Nubian Texts, Nubian Lives

Nubian texts provide valuable insight into Nubian social and economic history. Accounts reveal economic priorities both secular and sacred. Documentary evidence hints at the nature of state centralization and the movement of goods and coins in and out of Nubia. Magic reveals Nubia’s deep-seated hopes and fears. Literature shows innovative theology and Nubia’s sense of its place in world history. Funerary inscriptions record the careers of the elite and their sense of their own place in the cosmos. But much is missing from the Nubian textual record as well, suggesting that major literary genres never indigenized in Nubia the way they did in Egypt or Ethiopia. Other genres ebb and flow over time, hinting at the economy of Nubian literacy and the processes through which it ultimately dies.

METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION LOGISTICS STRUCTURE OF THE ORGANIZATION

This article presents the development of theoretical and methodological provisions for building the logistics structure of the organization. The practical significance of the scientific results of this study is that their use allows to optimize the logistics activities of the organization by creating the position of logistics manager, whose function is to optimize the movement of the entire supply chain. This study emphasizes that the logistics structure of the enterprise allows to provide the most correct combination in space of all links of the logistics chain and at the same time serves as a basis for the organization of material flow over time. The key principles that must be followed when building a logistics structure in the organization are proposed. The list of basic management methods used in logistics structures is systematized. This article highlights the general features of work in the field of logistics in the organization, which is coordinated with the work in the field of procurement and sale of products. The specific features of procurement logistics and sales logistics are considered in detail. The article analyzes the features of building a logistics structure in organizational terms and in terms of managing the movement of goods. A list of factors that should be taken into account in the process of creating an organizational structure based on the principles of a systematic approach to resource management. The article considers and substantiates the need and purpose of the introduction of a logistics specialist in the organizational management structure of the company. The basic requirements which should be observed in the course of construction of logistic organizational structures are systematized. An example of a short business plan for the organization of logistics in the company has been developed. To assess the effectiveness of the implementation of the position of logistics manager in the budget period in this study, it is recommended to use the coefficient of logistics efficiency. In this case, the key function of the logistics manager is proposed to be the management of material flow, starting from the creation of the necessary contractual relationship with the stakeholder and ending with the delivery to the final consumer of finished products.

Efficient Algorithms on Multicommodity Flow over Time Problems with Partial Lane Reversals

The multicommodity flow problem arises when several different commodities are transshipped from specific supply nodes to the corresponding demand nodes through the arcs of an underlying capacity network. The maximum flow over time problem concerns to maximize the sum of commodity flows in a given time horizon. It becomes the earliest arrival flow problem if it maximizes the flow at each time step. The earliest arrival transshipment problem is the one that satisfies specified supplies and demands. These flow over time problems are computationally hard. By reverting the orientation of lanes towards the demand nodes, the outbound lane capacities can be increased. We introduce a partial lane reversal approach in the class of multicommodity flow problems. Moreover, a polynomial-time algorithm for the maximum static flow problem and pseudopolynomial algorithms for the earliest arrival transshipment and maximum dynamic flow problems are presented. Also, an approximation solution to the latter problem is obtained in polynomial-time.

FLOW OVER TIME PROBLEM WITH INFLOW-DEPENDENT TRANSIT TIMES

Network flow over time is an important area for the researcher relating to the traffic assignment problem. Transmission times of the vehicles directly depend on the number of vehicles entering the road. Flow over time with fixed transit times can be solved by using classical (static) flow algorithms in a corresponding time expanded network which is not exactly applicable for flow over time with inflow dependent transit times. In this paper we discuss the time expanded graph for inflow-dependent transit times and non-existence of earliest arrival flow on it. Flow over time with inflow-dependent transit times are turned to inflow-preserving flow by pushing the flow from slower arc to the fast flow carrying arc. We gave an example to show that time horizon of quickest flow in bow graph GB was strictly smaller than time horizon of any inflow-preserving flow over time in GB satisfying the same demand. The relaxation in the modified bow graph turns the problem into the linear programming problem.

Network Flow Models for Evacuation Planning

Because of increasing number of natural and human created disasters worldwide, a research on challenging issues of emergency management are being quite emerging for the betterment of today's complex real-life. The diversified operational research models and their solutions techniques together with their simulation schemes are yet not evident in realizing a generally acceptable solution of these challenging issues. We consider the planning problems in emergencies which is even unsolved yet in general. In this paper, we briefly give the models and algorithms on the existing solution approaches within the framework of evacuation planning network flow models, where the objectives are either to maximize the flow over time or minimize the time for transshipment of the estimated flow. The flow models and solution techniques with their insights presented here highlight the state of existing approaches and hint further direction of research in the field of evacuation optimization. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2017, 13(1): 90-101