First record of the terrestrial predatory leech, Orobdella kawakatsuorum Richardson, 1975 (Clitellata, Hirudinea, Erpobdelliformes), from Moneron Island, Sakhalin Oblast, Russia

The terrestrial predatory leech of the genus Orobdella Oka, 1895 is recorded for the first time from Moneron Island, which is located southwest of Sakhalin, Russia. Morphological characteristics of the Moneron Orobdella clarify its taxonomic identification as O. kawakatsuorum Richardson, 1975, which is indigenous to Hokkaido Island in the Japanese Archipelago. The occurrence data extends the northernmost range of the genus Orobdella and shows that the leech fauna is shared between Moneron Island and Hokkaido.

LANDSCAPE GEOSYSTEMS OF THE SAKHALIN LINK OF THE END-CONTINENTAL LANDSCAPE BELT OF PACIFIC RUSSIA

Based on the analysis and synthesis of inter-component and inter-landscape correlation, considering deep roots of pericontinental dichotomy, orographic, climatic, and phyto-vegetative factors, the nature is reflected as an average-scale model of Sakhalin Oblast. It includes individual landscapes, types, kinds, subclasses, classes, districts, provinces and territories. The regional landscape differentiation and organization of the natural environment was mapped at the scale of 1: 500,000. The obtained data can be used for a multistage analysis of correlations among landscape geosystems different in scale (global, regional, local) and structure. On the whole, the organized system is a basic model aimed at various natural interrelations in the Sakhalin Oblast in Pacific pericontinental landscape belt. Application of this kind of geosystem model through the landscape method and on condition of continuing geosystem studies is of great potential for solving of numerous various tasks, including nature use, environmental, management, forecasting etc.

Новые данные о лишайниках рода Umbilicaria Hoffm. с островов Парамушир и Сахалин

The paper presents the new data on lichen of the genus Umbilicaria Hoffm. from Paramushir and Sakhalin islands. Six species from Paramushir Island are presented; four ( Umbilicaria cylindrica, U. deusta, U. hyperborea, and U. torrefacta) are recorded in Paramushir for the first time. One more species, U. muhlenbergii, collected from ancient inselbergs on the Tonin-Aniva Peninsula, Sakhalin, was registered in the island for the first time. Three of the species discussed ( Umbilicaria deusta, U. muhlenbergii, and U. hyperborea) are new for Sakhalin Oblast. Brief descriptions, localities and photos are presented for the reported species.

General and intraregional trends and priorities of socio-economic development in Sakhalin oblast

The article describes the features of the socio-economic situation of Sakhalin Oblast, its development trends since the 1990s, both general and territorially differentiated ones. The economic and geographical position of the region with allocation of conditional market zones, including foreign destinations, is considered. Data on the state and dynamics of the main socio-economic indicators of the region, as well as its place in the Far Eastern Federal District by these indicators are provided. The dynamics of the population of the region is shown. The oil and gas industry and gas processing make a basis of the modern economy of the region that stipulates high values of the socio-economic indicators. Favorable and unfavorable factors that can affect the long-term development of the region are highlighted. The comparison of Sakhalin Oblast with other constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out using the proposed integral coefficient of the ratio of socio-economic indicators. The levels of the development in all municipal districts were assessed by 7 different socio-economic indicators. The large territorial differences in nearly all individual socio-economic indicators were revealed. Based on the scoring of all socio-economic indicators, the districts were grouped according to their general level of the development. These assessments also showed significant intra-district socio- economic differentiation. Taking into account a number of available favorable prerequisites, the regional development program and scientific proposals for diversification of the economic development of the region, the priority economic activities were summarized; and the role of the territories of advanced development (TADs) being created in the region was shown. Some conclusions were made about the role of the prerequisites in location of priority activities in many areas of the region.

