To Evaluate Knowledge, Attitude, Practice of Natural Family Planning Method and Associated Factors among Reproductive Age Group of Women’s at Jimma Town, Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia

Background: The high fertility rate leading to the rapid growth of country’s population is a major hindrance towards the development of a nation. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest fertility rate in the world, which is further promoted by the low utilization of contraceptive methods. Yet, many communities claim to have natural methods of family planning that pre-date the introduction of modern contraceptives, implying that contraception is a culturally acceptable norm. Objective: To Evaluate the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Natural family planning among reproductive age women of Jimma town, Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods: Across sectional community based quantitative study was done in Jimma town, among reproductive age group women from February to March; 2020. A total of3 99 sample size is calculated using single population proportion formula with a proportion (P) of 50 %.Systematic random sampling technique issued to draw the study participants among the target population. The data was collected using structured questionnaire adapted from similar and the tools modified to fit the local context. The collected data was tallied and analyzed by using scientific calculator. Results: From the total of 399 respondents who responded the questionnaire Majority, 90% of women in Jimma town had a good level of knowledge of natural family planning methods. A positive attitude towards natural family planning methods was seen in (68%) of the respondents. Conclusion: A fair level of knowledge of natural family planning methods is seen among reproductive women in Jimma town, yet differences in knowledge of specific natural family planning methods exist. Therefore, physicians and other health care providers‟ limited knowledge of and experience with Natural family planning methods inhibits broader use as reproductive age women reported getting information about NFFP methods from health providers and friends, therefore, their level of knowledge will depend largely on the information received.

Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Leptospira interrogans Serogroup Sejroe Serovar Hardjo in Dairy Farms in and around Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted on selected dairy farms in and around Jimma town, Oromia, southwestern Ethiopia from November 2019 to May 2020 to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo (L. hardjo). Furthermore, information was gathered on individual animal and herd level by using pretested semistructured questionnaire to assess associated risk factors. A stratified and simple random sampling procedure was used for the selection of dairy farms and individual animal’s, respectively. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) was used in this study to detect antibody against L. hardjo. Out of 384 animal’s sera, 94 animals were seropositive against L. hardjo antibodies. From 77 dairy farms selected for the study, 57 of them were distinguished as positive for L. hardjo. The overall seroprevalence of leptospirosis caused by L. hardjo was 24.48% (95% CI: 20.18%–28.78%) and 74.03% (95% CI: 64.23%–83.82%) at individual animal and farm level, respectively. The result of multilogistic regression analysis revealed that management system ( p < 0.05; OR = 4.25 (95% CI: 2.31–7.82)), hygienic status of the farm ( p < 0.05; OR = 0.35 (95% CI: 0.20–0.61)), age of animals ( p < 0.05; OR = 8.30 (95% CI: 1.87–36.89)), history of abortion ( p < 0.05; OR = 8.37 (95% CI: 1.73–40.42)), herd size ( p < 0.05; OR = 2.32 (95% CI: 1.17–4.61)), and access of rodents to the farm ( p < 0.05; OR = 0.17 (95% CI: 0.03–0.86)) were significantly associated with the occurrence of L. hardjo infection. However, breed, parity, and introduction of new animals to the farm were insignificantly associated ( p > 0.05). Management system of the animal, hygienic status of the farm, herd size, age of animals, previous history of abortion, and access of rodents to the farm were identified as potential risk factors of L. hardjo disease occurrence. Thus, limiting rodents contact with cattle and their feed and water as well as good sanitary practices and husbandry management should be undertaken.