises in Serbian Agriculture, fishing, and forestry sector. The research was performed using the tools of accounting and financial analysis. Period from 2015 to 2019 was observed. Analysis was based on consolidated financial statements for all enterprises that belonged to the sector in mentioned period. Research results show that the enterprises managed to maintain acceptable level of long-term financial stability, while on the other hand, there was a more significant disturbance on the side of short-term financial stability. Solid performances were recorded in the field of interest coverage, but also indebtedness where those indicators met referent values in almost every observed year. In the field of profitability that was examined via ROA and ROE indicators, poor performance was recorded.

EXPERIENCE OF USING PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DYSPHAGIA AND SIGNIFICANT DISTURBANCE OF TROPHIC STATUS

Treatment of patients with various origins of dysphagia is a difficult task, especially in the presence of severe enteral insufficiency. Purpose of the study: to improve the results of treatment of patients with various origins of dysphagia at the City Clinical Hospital named after N.I. Pirogov (Orenburg, Russian Federation) in order to correct significant violations of the trophic status by imposing a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Clinical studies included 23 patients with various origins of dysphagia from November 2018 to September 2020. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was performed for all patients. The duration of the surgery averaged 13 minutes. In all the cases the installation process was normal and smooth. Later in 2 patients the postoperative period had been complicated by postoperative wound suppuration. The abscess was opened and drained. The prolapse of the gastrostomy tube occurred in one patient due to a violation of its care. It was required repeated endoscopic intervention. There were not any fatal outcomes. The maximum o bservation period for patients was seven days. There were no restrictions on the duration of feeding and the location of the gastrostomy tube. We have noted the following advantages of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: the possibility of performing technique in patients with a high risk of sugery, minimally invasiveness, the simplicity of performance, the using a local anesthesia, the possibility of perfomance this method in the room of endoscopy and intensive care unit. The introduction of endoscopic gastrostomy method into clinical practice provides a better and more reliable enteral support for patients, improves treatment results and quality of life, and minimizes all possible complications.

Seabed Topography Changes in the Sopot Pier Zone in 2010–2018 Influenced by Tombolo Phenomenon

Bathymetric surveys of the same body of water, performed at regular intervals, apart from updating the geospatial information used to create paper and electronic maps, allow for several additional analyses, including an evaluation of geomorphological changes occurring in the coastal zone. This research is particularly important in places where the shape of the coastal zone has been violently disturbed, including by human activity. Tombolo is such a phenomenon and it dynamically shapes the new hydrological conditions of the coastal zone. Apart from natural factors, it may be caused by the construction of hydrotechnical facilities in the littoral zone. It causes a significant disturbance in the balance of the marine environment, resulting in the bottom accretion and dynamic changes in the coastline. This has been the case since 2010 in Sopot, where the rapidly advancing tombolo is not only changing environmental relations but also threatening the health-spa character of the town by stopping the transport of sand along the coast. This paper analyses changes in seabed shape in the pier area in Sopot between 2010 and 2018. In the analysis, both archival maps and bathymetric surveys over a period of 8 years were used; based on these, numerical bottom models were developed and their geospatial changes were analyzed. The results showed that changes in the seabed in this area are progressing very quickly, despite periodic dredging actions organized by administrative bodies.

Influence of Forest Disturbance on La Crosse Virus Risk in Southwestern Virginia

Forest disturbance effects on La Crosse virus (LACV) are currently unknown. We determined the abundance of three LACV accessory vectors (Aedes albopictus, Ae. canadensis, and Ae. vexans) and the primary amplifying host (Eastern chipmunk; Tamias striatus), and tested for LACV prevalence in both vectors and chipmunks, across a gradient of experimental forest disturbance treatments in southwest Virginia. Forest disturbance significantly affected the abundance of LACV accessory vectors, with a higher abundance on disturbed sites for Ae. canadensis and Ae. vexans. However, there was no significant disturbance effect on chipmunk abundance. Forest disturbance significantly affected LACV prevalence in mosquito vectors, with most (80%) detections on unlogged control sites, which past work showed harbor the highest abundance of the two most common LACV vectors (the primary vector Aedes triseriatus, and Ae. japonicus). Interestingly, LACV nucleic acid was only detected in Ae. japonicus and Culex pipiens/restuans, with no detections in the primary vector, Ae. triseriatus. In contrast to the vector results, antibodies were only found in chipmunks on logged sites, but this result was not statistically significant. Overall, our results suggest that human LACV risk should generally decline with logging, and reveal the potential importance of accessory vectors in LACV maintenance in Appalachian forests.

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): Stress Testing in Financialized Reporting Entities

These remarks deal with financialisation of accounting. Financialisation is a process by which windfall capital market gains are crystallised from future earnings over and above those available from current earnings and profit. Accounting numbers reported by business firms are increasingly including the product of windfall gains from capital markets into those accounting numbers. Thus a significant disturbance in market valuations embedded in firm’s assets and earnings could have a significant and material impact upon firm-level financial stability.

IMMUNOLOGICAL PHENOTYPE OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES OF PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY OPERABLE BREAST CANCER

Objecive. The investigation is devoted to study subpopulation structure of lymphocytes from peripheral blood of patients, suffering from breast cancer. Materials and methods. Peripheral blood of 70 patients with breast cancer and 39 healthy women was analyzed using the flow cytometry method with monoclonal antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD56, CD19, CD45 antigens. Results. Statistically significant disturbance of linear structure of lymphocytes (T-cells CD45+/CD3+/CD19-; B-cells CD45+/CD3-/ CD19+; NK-cells CD45+CD3-CD16+56+) detected only in the analysis of individual immunograms, but not in analysis of whole group of breast cancer patients. Conclusion. Based on analysis of frequence of occurrence of disturbances of cancer breast patients with low values of ratio CD4/CD8, it was detected 4 different variants of disturbance.

SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PACING (COSTUS SPECIOSUS) IN MALE MICE

<p><strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>The aim of this research was to evaluate the safety of <em>Costus speciosus</em> extract (CSE) after a 90-day administration in male mice.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:<strong> </strong>Sub-acute toxicity test was performed using the OECD 408 method. CSE at 275-1100 mg/kg/day was administered to male mice for 90 d. The appearance of toxic symptoms was observed every day, followed by measurement of food and drink intakes. Change in body weight, the result of a routine blood check and blood biochemistry were observed and statistical analysis was performed on them. Test animals were killed at the end of the study and the weights of vital organs were examined before organ histology was examined.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>:<strong> </strong>The research result showed that the administration of CSE at 275-1100 mg/kg/day for 90 d did not show any significant disturbance in all parameters, except for reductions of cholesterol and blood glucose levels of test animals (p&lt;0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:<strong> </strong>The results obtained in this research indicated the safety of CSE as a candidate of standardized herbal medicine for male contraception.</p>

Clinically Significant Disturbance: On Theorists Who Theorize Theory of Mind

<p>This essay is an autie-ethnographic narrative that traces the problems with and limits of theory of mind (ToM) as it is currently constructed in psychology and cognitive studies. In particular, I examine the role of the body in ToM&mdash;or rather, the ways in which autistic people are <em>dis</em>embodied in theories about ToM. I argue that theories about ToM deny autistic people agency by calling into question their very humanity and, in doing so, wreak violence on autistic bodies. I suggest, furthermore, that feminist rhetorical studies represent one potential location for dismantling the complex web of oppression that ToM has come to signify.</p><p>Keywords: theory of mind; autism; rhetoric; violence; embodiment</p><p>&nbsp;</p>