Peculiarities of acute viral respiratory infections pathogens epidemiology and circulation in some regions of the Russian Far East during two epidemic seasons (2017-2018 and 2018- 2019 years)

Aim. To reveal peculiarities of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) incidence among population of the Far Eastern Federal District depending on viral etiology during two epidemic seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019). Materials and methods. Method of epidemiological analysis by means of ARVI incidence with weekly epidemic thresholds as utilized. Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory viruses was carried out by applying RT-PCR method and test-kits of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology. In order to determine relations between ARVI incidence and viral etiological structure of ARVI correlation and regression analysis was performed. Results. Identical epidemical tendencies with differences in ARVI incidence intensity were registered in the evaluated constituent entities of the Russian Far East. Utmost intensity of epidemic process was revealed in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) and Sakhalin Oblast. In the south regions (Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krai, Amur Oblast) ARVI incidence, occasionally excessing epidemic threshold was lower. Territorial and time irregularity is peculiar for etiology of infections in the Russian Far East. During the epidemic season of 2017-2018 statistically significant prevalence was determined for the influenza virus B in Primorsky and Khabarovsk Krai, influenza virus A(H3N2) ‒ in the Sakhalin Oblast, respiratory syncytial virus ‒ in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia), rhinoviruses were dominant in the Amur Oblast. During the 2018-2019 epidemic season influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 was mostly prevalent in most of the constituent entities of the Russian Far East. Compared to the other regions of the Far Eastern Federal District in the Amur Oblast were revealed differences in circulation of respiratory viruses predominantly of non-influenza origin during two observed epidemic seasons. Conclusion. Constant evaluation of ARVI epidemics under the conditions of constantly changing landscape of circulating viruses in a particular region can be useful for determination of strategies and tactics of epidemiological response.

Schizothecium vesticola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

A description is provided for Schizothecium vesticola, a dung-inhabiting fungus. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Algeria, Morocco)), North America (Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon), Mexico, USA (Alaska, Colorado, Idaho, New York, Utah, Washington, Wyoming), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Falkland Islands/Malvinas), Arctic Ocean (Denmark (Greenland), Norway (Svalbard)), Asia (Iraq, Pakistan, Russia (Sakhalin Oblast)), Atlantic Ocean (Spain (Canary Islands), St Helena), Australasia (Australia (South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia), New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark (including Faroe Islands), Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy (including Sicily), Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Krasnodar Krai, Moscow Oblast, Yaroslavl Oblast), Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK)).

Acrospermum compressum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

A description is provided for Acrospermum compressum, which is saprobic on dead herbaceous stems. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nunavut, Ontario, Quebec)), USA (Alabama, California, DC, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin), Central America (Costa Rica), South America (Brazil (Bahia, Goias, Mato Grosso, Rio Grande do Sul), Colombia), Arctic Ocean (Denmark (Greenland)), Asia (China, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan (Almaty Oblast, East Kazakhstan), Pakistan, Russia (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Primorsky Krai, Sakha Republic, Sakhalin Oblast)), Australasia (New Zealand), Caribbean (Cuba), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia (Kursk Oblast, Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).

Calycina herbarum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

A description is provided for Calycina herbarum. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, economic impacts, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Morocco, Sao Tome and Principe), North America (Canada (British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario, Quebec), USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Massachussetts, Michigan, Minneapolis, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming)), South America (Argentina, Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Chile, Colombia), Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, China (Anhui, Beijing, Qinghai), Republic of Georgia, India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand), Japan, Kazakhstan (Almaty Oblast, East Kazakhstan), Nepal, Philippines, Russia (Kamchatka Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Primorsky Krai, Sakhalin Oblast), South Korea, Turkey), Australasia (Australia (Victoria)), Europe (Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Smolensk Oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).

Cyathicula coronata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

A description is provided for Cyathicula coronata, found on dead herbaceous stems, sometimes also on woody twigs; soft fleshy cream-coloured superficial cup-shaped ascomata on slender stalks, with prominent teeth, looking like a crown around the disc, and ascospores longer than 14 μm. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, economic impacts, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (Canada (British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario, Quebec), Mexico, USA (Georgia, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Washington)), South America (Venezuela), Asia (Armenia, China (Beijing, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Ningxia, Qinghai, Sichuan), India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand), Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan), Russia (Altai Krai, Magadan Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast), South Korea, Taiwan, Turkey), Australasia (New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Russia (Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).

Calloria urticae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

A description is provided for Calloria urticae. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (North America (USA (Delaware, Georgia, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, Wisconsin)) Asia, (Armenia, Republic of Georgia, Kazakhstan (Almaty Oblast, East Kazakhstan), Russia (Altai Krai, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Primorsky Krai, Sakhalin Oblast)), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Arkhangelsk Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, Kursk Oblast, Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, Smolensk Oblast, Vladimir Oblast), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK)).