Improvement of test methods and criteria for evaluation of resistance to flame propagation of long elements of the wiring system

The test methods for flame propagation of long elements of the electrical wiring system, in particular, cables, cable conduits and ducts, are analyzed, and differences in them are found in the test conditions and criteria for evaluating the resistance to flame propagation. Using a substrate of a wooden board covered with a layer of tissue paper with an areal density of (21±9) g/m2, adopted for testing other elements of the electrical wiring system, a cable was identified that is not resistant to flame propagation. It is proposed to use this substrate for testing the flame propagation of cables instead of a substrate made of a double layer of filter paper with a surface density of (80±15) g/m2. In one of three experiments, a cable that was not resistant to flame propagation was found based on the criterion of the presence of ignition of the substrate located under it. To reduce the risk of making an incorrect decision on compliance, it is proposed that the assessment of long elements of the wiring system be carried out according to the rules established for cable ducts, trays and ladders in EN 50085-1 and IEC 61537. For the AVVG cable with an outer diameter of 10 mm to 60 mm, when it touches the blue flame cone of 1 kW, the correlation coefficient of the dependence of the length of the charred part on the diameter was 0.969. For a distance of 100 mm between the sample and the burner along its axis, a correlation coefficient of 0.985 was obtained. It is proposed to test cables under the second condition recommended in IEC 60695-11-2. For two conduits, flame propagation was revealed when exposed to a 1 kW flame for 120 s and 240 s. However, for these pipelines, flame propagation did not occur under standard conditions of exposure to such a flame for 20 s and 25 s. To identify long elements of the wiring system that are not resistant to flame propagation, it is proposed to test them at a duration of exposure to a flame of 1 kW, established for cables in IEC 60332-1-2

MENAIKKAN PERFORMA UNIT BULLDOZER D155-6R DENGAN PERBAIKAN SISTEM MAINTENANCE DI DISTRIK SANGATA KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Plant Bintang adalah salah satu departemen di bawah PT PPN yang bertanggung jawab melaksanakan perawatan alat berat, diantaranya Bulldozer, Small Excavator, dan unit Articulated. KOMATSU Bulldozer D155-6 adalah salah satu unit yang dituntut harus dalam performa terbaik untuk mendukung pencapaian produksi batubara. Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya terdapat KPI (Key Performance Indicator) yang dibebankan kepada department tersebut yaitu angka kerusakan yang tidak terjadwal (unschedule breakdown) maksimal sebesar 10%. Dari data yang diperoleh, target kerusakan yang tidak terjadwal di Section Track Dozer, khususnya pada unit D155-6R masih melebihi target maksimal. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah kerusakan yang sering muncul pada sistem lampu sehingga unit tidak dapat beroperasi karena menyangkut faktor keamanan kerja. Berdasarkan analisis tulang ikan (fish bone) perlu dilakukan modifikasi pada sistem perkabelan (wiring system) dan juga perbaikan pada sistem pengecekan elektrik saat dilakukan proses maintenance. Dengan melakukan modifikasi tersebut maka kerusakan yang tidak terjadwal (unschedule breakdown) turun menjadi 3.2%

Design of Autonomous Protection Scheme based on Laser Mesh for Road Crossing & Agriculture Farm Crossing Transmission Line

From earlier days to now for electric current transmission heavy voltage lines are commonly used but as number of residential people, societies, are increasing day by day so the installing and maintenance of that wiring system is tough task. This may cause many accidents in residential areas as well as roads, farms etc. and this may also cause death of persons. So to overcome from this situation Laser Based Technology is introduced and it looks like great advantage from last many decades. This technology used in several parts like Medical Sciences, Military, Industries and many more. The idea is to provide a laser based smart system to detect such conditions and send failure & alert signal to control station. The system consists, LASER and LDR based sensor array to check minimum clearance for overhead conductor. In any uncertain condition or accidental condition signal will sent by radio frequency. Complete system is based on Solar and it can be easily mount on electric towers.

Smart Electric Sensing in Infrastructure

Smart homes utilize advanced systems to bring comfort and convenience to our living experiences. Most of the current frameworks are now trying to move towards automation such as smart homes, smart warehouses. This paper focuses on monitoring the wiring system of modern infrastructure as it is very important while moving into advanced systems. In order to reduce the labour involved in replacement of wires from the main board when fault occurs due to overload, short-circuit, arcing, equipment failure. we have provided a model called SESI, Smart Electric Sensing in Infrastructure, which uses the transistors and the Arduino to find the faults in the electric system. Although, many measures have been taken in smart homes to conserve electricity, there is no means to monitor them. Monitoring them would help us to conserve it more efficiently and also reduces the risk of fire accident

Engaging youths in skill development through network system wiring workshop in rural area

<span>Nowadays, youths underuse their time, energy and creativity in a vast number of other activities, which lead to almost nothing in return. Thus, to fully utilise their huge potential of skills and abilities is by offering productive ways to attract young people in educational-related activities. This paper is presenting the community project on the network wiring system workshop that has been conducted for the young generation at Kg. Serting Ulu, Simpang Pertang Jempol, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The aim of participating in this project is to deliver the knowledge base and develop skills in technology and engineering. In addition, it is also intended to develop interpersonal skills, communication and lifelong learning as well as to increase the ability of a young generation to generate a side income by venturing into entrepreneurship field. Participants in this network system wiring workshop were exposed to a multitude of basic installation and wiring techniques in which they were able to shape their personalities with the advantage of acquired technology and engineering skills. As a result, the return on investment (RoI) and social return on investment (SRoI) targets for the workshop can be achieved. It was conducted at a rural area named as Kampung Serting Ulu, Simpang Pertang Jempol, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. </span>