Peculiarities of the correlation between professional well-being and organizational commitment of information technology specialists

The article analyzes the problem of the correlation between professional well-being and organizational commitment of specialists in the field of IT in Ukraine. The concept of "professional well-being" is defined as the psychological state of the employee associated with the efficiency and productivity of his work; the concept of "organizational commitment" as an emotional attachment, identification with the norms and values of the organization, acceptance of goals, excessive work in the interests of the company. The professional well-being was studied according to the method of "Professional well-being" K. Ruth (indicators: autonomy in professional activity, competence, professional growth, positive relations in the team, professional goals, acceptance of oneself as a professional, general indicator); and organizational commitment according to the method of "Professional demand for personality" O. Kharitonova (indicators: satisfaction with the realization of professional potential, belonging to the professional community, experiencing professional demand, professional competence, professional authority, evaluation of professional results, attitude to others, self- esteem and general indicator of personal demand in the professional plan) and the Questionnaire of J. Meyer and N. Allen "Scale of organizational commitment" (indicators: affective loyalty, normative loyalty, continuance loyalty). The correlation between professional well-being and organizational commitment has been empirically identified by correlation analysis. Loyalty scales have been found to be negatively correlated with professional well-being scales, suggesting that the more competent an IT professional considers himself, the less likely he is to become loyal to an organization. It is concluded that the structure of professional well-being and commitment to the company of IT employees has its own characteristics and requires more detailed further research.

Negotiating Boundaries: The Nurse Family Member Caring for Her Own Relative in Palliative Care

<p>This research illuminates the challenges of living well within one's own family as a nurse caring for her own relative who is dying of a cancer-related illness. Developing a deeper awareness of the consequences of this caring work has been the central focus for inquiry in this research. Nursing requires epistemologies that encompass new ways of understanding how we live within our own families and communities and practice as nurses. The theoretical framework that guides this research interprets the French Philosopher Michel Foucault's (1926-1984) critical history of thought as an ethical project for nursing. It uses conceptual tools developed in his later writing and interviews to draw attention to how discursive knowledge and practices constitute subjectivity in relations of truth, power and the self's relation to the self. The first aspect of the analysis, landscapes of care examines the techniques of discourse as relations of power and knowledge that constitute nurse family members as subjects who have relationships with their own families and other health professionals. The second aspect analyses care of the self and others as self work undertaken to form the self as a particular kind of subject and achieve mastery over one's thoughts and actions. Nurses are called to care because they are present within their families with knowledge and expertise that makes a difference to how a dying relative experiences palliative care. Caring discourse positions nurses with responsibilities to their own; responsibilities that require sensitivity in knowing how to negotiate the relational spaces that constitute relationships with other family members and health professionals. Family discourse calls nurse family members to care as daughters, daughters-in-law, wives or mothers within normative understandings about the obligations that families have to care for their ill or dependent members. The discourse of expertise in knowing as a nurse positions nurse family members as interpreters of information for their families and observers who use their inside knowledge of how the health system works to watch over the ill person's clinical care. This expertise, which becomes visible as the exercise of professional authority in practising nursing, challenges the normative frameworks that classify and demarcate professional and lay roles in caring for the dying person. As an exploration of the complex and contradictory subjectivities of the nurse family member, this research illuminates the forms and limits of nursing practice knowledge. It shows how nursing is practised, and the identity of the nurse is created, through intellectual, political and relational work, undertaken on the self in relation to others, as modes of ethical engagement. Within this ethical engagement, nurse family members work to transform the self into discursive subjects, with the knowledge, skills and other capacities that are necessary to honour their commitments and responsibilities for care of another person. The experience of caring for their own relative transforms nurse family members' previously held values about how nurses ought to be with others in their professional work, creating a deeper sense of interest in and concern for the vulnerability of other people in palliative care.</p>

Negotiating Boundaries: The Nurse Family Member Caring for Her Own Relative in Palliative Care

