Rhizomatous Identity in “The Yellow Wallpaper”: A Deleuzo-Guattarian Perspective

This article is an attempt to move beyond the conventional binary heuristic of identity to its progressive representation based on multiplicity, difference, and dispersion popularized by the ‘rhizomatic’ theory of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s story, “The Yellow Wall Paper”. It is a cliché belief that multiplicity comprises of numerous units, and these units can be eventually united under one category such as the ages of population. Deleuze and Guattari interrogated such logocentric assumptions, and ‘arborescent root- tree’ model of objectified structures, language, identity and self. This article seeks to trace the voyage of Jane’s identity whose dairy constitutes the story “The Yellow Wall Paper”. Her identity has evoked ramified and conflicting networks of references. Feminists broach that she is caged to be a conventional caring mother; for a Freudian she is a ‘hysteric’ struggling with temporary nervous depression, Lacanian posit that she is a ‘psychotic’ who persistently tries to satisfy the ‘gaze’ of her physician husband John, and for a Deleuzian the moment she fails to bear the burden of capitalism driven ‘bio-power’ and ‘nuclear family’ she becomes a ‘schizo’. The object of study of this article is not Jane’s mind which romanticizes asylums rather the interrelation between ‘bio-power’ and her ‘desire’. The article will portray that Jane’s ‘self’ is evacuated from its fixed position to cherish free form of human interaction, and her identity is not handcuffed by any law, rather it is in a state of constant ‘flux’, in a ceaseless motion of ‘becoming’, it is a ‘rhizome’, facilitating a non- hierarchical network.

Graph Self-Transformation Model Based on the Operation of Change the End of the Edge

We consider a distributed network whose topology is described by an undirected graph. The network itself can change its topology, using special “commands” provided by its nodes. The work proposes an extremely local atomic transformation acb of a change the end c of the edge ac, “moving” along the edge cb from vertex c to vertex b. As a result of this operation, the edge ac is removed, and the edge ab is added. Such a transformation is performed by a “command” from a common vertex c of two adjacent edges ac and cb. It is shown that from any tree you can get any other tree with the same set of vertices using only atomic transformations. If the degrees of the tree vertices are bounded by the number d (d 3), then the transformation does not violate this restriction. As an example of the purpose of such a transformation, the problems of maximizing and minimizing the Wiener index of a tree with a limited degree of vertices without changing the set of its vertices are considered. The Wiener index is the sum of pairwise distances between the vertices of a graph. The maximum Wiener index has a linear tree (a tree with two leaf vertices). For a root tree with a minimum Wiener index, its type and method for calculating the number of vertices in the branches of the neighbors of the root are determined. Two distributed algorithms are proposed: transforming a tree into a linear tree and transforming a linear tree into a tree with a minimum Wiener index. It is proved that both algorithms have complexity no higher than 2n–2, where n is the number of tree vertices. We also consider the transformation of arbitrary undirected graphs, in which there can be cycles, multiple edges and loops, without restricting the degree of the vertices. It is shown that any connected graph with n vertices can be transformed into any other connected graph with k vertices and the same number of edges in no more than 2(n+k)–2.

Respon Fisiologi Mindi (Melia azedarach L.) dan Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) dalam Agroforestri Secara Organik

Mindi is one of commercial tree species for its timber. Sustainable management of mindi community forest can be obtained by inter-planting the trees with agricultural crop such as soybean. This study aimed to analyze physiological respond of mindi and soybean, which were planted in an organic agroforestry system. The research was done in Conservation Unit for Medicinal Plants at Cikabayan, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). The first study was about the growth of mindi saplings in monoculture and agroforestry systems (with soybean). The experiment used completely randomized design (CRD). The second study was about the growth of soybean in monoculture and agroforestry systems (with mindi), and used split-plot design. The result show that nutrient uptake of N, P, and K in agroforestry system was higher than in monoculture. The increase of nutrient content in agroforestry system led to the higher increase of growth dimensions of mindi tree than the ones in monoculture. The content of soybean chlorophyll planted in agroforestry system was higher than the ones in monoculture. Soybean in agroforestry system had higher nutrient uptake of N, P, and K compared to the ones in monoculture. Soybean productivity in monoculture system showed higher result than the ones in agroforestry. Keywords: chlorophyll, monoculture, root, tree dimension, varieties

Evolution of the ROOT Tree I/O

The ROOT TTree data format encodes hundreds of petabytes of High Energy and Nuclear Physics events. Its columnar layout drives rapid analyses, as only those parts (“branches”) that are really used in a given analysis need to be read from storage. Its unique feature is the seamless C++ integration, which allows users to directly store their event classes without explicitly defining data schemas. In this contribution, we present the status and plans of the future ROOT 7 event I/O. Along with the ROOT 7 interface modernization, we aim for robust, where possible compile-time safe C++ interfaces to read and write event data. On the performance side, we show first benchmarks using ROOT’s new experimental I/O subsystem that combines the best of TTrees with recent advances in columnar data formats. A core ingredient is a strong separation of the high-level logical data layout (C++ classes) from the low-level physical data layout (storage backed nested vectors of simple types). We show how the new, optimized physical data layout speeds up serialization and deserialization and facilitates parallel, vectorized and bulk operations. This lets ROOT I/O run optimally on the upcoming ultra-fast NVRAM storage devices, as well as file-less storage systems such as object stores.

An Optimized Protection Coordination Scheme for the Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relays Using a Nature-Inspired Root Tree Algorithm

In electrical engineering problems, bio- and nature-inspired optimization techniques are valuable ways to minimize or maximize an objective function. We use the root tree algorithm (RTO), inspired by the random movement of roots, to search for the global optimum, in order to best solve the problem of overcurrent relays (OCRs). It is a complex and highly linear constrained optimization problem. In this problem, we have one type of design variable, time multiplier settings (TMSs), for each relay in the circuit. The objective function is to minimize the total operating time of all the primary relays to avoid excessive interruptions. In this paper, three case studies have been considered. From the simulation results, it has been observed that the RTO with certain parameter settings operates better compared to the other up-to-date algorithms.

A Tree-Based Model for Setting Optimal Train Fare Zones

Given a railway line withnstops and the number of travelers between each pair of stops, we show how to split these stops intokdifferent fare zones in order to maximize the benefit obtained from the sale of tickets to the travelers. We present a method to obtain this solution that is based on finding the longest path in a weighted root tree. This method improves in terms of efficiency the combinatorial method, where all the possible distributions have to be considered for deciding which is the optimal one.