THE MATRIX OF LAND TENURE PROPERTY RIGHT FOR WATER SETTLEMENT AREA

The Land Tenure Property Right (LTPR) concept is critical for establishing ownership and rights to land or property. Land is inextricably linked to a community's social identities, and it is critical for them to understand their rights. Water settlement areas are not included in the formal LTPR, which results in ambiguous rights, informal land tenure, and ambiguity regarding certain LTPR elements. As a result, this article will discuss the difficulties associated with LTPR in this area. The article employs a qualitative approach, with data collected via face-to-face interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Three case studies are included, in which all of the villages are located in a water settlement area. Six challenges are identified in the context of LTPR that require revision and strengthening. By combining the general LTPR framework and the results, a Matrix of LTPR that meets the criteria in the water settlement area is produced.

Шошоолог: этноним и этническая история

Introduction. This article under takes a study of the clan name Shoshoolog (Šošōlog) in the context of ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Mongolic and Turkic peoples of Inner Asia and Siberia. New historical and ethnographical data, including the evidence of ethnonymics as a part of the ethnic history of the Mongolic and Turkic peoples of the region will contribute to the knowledge of the migration and settlement history of the Shoshoolog people. The study aims at examining the etymology of the term šošōloγ, the area where it wasspread and theways of itsspread. Data and methods. The authors have taken into account written documents, ethnographical and folklore sources that contained references to the ethnonym in question. The written sources of the period between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries, mainly in Russian, such as Cossacks’ otpiski (reports), and, more recent, travel and census reports, contain various forms of the ethnonym, often incorrectly spelled but still of interest as evidence pointing at the settlement areas of the ethnic group, as well as a source for linguistic speculation. The ethnographical sources include references to the ethnic group in question based on the legends and sagas shedding light on the people’s origin and settlement patterns both in the Baikal area and in Mongolia. The folklore texts written down by N. N. Poppe, S. P. Baldaev, etc. Include the stories of the Shoshoolog as a Buryat clan with a strong Shamanic background, as well as various forms of the ethnonym. Granted the available knowledge of the historical patterns in the language evolution, the orthographical forms of the ethnonym contained in different records were used as the data for further phonetical reconstructions and localizations of the ethnonym’s phonetic shape in terms of chronological and geographical dimensions. This data, alongside other material on the ethnonymics and onomastics of Mongolic and Turkic peoples, contributes to the linguistic part of the database in the field. Conclusions. A comparative analysis of ethnonymic evidence contained in a variety of sources examined resulted in phonetic reconstructions of the ethnonym under study to finally shed new light on its etymology, as well as to project further developments of its phonetic shape.

Coastal Inundation and Land Subsidence in North Coast of West Java: A New Hazard?

The North Coasts of West Java are increasingly affected by human activities. The area has been utilized as settlement areas, industrial estates, and associated infrastructures including roads, school, hospital, market, etc. Consequently, this massive landuse and uncontrolled natural resources extraction have contributed to environmental degradation such as coastal erosion, accretion, pollution, inundation, and land subsidence. To date, we have so far very few field measurement data of land subsidence to support its importance. However, satellite image and on-ground observations used to determine spatio-temporal changes in the shoreline and area of inundation indicated the existence of land subsidence. Groundtruth data on selected areas also indicated the indicators of land subsidence such as damages of infrastructures including houses, roads, and sea dikes. The most noticeable shoreline changes in the North Coast of West Java are situated in Muara Gembong Bekasi and Legon Kulon Subang constituting maximum rates of shoreline retreat up to 200 and 150 m/year respectively for the last two decades (from 2000 to 2020). Whilst, the total areas of inundation in Muara Gembong and Legon Kulon based on recent satellite studies are 10.2 km2 and 7.4 km2 respectively. Coastal inundation might be linked to the combination of long-term behavior of oceanographic variables such as wave and sea level, in coincidence with hydrological changes due to river works (i.e. dam constructions and channellings) and an increase of settlement areas, fish ponds, groundwater extraction, etc. A set of preliminary engineering measures, in conjunction with sediment managing schemes, is proposed for the sustainable development of the coastal zone.

Visualisation of Naturally Ventilated House in Tropical Hilly Area of Indonesia, Case Study: Vatutela Village, Tondo Hills, Palu

The settlement of Vatutela village’s in Tondo hills Palu has only one road access with a linear residential pattern following the topography. This situation affects the pattern of wind flowing through the settlement areas, which is undoubtedly affecting the house’s temperature and humidity profile and influencing thermal comfort of the occupants. The research was conducted to visualise the pattern of the wind flow entering the house through openings in the perspective of building’s thermal performance. The method used to visualise the air movement was the smoke decay method. The method was performed in two scaled dwelling Models representing brick-constructed houses and wood-constructed raised floor houses in Vatutela village. The smoke decay result is elaborated with the results of microclimate measurements using Hobo data loggers to analyse the thermal condition in the houses. The results showed that a design strategy is needed to achieve a thermal comfort zone in both types of houses. The design strategy can be in the form of the arrangement of openings and additional building elements, such as adding ceilings, fins, sunscreens. Additionally, the opening placement, width, and type should be reconsidered for the houses in the area according to houses’ plan and section. This study is expected to give a visual evidence of wind pattern in a naturally ventilated house with a three-layers plan.

