Modelling the growth of rearing cattle

Scientific growth literature often uses the models of Brody, Gompertz, Verhulst, and von Bertalanffy. The versatile five-parameter Bertalanffy-Pütter (BP) model generalizes them. Using the least-squares method, we fitted the BP model to mass-at-age data of 161 calves, cows, bulls, and oxen of cattle breeds that are common in Austria and Southern Germany. We used three measures to assess the goodness of fit: R-squared, normalized root-mean squared error, and the Akaike information criterion together with a correction for sample size. Although the BP model improved the fit of the linear growth model considerably in terms of R-squared, the better fit did not, in general, justify the use of its additional parameters, because most of the data had a non-sigmoidal character. In terms of the Akaike criterion, we could identify only a small core of data (15%) where sigmoidal models were indispensable.

Growth rates of modern science: a latent piecewise growth curve approach to model publication numbers from established and new literature databases

Growth of science is a prevalent issue in science of science studies. In recent years, two new bibliographic databases have been introduced, which can be used to study growth processes in science from centuries back: Dimensions from Digital Science and Microsoft Academic. In this study, we used publication data from these new databases and added publication data from two established databases (Web of Science from Clarivate Analytics and Scopus from Elsevier) to investigate scientific growth processes from the beginning of the modern science system until today. We estimated regression models that included simultaneously the publication counts from the four databases. The results of the unrestricted growth of science calculations show that the overall growth rate amounts to 4.10% with a doubling time of 17.3 years. As the comparison of various segmented regression models in the current study revealed, models with four or five segments fit the publication data best. We demonstrated that these segments with different growth rates can be interpreted very well, since they are related to either phases of economic (e.g., industrialization) and/or political developments (e.g., Second World War). In this study, we additionally analyzed scientific growth in two broad fields (Physical and Technical Sciences as well as Life Sciences) and the relationship of scientific and economic growth in UK. The comparison between the two fields revealed only slight differences. The comparison of the British economic and scientific growth rates showed that the economic growth rate is slightly lower than the scientific growth rate.

Generic Yoga Modules for Clinical and Research Settings—Need of the Hour

ABSTRACT Yoga-based interventions offer significant promise in healthcare. However, meta-analyses of various yoga trials suggest that comparisons of trials are either not possible or difficult due to heterogeneity in therapeutic yoga interventions. Also, in view of emerging evidence for the role of therapeutic yoga, it is important to identify the specificity and validity of various yoga components being used in different trials. Efforts in this direction will be fruitful only if a systematic approach is adopted to develop yoga programs for various ailments. In this article, we emphasize the need for a “generic yoga” concept for designing a therapeutic yoga program for particular health issues, with the objectives of promoting scientific growth of therapeutic applications of yoga and widespread application of standardized therapeutic yoga programs within a biomedical framework. This generic therapeutic yoga will essentially highlight the development-validation process of uncopyrighted yoga programs; their components, benefits, and possible side-effects; and requirement for need-based modifications.

The Concept of an Imperial City in The Modern Global World

Research background: The author analyzes the phenomenon of cultural identity of the city and its cultural and economic aspects which allows us to create the concept of the Imperial city, and analyze its relationship with its own historical background and ideas about the global city. Structural analysis of modern ideas about the Imperial city allows us to ensure a strong urban brand and influences its global competitiveness. Purpose of the article: The article is devoted to the problem of forming strong brands of certain territories, in particular, Imperial cities, and their impact on the competitiveness of the region. Methods: The multidisciplinary approach to the analysis of a chosen phenomenon combining economic-statistical and cultural-philosophical methods to assess the mutual influence of the city’s globality and its Imperia concept on the formation of its distinctive ecnomically strong brand. Findings & Value added: The analysis showed that a new understanding of the phenomenon of the Imperial city, strengthening its brand, increasing recognition in the world and close ties with cultural dominants allows the Imperial cities to attract significant financial investments and improve their competitive position at the global market. As a scientific growth, the author can consider the influence of the Imperial city concept on the structure of the formation of a successful urban brand of a territory. The author proposes the new methodology for assessing the brand value of the Imperial City.

