Spanish Adaptation of the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument: Reflection on the Difficulty in Transferring the ad hoc Factor

The Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument is a common instrument for measuring organizational culture in English-speaking countries based on four factors: Clan, ad hoc, Market and Hierarchy. However, to date, there is no proper translation of the scale into Spanish. In this study, we describe the translation and adaptation of the instrument through Exploratory Factor Analysis with a Spanish sample (n1 = 246; 69.9% men and 30.1% women) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis with a Peruvian sample (n2 = 510; 70.4% men and 29.6% women). The result reduces the four-factor internal structure to a three-factor structure that retains the Clan, Market and Hierarchy factors, but completely excludes the ad hoc factor. Confirmatory Factor Analysis shows acceptable indicators, reliabilities are good and indication of validity is also confirmed. In conclusion, this study has given rise to the instrument in Spanish, called OCAI-12, which is suitable for evaluating organizational culture.

44*Adjective-noun Collocations in Tourist Advertising Brochures About Istria: a Corpus-based Translation Study

The aim of this research is to determine the collocation strength and contrastively analyse adjective-noun collocations in tourist advertising brochures about Istria found on the official web-page of the Croatian Tourist Board assuming that collocations found in the brochures will be stronger, i.e. more typical, and that most collocations in the English language will be direct translation equivalents of the Croatian collocations. The research starts by describing the position and importance of tourism in the overall European and Croatian industry. It then continues with a definition of collocations, their importance for smooth communication, and the description of their different types, highlighting the problems encountered with their proper translation. The empirical part presents the corpus-based methodology applied and offers the analysis results which confirm the tested assumptions. In the end, the study offers suggestions about how to overcome difficulties in the acquisition and use of collocations in the tourism discourse.

On the equivalence of translation of Martin Heidegger’s “Being and Time”

The author of the article considers the conditions and principles of the future Ukrainian translation of Heidegger’s “Being and Time.” First, he defines the principles of proper translation, then makes suggestions on how “Being and Time” should be translated in accordance with these principles. The governing principle of proper translation is defined as translation equivalence, which is contrasted with the principle of translation adequacy. To clarify the conditions for the equivalent Ukrainian translation of “Being and Time,” the author explores the fundamental concepts of this work. Among others, he justifies the translation of Heidegger’s Dasein as єство, and Heidegger’s Angst as тривога.

On Subtitle Translation of Chinese Costume Drama, The Longest Day in Chang’an

China’s enhanced international influence creates a good environment for spreading its traditional culture overseas. In recent years, Chinese subtitle translation is no longer restricted to translating foreign works into Chinese, with costume drama subtitle translation gaining more and more attention. However, relevant research in China is inadequate, and differences between Chinese and English aggravate this difficulty, which may be solved by studying and analyzing the subtitle translation of The Longest Day in Chang'an under the guidance of Nida's functional equivalence theory from the perspectives of lexical equivalence, syntactic equivalence, and stylistic equivalence, so as to provide the guidance to translators to render a proper translation both in the conveying of information as well as ensuring readers' response.

Regenerative Engineering Animal Models for Knee Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the most common synovial joint disorder worldwide, with a growing incidence due to increasing rates of obesity and an aging population. A significant amount of research is currently being conducted to further our understanding of the pathophysiology of knee osteoarthritis to design less invasive and more effective treatment options once conservative management has failed. Regenerative engineering techniques have shown promising preclinical results in treating OA due to their innovative approaches and have emerged as a popular area of study. To investigate these therapeutics, animal models of OA have been used in preclinical trials. There are various mechanisms by which OA can be induced in the knee/stifle of animals that are classified by the etiology of the OA that they are designed to recapitulate. Thus, it is essential to utilize the correct animal model in studies that are investigating regenerative engineering techniques for proper translation of efficacy into clinical trials. This review discusses the various animal models of OA that may be used in preclinical regenerative engineering trials and the corresponding classification system. Lay Summary Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the most common synovial joint disease worldwide, with high rates of occurrence due to an increase in obesity and an aging population. A great deal of research is currently underway to further our understanding of the causes of osteoarthritis, to design more effective treatments. The emergence of regenerative engineering has provided physicians and investigators with unique opportunities to join ideas in tackling human diseases such as OA. Once the concept is proven to work, the initial procedure for the evaluation of a treatment solution begins with an animal model. Thus, it is essential to utilize a suitable animal model that reflects the particular ailment in regenerative engineering studies for proper translation to human patients as each model has associated advantages and disadvantages. There are various ways by which OA can occur in the knee joint, which are classified according to the particular cause of the OA. This review discusses the various animal models of OA that may be used in preclinical regenerative engineering investigations and the corresponding classification system.