Urban induced land use land cover changes in upper Deme watershed, Southwest Ethiopia

The study was aimed to assess urban induced land use land cover changes in the upper Deme watershed. Three satellite images of 1986, 2002, and 2019 were analyzed by ArcGIS and processed by supervised classification. Land use land cover change in the watershed increased for settlement, bare land, and croplands in the period 1986-2019 by 56.6%, 53%, and 0.25%, respectively. However, the land use land cover change in the watershed decreased for a water body, forest, and grassland by 65%, 57.7%, and 7%, respectively. These enforced to change the work habit and social bases. Out of converted lands, during 1986-2002, 34.9%, 53%, 18%, 40.9%, and 10.6% of bare land, cropland, forest land, grassland, and water bodies, respectively, in the upper Deme watershed were changed into settlement areas. During 2002-2019, 30.7%, 36.8%, 26.9%, 66%, and 33.3% of bare land, cropland, forest land, grassland, and water bodies, respectively, were changed into settlement areas. This shows urbanization results in a different change in economic, social, land use land cover, and watershed management activities in the upper Deme watershed.

GIS-based Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Settlement Areas: A Case Study in Canik

In addition to population growth throughout the world due to migration from rural to urban areas, population density is constantly increasing in certain regions, thereby necessitating the introduction of new settlements in these regions. However, in the selection of settlement areas, no sufficient preliminary examinations are conducted; consequently, various natural disasters may cause significant life and property losses. Herein, the most suitable settlement areas were determined using multicriteria decision analysis in Canik District, where the population is constantly increasing. Therefore, this study is aimed to incorporate a new perspective to the studies on this subject. Within the scope of the study, landslide and flood risks, which are among the most important natural disasters in the region, were primarily evaluated, and risky areas were determined. Thereafter, suitable and unsuitable areas in terms of biocomfort, which affect people’s health, peace, comfort, and psychology, and which are also significant in terms of energy efficiency, were determined. At the last stage of the study, the most suitable settlement areas that are suitable in terms of both biocomfort and low level of landslide and flood risks were determined; the calculated proportion of such areas to the total study area is only 2.1%. Therefore, because these areas are insufficient for the establishment of new settlements, areas with low landslide and flood risks but unsuitable for biocomfort were secondarily determined; the ratio of these areas was calculated as 56.8%. The remaining areas are inconvenient for the establishment of settlements owing to the risk of landslides and floods; the ratio of these areas was calculated as 41.1%. The study is exemplary in the respect that the priority for the selection of settlement areas is specified, which can be applied for selecting new settlements for each region considering different criteria.

Kebijakan Penyelenggaraan Perumahan Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah di Kabupaten Lahat Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

In essence, the implementing regulations for the construction of housing and settlement areas are clear as the responsibility of the government, as has been described above that the government's role is to determine development in the field of housing and settlement areas. The central government program with 1 (one) million subsidized houses would also pay more attention to its implementation performance, so that the existing implementing regulations will not only become passive laws. In Indonesia today there are still many regulations which in the end become a symptom of problems in their own country. In the context of accelerating housing development for low-income people (MBR), the government makes simplification efforts in simplifying licensing for low-income housing development. By issuing Government Regulation Number 64 of 2016 concerning Low-Income Community Housing Development, then to accelerate its implementation in the regions, it is regulated in Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 55 of 2017 concerning the Implementation of Licensing and Non-Licensing of Housing Development for Low-Income Communities (MBR) in the Region. This study aims to determine government policies related to the implementation of MBR housing development and to determine the implementation of Housing Development Permits for Low-Income Communities (MBR) in the Regions, especially in Lahat Regency, South Sumatra Province.

Policy Networks in Improving the Quality of Housing and Settlements in Indonesia (A Case Research of Bandung District)

Studies on slum housing and settlements have been carried out in many countries. The various studies show that the problem of housing and settlement areas can no longer be considered a simple problem. Different from the various studies on housing and settlement areas, this research employs the perspective of policy networks as a new public administration paradigm. The development issue on housing and settlement areas is regarded as one of the contemporary international issues contained in one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Several countries have become the focus of attention, such as: India, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Thailand. In Indonesia, the development of housing and settlement areas is mandated by law. The Local Government of Bandung District has made efforts to improve the quality of housing and settlements through such programs as the PLPBK, Rutilahu, and Kotaku. However, the improvement in the quality of housing and settlements in general has not touched the basic problem, namely the welfare of the community. The development is limited to physical improvements and lasts 1 (one) to 2 (two) years. In the third year the restored area becomes irregular / slum again. Therefore, it is recommended that the Bandung District government issue a local regulation in the form of a Regent Regulation concerning the improvement of housing and settlement quality and a plan for handling it as the legal bases. In addition, a collaboration of actors in policy networks should be formed based on the pentahelix model incorporating the actors of business, government, community, academic, and media.