Research on Visual Image Texture Rendering for Artistic Aided Design

The rendering effect of known visual image texture is poor and the output image is not always clear. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a visual image rendering based on scene visual understanding algorithm. In this approach, the color segmentation of known visual scene is carried out according to a predefined threshold, and the segmented image is processed by morphology. For this purpose, the extraction rules are formulated to screen the candidate regions. The color image is fused and filtered in the neighborhood, the pixels of the image are extracted, and the 2D texture recognition is realized by multilevel fusion and visual feature reconstruction. Using compact sampling to extract more target features, feature points are matched, the coordinate system of known image information are integrated into a unified coordinate system, and design images are generated to complete art-aided design. Simulation results show that the proposed method is more accurate than the original method for extracting the information of known images, which helps to solve the problem of clearly visible output images and improves the overall design effect.

Odontoid Fracture as Proximal Junctional Failure in Patients With Multilevel Spine Fusions

Study Design: Retrospective study. Objective: Proximal junctional failure (PJF) commonly occurs as a recognized potential outcome of fusion surgery. Here we describe a unique series of patients with multilevel spine fusion including the cervical spine, who developed PJF as an odontoid fracture. Methods: We performed a single site retrospective review of patients with prior fusion that included a cervical component, who presented with an odontoid fracture between 2012 and 2019. Radiographic measurements included C2-C7 SVA, C2-C7 lordosis, T1 slope, Occiput-C2 angle, proximal junctional kyphosis, and cervical mismatch. Associated fractures, medical comorbidities, and treatments were determined via chart review after IRB approval. Results: Nine patients met inclusion criteria. 5 reported trauma with subsequent onset of pain. All patients sustained a Type II odontoid fracture. 5 with associated C1/Jefferson fractures. In all patients, pre-injury Occiput-C2 angle was outside normative range; C2-C7 SVA was greater than 4 cm in 6 patients; T1-slope minus cervical lordosis was greater than 18.5 degrees in 6 patients. 7 patients were treated operatively with extension of fusion to C1 and 2 patients declined operative treatment. Conclusion: In this series of 9 patients with multilevel fusion with type II odontoid fractures, all patients demonstrated abnormal pre-fracture sagittal alignment parameters and a greater than normal association of C1 fractures was noted. Further study is needed to establish the role of poor sagittal alignment with compensatory occiput-C2 angulation as a predisposing factor for odontoid fracture as a proximal junctional failure mechanism.