Przekład literacki na cztery ręce, czyli o warsztacie niemieckiego tandemu tłumaczy Ksiąg Jakubowych Olgi Tokarczuk

Literary Translation in Four Hands – the Workshop of the German Translation Tandem of Olga Tokarczuk’s The Books of Jacob The Books of Jacob by Olga Tokarczuk, the Polish Nobel Prize winner in literature, was published in 2014 by Wydawnictwo Literackie (Krakow). The German translation of the novel is the result of the work of the tandem, Lisa Palmes and Lothar Quinkenstein, who by using the TOLEDO platform (Translators in Cultural Exchange) programme of the German Translators Fund, have made a “translation journal” entitled Die Funken der Erlösung. Journal zur Übersetzung des Romans Die Jakobsbücher von Olga Tokarczuk (Kampa) available. Its reading allows us to reconstruct the translation tandem’s successive activities in the preparation for the proper translation process: from the reconstruction of the boundary between history and fiction during the reading of the source texts, through the deconstruction of the image of the main character in the original and its reconstruction in the translation, to the exploration of the colour of the epoch, the polyphonicity and intertextuality of the novel and the definition of their translation strategies.

Fuzzy Language Processing in Translation of Literature: A Case Study of Dr. Zha’s Diary of Fighting the COVID-19

Aesthetics is a subject focusing on studying the nature and significance of beauty (including beauty in language, art, literature, etc.). Moreover, the development of aesthetics, within the broader context of literary systems, is of significant importance. Chinese Literature (which in essence differs from that of English Literature) expresses beauty using its unique ways, especially with the employment of fuzzy language (also known as “vague language”). By including a certain degree of “fuzziness”, Chinese Literature grants readers room fir imagination. However, the process of translating Chinese fuzzy language into other languages is not an easy feat to accomplish. Such translations can, to a large extent, seriously affect the original meaning of the text. To explore proper ways of “fuzzy language” translation, this paper ventures to analyze the processing methods used in the translated work “Dr. Zha’s Diary of Fighting the COVID-19”. Categorizing vague language into three perspectives, namely, semantic vagueness, cultural vagueness and rhetorical vagueness, the paper analyzes the way to tackle fuzzy language with 16 detailed cases. Based on the case analyses, the paper proposes that the proper translation of fuzzy language in literature will be more conducive for readers to appreciate the works and helps to improve the translation quality. By exploring the ways of processing fuzzy language, this paper hopes to bring some suggestions and inspiration to other researchers.

Is “New Culture” a Proper Translation of Xin wenhua?

For several decades, we have been witnessing a profound renewal in our understanding of the “New Culture Movement”. However, the aptness of “new culture” as a proper translation for xin wenhua 新文化 has almost never been discussed. The present paper argues that uniformly translating xin as “new” and wenhua as “culture” tends to blur the picture instead of making it clearer, for by so doing one unconsciously endorses the narrative of radical Chinese intellectuals while silencing other voices. Furthermore, the article puts forward the idea that terms such as wenhua 文化 encompassed a “multiplicity of potential readings” that have much to do with the transformation of Chinese language at the beginning of the 20th century, and with the emergence of a new conceptual repertoire. In their attempts to appropriate xin wenhua and turn it into a seemingly coherent movement with an agenda, Chinese intellectuals were fighting a war over the topic of “civilization/culture”, but also, and perhaps primarily education. Yet, by employing the term “culture” in academic writing today, we tend to produce a historical dissonance for their use of this term is not our own: we thus fall into the trap of semantic transparency, and forget that the concept of “culture” has a problematic history in both China and the West. By questioning the use of wenhua with regard to the May Fourth Movement, I provide evidence that the accepted translation of culture can be problematic if one does not clearly spell out the meaning located behind it, as the Chinese wenhua often did not mean “Chinese culture” in our modern, all too modern, anthropological sense.

PECULIARITIES OF RENDERING OF ENGLISH TELL-TALE AND PUN NAMES IN TRANSLATIONS OF T. PRATCHETT’S BOOKS

The relevance of our research is based on the growing popularity of the fantasy comedy genre. Since modern readers are more and more interested in foreign literature, translators are faced with the task of creating an adequate translation that will accurately reproduce the personal style and all the elements of a separate universe created by an author, as well as convey the meaning that the author puts in his works to his readers. Since the main feature of Terry Pratchett’s personal style is the use of pun and tell-tale names in his works, thus arises the question of proper translation of this particular vocabulary. This work is devoted to the study of the culture of English proper names, mostly pun and tell-tale names; and analysis of translation choices for such vocabulary in the works of Russian translators. The dominance of the semantic translation method is determined by extensive use of occasionalism in Pratchett’s works. As for transcription/transliteration or their mixing — the translator uses them if he doesn’t see any meaning behind a particular character name. In some cases, it is possible to talk about the creative component of the translated text, about bringing a translator’s personality to the novel. This individuality does not distort Pratchett’s personal style and his original solutions, which appear in translation. The purpose of this work is to analyze the linguistic and stylistic specificsof proper names translation techniques in a series of fantasy comedy «Discoworld» from English into Russian. The paper presents an analysis of the specifics of the interpretation of pun names taking into account difficulties and cases where the translation does not match the original. The results of the study will help to avoid possible difficulties in the future and find new ways to solve them. This will help to optimize the quality oftranslation, which in turn will lead to an improvement of the quality of the final product.