Conceptual Solution Decision Based on Rough Sets and Shapley Value for Product-Service System: Customer Value-Economic Objective Trade-Off Perspective

The product service system (PSS), as a design concept for integrated products and services, needs to be evaluated in the early design stage to maximize the value for stakeholders of the PSS concept, which is a crucial task for enterprises. However, existing methods focus on the ranking and value assessment of PSS evaluation criteria (e.g., quality, sustainability, cost), ignoring the needs conflict between customer value and economic objectives in PSS design, resulting in decision results that are not applicable to industrial enterprises. Furthermore, the influence of weight preference and uncertain information on solution evaluation is seldom considered when calculating the weight of each criterion. To fill this gap, integrating rough sets and the Shapley value decision approach for product-service system design considering customer value-economic objective trade-off is proposed, which mainly includes two parts: firstly, the best worst method (BWM) and the entropy weight method are integrated to obtain the comprehensive weight of evaluation criteria in the customer value and economic objectives; secondly, the Shapley value method in the coalition game is used to solve the optimal expectation allocation of the two objectives, so as to select the solution closest to the allocation, i.e., the optimal solution. In addition, rough set techniques are used to capture and integrate subjective assessment information originating from DMs under uncertainty. Finally, a case study of the electric forklift design is illustrated to verify the proposed decision model. The decision results show that this approach is more reliable through sensitivity and comparison analysis, and provide a valuable recommendation for enterprises to consider product service in forklift design.

TO CALCULATION OF THE OPTIMAL DEGREE OF DAMAGE TO A BUILDING BY SEISMIC IMPACT

Дана постановка задачи по расчету оптимальной степени поврждения здания при сейсмическом воздействии. Условие оптимизационного расчета записано в виде вероятностно-экономической целевой функции, где начальные затраты на антисейсмическое усиление здания уравновешиваются с вероятностыми потерями, связанными с наступлением той или иной степени повреждения здания. Вероятность безотказности здания, соответствующая данному уравновешенному состоянию, названа оптимальной надежностью, а степень повреждения - оптимальной степенью повреждения. Всего в соответствии со шкалой MSK-64 рассмотрены 5 степеней повреждения. Последовательности переходов из одних состояний повреждения в другие представлены в виде простейшего Марковского потока с непрерывным временем и дискретными состояниями. Составлены дифференциальные уравнения процесса переходов и представлены их общие решения. В случае если последствия наступленияопределенной степени повреждения здания носят как экономический, так и неэкономическией характер, предложено, исходя из зависимости расчета экономических потерь и затрат от повышения надежности до высоких уровней и показателя нормативного уровня надежности здания, определенного по предлагаемому в литературе выражению, принять решения о допустимой степени повреждения здания. The problem statement is given for calculating the optimal degree of damage to a building under seismic impact. The condition of the optimization calculation is written in the form of a probabilistic-economic objective function, where the initial costs for antiseismic strengthening of the building are balanced with the probabilistic losses associated with the onset of one or another degree of damage to the building. The probability of a building's reliability, corresponding to a given balanced state, is called the optimal reliability, and the degree of damage is called the optimal degree of damage. In total, in accordance with the MSK-64 scale, 5 degrees of damage are considered. Sequences of transitions from one damage state to another are presented in the form of the simplest Markov flow with continuous time and discrete states. Differential equations of the transition process are compiled and their general solutions are presented. If the consequences of the onset of a certain degree of damage to the building are both economic and non-economic in nature, it is proposed, based on the dependence of the calculation of economic losses and costs from increasing reliability to high levels and the indicator of the standard level of building reliability, determined according to the expression proposed in the literature, to make decisions on permissible degree of damage to the building.

Impact of draw velocity profile on footprint definition for primary rock

In block/panel caving mines the footprint geometry and the undercut level height are key planning elements that have a bearing on the project final value. Selection of these parameters obviously depends on the economic objective, but it is also strongly influenced by rock mass characteristics that define column extraction capacity from draw points. This paper presents a simple methodology that allows defining the footprint and the best height of draw (BHOD) based on column extraction velocities, which are defined with the aim of controlling mass rock dynamic response while caving is propagated. The proposed methodology can be used by industry because of the ease of application. A study case is presented for a block model which is evaluated by both the proposed methodology and nominal profit estimation.

Optimal energy management of microgrid based on multi-parameter dynamic programming

With the wide application of microgrid system, fluctuation and randomness are the characteristics of distributed generation output. The traditional energy management system can’t meet the requirements to ensure the security and stability of the grid. The microgrid energy management is of great significance to the stable operation of power grid. In order to obtain higher economic benefits and pay less environmental costs, reasonable scheduling of various distributed power sources is able to achieve this goal. In this article, microgrid energy management including distributed generation is studied. The objective function includes the economic objective and the environmental objective. The model of energy management is considered as a multi-objectives and multi-parametric optimization problem. The multi-parameter dynamic programming is used to optimize the energy management of microgrid. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed method is examined by the simulation studies.

Towards Developing Standards for the Zakat Administration in the Republic of Sudan

Zakat has a long history of helping poor and disadvantaged groups. However, Zakat institutions face numerous challenges in achieving their socio-economic objective: equitable distribution of resources. The aim of this study is to highlight the challenges hindering managerial efficiency in contemporary Zakat institutions as well as identify ways to improve managerial efficiency. Focusing the case on Sudan, this paper identifies the constraints facing the Zakat institution, from the macro perspective as well as from the managerial viewpoint. By using secondary sources, this paper found that inefficiencies such as ineffective collection and distribution, lack of coordination and mismanagement are some of the impediments causing inefficiency of Zakat collection and distribution. Furthermore, the paper suggests that standards constitute an instrument for the Zakat intuition to manage and enhance its efficiency as well as having the ability to guide Zakat in the right direction.

Democratic firms and economic success. The co-op model

This paper analyzes how co-operative principles, particularly democratic management, affect the co-op’s economic objective. The theoretical model specifies the characteristics presented by the production function so democracy generates positive net income. Costs derived from maintaining the one person one vote criterion are explicitly incorporated into this function upon new membership. The results show that democracy contributes to the economic success when the decision-making strategy followed by the partners considers all cooperative principles, especially when a retained earnings policy is regularly applied. This study can be extended to all of Social Economy firms concerned about reinforcing democratic institutions through the business sector. This study can be extended to all of Social Economy firms concerned about reinforcing democratic institutions through the business sector.

Economic Health-Aware LPV-MPC Based on System Reliability Assessment for Water Transport Network

This paper proposes a health-aware control approach for drinking water transport networks. This approach is based on an economic model predictive control (MPC) that considers an additional goal with the aim of extending the components and system reliability. The components and system reliability are incorporated into the MPC model using a Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) modeling approach. The MPC controller uses additionally an economic objective function that determines the optimal filling/emptying sequence of the tanks considering that electricity price varies between day and night and that the demand also follows a 24-h repetitive pattern. The proposed LPV-MPC control approach allows considering the model nonlinearities by embedding them in the parameters. The values of these varying parameters are updated at each iteration taking into account the new values of the scheduling variables. In this way, the optimization problem associated with the MPC problem is solved by means of Quadratic Programming (QP) to avoid the use of nonlinear programming. This iterative approach reduces the computational load compared to the solution of a nonlinear optimization problem. A case study based on the Barcelona water transport network is used for assessing the proposed approach performance.