Fabrication and properties of the He+-implanted K9 glass waveguide

This work reports on the fabrication and characterization of a K9 glass planar waveguide structure. The helium ion implantation was employed to form the waveguide on the K9 glass. The choices of the energy of 0.4 MeV and the dose of [Formula: see text] ions/cm2 were conducted by the SRIM 2013. The [Formula: see text]-line spectroscopy and the modal profile of the He[Formula: see text]-irradiated K9 glass waveguide were performed by the prism-coupling system and the end-face coupling technique at 0.6328 [Formula: see text]m, which suggests the capability of light propagation. The He[Formula: see text]-implanted K9 glass waveguides can serve as potential candidates for advanced integrated optoelectronic devices.

Joule-Level Twelve-Pass LD End-Pumped Bonded Neodymium Glass Laser Amplifier

This paper reports on a Joule-level multi-pass laser amplification device with diode end-pumped square-rod neodymium glass (Nd:glass) bonded to K9 glass. The device generated 1.17 J pulse energy at 1 Hz and 1053 nm. The optical-to-optical efficiency was 13.01%, and the effective energy extraction efficiency was 44.23%. Comparing Nd:glass of the same specification without K9 glass under the same conditions, the thermal wave aberration of the former was 85.71% of that of the latter, which is 0.78 um. The near-field modulation degree at the highest energy output was 1.42 within 90% of the spot, and the far-field energy concentration was 81.88% within the 2.5-fold diffraction limit. The Nd:glass bonding method of the square rod is relatively novel in laser amplification systems pumped by the diode end face and can be further studied in future works.

A Broadband Differential-Fed Dual-Polarized Hollow Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5G Communications

A broadband differential-fed dual-polarized hollow cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed in this article. It makes use of the HEM111, HEM113, and HEM115 modes of the cylindrical hollow DRA. The proposed DRA is simply fed by two pairs of conducting strips and each pair of strips is provided with the out-of-phase signals. After introducing four disconnected air holes into the DRA, a broadband characteristic is achieved, with little effect on the antenna gain of its higher-order modes. To verify this idea, frosted K9-glass is applied to fabricate the hollow cylindrical DRA. The differential S-parameters, radiation patterns, and antenna gain of the DRA are studied. It is found that the proposed differential-fed dual-polarized DRA is able to provide a broad differential impedance bandwidth of ~68% and a high differential-port isolation better than ~46 dB. Moreover, symmetrical broadside radiation patterns are observed across the whole operating band. The proposed DRA covers the frequency bands including the 5G-n77 (3.4–4.2 GHz), 5G-n79 (4.4–5.0 GHz), WLAN-5.2 GHz (5.15–5.35 GHz), and WLAN-5.8 GHz (5.725–5.825 GHz), which can be used for 5G communications.

Model for Predicting the Micro-Grinding Force of K9 Glass Based on Material Removal Mechanisms

K9 optical glass has superb material properties used for various industrial applications. However, the high hardness and low fracture toughness greatly fluctuate the cutting force generated during the grinding process, which are the main factors affecting machining accuracy and surface integrity. With a view to further understand the grinding mechanism of K9 glass and improve the machining quality, a new arithmetical force model and parameter optimization for grinding the K9 glass are introduced in this study. Originally, the grinding force components and the grinding path were analyzed according to the critical depth of plowing, rubbing, and brittle tear. Thereafter, the arithmetical model of grinding force was established based on the geometrical model of a single abrasive grain, taking into account the random distribution of grinding grains, and this fact was considered when establishing the number of active grains participating in cutting Nd-Tot. It should be noted that the tool diameter changed with machining, therefore this change was taking into account when building the arithmetical force model during processing as well as the variable value of the maximum chip thickness amax accordingly. Besides, the force analysis recommends how to control the processing parameters to achieve high surface and subsurface quality. Finally, the force model was evaluated by comparing theoretical results with experimental ones. The experimental values of surface grinding forces are in good conformity with the predicted results with changes in the grinding parameters, which proves that the mathematical model is reliable.

Fabrication and thermal optimization of H+-implanted k9 glass waveguides

The k9 glass emerges as the promising host for the waveguide formation, owing to its unique optical properties. Ion implantation is a powerful technique for the fabrication of optical waveguides. In this work, the 400-keV proton implantation at a dose of [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] was performed on the k9 glass to manufacture optical waveguide. Continuous annealing treatment at intervals of [Formula: see text] was used to enhance the guiding performances of the waveguide. The dark-mode spectrum and the refractive index profile of the waveguide were obtained by a prism coupling system and a reflectivity calculation method, respectively. The near-filed intensity distribution was measured by an end-face coupling equipment. The results suggest that the light field can be confined within the waveguide layer.

Surface Control of K9 Glass/Diamondunder Cold Plasma Assisted Cutting

Surface properties of K9 glass/diamond materials were controlled under the optical brittle material by cold plasma assisted cutting machining. The influence of cold plasma jet on the tribological performance of K9 glass/diamond friction pair was investigated using the friction and wear test. The experimental results show that the plasma can be penetrated the surface of the brittle material. Cold plasma jet can regulate and control the K9 glass/diamond materials surface property and improve anti-friction effect.