<p>This research illuminates the challenges of living well within one's own family as a nurse caring for her own relative who is dying of a cancer-related illness. Developing a deeper awareness of the consequences of this caring work has been the central focus for inquiry in this research. Nursing requires epistemologies that encompass new ways of understanding how we live within our own families and communities and practice as nurses. The theoretical framework that guides this research interprets the French Philosopher Michel Foucault's (1926-1984) critical history of thought as an ethical project for nursing. It uses conceptual tools developed in his later writing and interviews to draw attention to how discursive knowledge and practices constitute subjectivity in relations of truth, power and the self's relation to the self. The first aspect of the analysis, landscapes of care examines the techniques of discourse as relations of power and knowledge that constitute nurse family members as subjects who have relationships with their own families and other health professionals. The second aspect analyses care of the self and others as self work undertaken to form the self as a particular kind of subject and achieve mastery over one's thoughts and actions. Nurses are called to care because they are present within their families with knowledge and expertise that makes a difference to how a dying relative experiences palliative care. Caring discourse positions nurses with responsibilities to their own; responsibilities that require sensitivity in knowing how to negotiate the relational spaces that constitute relationships with other family members and health professionals. Family discourse calls nurse family members to care as daughters, daughters-in-law, wives or mothers within normative understandings about the obligations that families have to care for their ill or dependent members. The discourse of expertise in knowing as a nurse positions nurse family members as interpreters of information for their families and observers who use their inside knowledge of how the health system works to watch over the ill person's clinical care. This expertise, which becomes visible as the exercise of professional authority in practising nursing, challenges the normative frameworks that classify and demarcate professional and lay roles in caring for the dying person. As an exploration of the complex and contradictory subjectivities of the nurse family member, this research illuminates the forms and limits of nursing practice knowledge. It shows how nursing is practised, and the identity of the nurse is created, through intellectual, political and relational work, undertaken on the self in relation to others, as modes of ethical engagement. Within this ethical engagement, nurse family members work to transform the self into discursive subjects, with the knowledge, skills and other capacities that are necessary to honour their commitments and responsibilities for care of another person. The experience of caring for their own relative transforms nurse family members' previously held values about how nurses ought to be with others in their professional work, creating a deeper sense of interest in and concern for the vulnerability of other people in palliative care.</p>

Neoliberalism

Neoliberalism is an international, transdisciplinary, and interdisciplinary concept with political, economic, and social dimensions. Neoliberalism is a governing rationality based on market logic that protects free markets by reducing business regulations, restricting citizen and resident welfare state protections, and increasing welfare state discipline. This entails three dimensions: First, neoliberalism consists of economic governing principles to benefit free markets both globally and domestically to the advantage of corporations and economic elites. Second, this includes concurrent state governing principles to limit welfare state protections and impose disciplinary governance so service users will be individually responsible and take up precarious work. A third component is neoliberal governmentality—the ways neoliberalism shapes society’s members through the state to govern themselves as compliant market actors. Neoliberalism is at its core a political reasoning, organizing society around principles of market rationality, from governance structure to social institutions to individual behavior in which individuals should behave as responsible and accountable market actors. Among its central tenets are that individuals should behave as independent responsible market actors; the social welfare state should be downsized and delegated to lower levels of government; and public welfare should be privatized, marketized, and commodified. While neoliberal policy design sets public provision parameters, its signature tool is to govern through state public administration. New public managerialism is a common example, as is managerialism more generally; they both borrow business management principles and apply them to the management of all aspects of social services. Because of its prescriptive nature, there is concern that neoliberalism dictates practice, threatening professional authority of social workers and challenging the implicit trust the public puts in professions. Writ large, there are concerns about democracy itself as neoliberalism works against the will of the people and collective responses to social problems. Resistance to neoliberalism is growing and early examples are provided.

Assessing the conduct of juveniles: diagnosis and delinquency, 1900–2013

American child psychiatrists have long been interested in the problems of delinquent behaviour by juveniles. With the rise of specific psychiatric diagnoses in the 1960s and 1970s, delinquent behaviour was defined within the diagnosis of conduct disorder. Like all psychiatric diagnoses, this concept was shaped by particular historical actors in context and has been highly contingent on assumptions related to race, class and gender. The history of conduct disorder illustrates the tensions in child psychiatry between the expansive goals of the field and the often limited uses of its professional authority, as well as individual children as the target of intervention and their interactions in groups.

Agent-based Modeling and Simulation of Sponsor Effecting on Group Activities

The effects of sponsor on communication group-buying are studied through agent-based modeling and simulation approach. At first, using content analysis we determine the categories and attributes of agents, then based on the Deffaunt original model, establish interaction rules of sponsor-members and member-member whose validity is verified by numerical simulation experiments. Finally, to determine sponsor’s impacts on the opinion formation in communication group-buying, the range of his eigenvalue should be modulated. Numerical simulations show that the communication group-buying can be influenced by sponsor. The interaction times can promote the formation of communication group-buying, but the influence is limited. Moreover, the sponsor’s professional authority plays a guiding role and his execution has a positive promoting effect in the formation of communication group-buying. Based on the conclusions, the enlightenment function from the perspective of consumer and business is explored.

Advice Not Safely Ignored: Professional Authority and the Strength of Legitimate Complexity

It is widely debated how ordinary citizens understand and use different types of knowledge and whether the authority of professional expertise is challenged by the spread of information. These debates underline that we know too little about how professional expertise is understood from the citizens’ point of view and how citizens decide whether or not to accept various types of expertise as authoritative. This article investigates professional authority understood as lay citizens’ willingness to follow certain types of professional advice. We argue that variation in professional authority can be explained by citizens’ evaluations of professional expertise and whether they perceive the tasks and problems addressed by professionals as having ‘legitimate complexity’. The analysis uses survey data from two countries, including vignettes on following advice in concrete everyday situations. We find legitimate complexity to be a strong predictor of professional authority although social status also plays a role.