Impact of COVID-19 and Related Forced Digitalization Processes on the Competitiveness of Higher Education Institutions and Organizations

Research background: One of the areas that has undergone major changes in the processes of its activities and has had a strong impact on the change in social institutions is the field of education. The sharp transition to distance education and a number of technical, informational and human problems led to a significant complication of educational and other processes (scientific, innovative, entrepreneurial, etc.). Purpose of the article: The article raises the problem of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on global social and public institutions. The purpose of the article is to identify the factors of ensuring the competitiveness of universities, as the least protected by state support, in the context of forced digitalization against the background of the covid-19 pandemic. Methods: The paper uses mechanisms for assessing the competitiveness of universities in the new reality of the pandemic and its consequences, implemented on the basis of a modified McKinsey matrix and matrix algorithms for evaluating priority vectors. Findings & Value added: The analysis showed that the universities that have the greatest independence in the system face the greatest difficulties in carrying out their activities in the context of a pandemic. As scientific growth can be considered, the results of the analysis of the transition to distance learning processes that have combined higher education systems in different countries, and if earlier most universities competed at the regional or country level, now they are forced to enter into global competition with foreign universities.

Comprehensive Survey of Plagiarism in Iran

Background and Objective: We conducted this study to assess the prevalence of plagiarism and to shed light on some dark aspects of this issue. The main objectives included to find out the etiology, prevalence, and detection of various forms plagiarism. Methods: In this Cross-sectional study we used a questionnaire, face-to-face interview, analyzing the present notifications and codes, websites, and literature review. The current study was conducted throughout Iran from 2017-2018. Those associated with scientific journalism, academic staffs, and authors were interviewed or asked to fill out a prepared questionnaire. Results: Nine hundred seventy nine questionnaires were circulated. Out of this 706 (72.1%) were completed and returned. Those with a master degree were most cooperative in filling out the questionnaires (36.4%); followed by Assistant Professors (29.6%). About 74.1% of respondents, had not participated in any educational workshops on plagiarism (P<0.001) while 10.8% had not heard anything about plagiarism (P<0.001). As regards correct reply as for definition and detecting plagiarism; 91.1%, 40.8%, 48.4% and 57.9% could reply correctly (P<0.001). Forty-one-point one percent of the participants believed that reprimand would be the best punishment. The percentage of plagiarism as per people associated in journal administration, was 22.9%; based on experts’ opinions, it was 30.0%; and based on analysis of some journals published in Iran, it was 25.5%. Conclusion: We found a noticeable prevalence of plagiarism in Iran. Many factors are involved in this misconduct; most important being the need for academic staff and students to publish e more papers regardless of their quality to meet some of the academic requirements. Considering the high rank of Iran in terms of scientific growth worldwide, it is expected from the regulatory authorities to monitor all aspects of scientific misconducts in medical journalism. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3456 How to cite this:Rokni MB, Bizhani N, Habibzadeh F, Farhud DD, Mohammadi N, Alizadeh A, et al. Comprehensive Survey of Plagiarism in Iran. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3456 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Postgraduate student and his dissertation: potential and risks of defense

In this paper, the authors attempted to answer the question about the reasons for the unsatisfactory state of learning outcomes in graduate school. A multidimensional typology of graduate students was carried out (using the example of Dubna State University) using cluster analysis with preliminary factor analysis. The authors identified the key latent factors: interaction with the supervisor, sociocultural potential, organization of work on the thesis, career opportunities underlying the cluster model. Inside the graduate community, there are four internally homogeneous clusters: “depressed”, “resource”, “disappointed”, and “random”. It is shown that the most promising from the point of view of scientific “growth” and the defense of the thesis are graduate students of the second group – “resource”. At the same time, the strongest motivational factors that act as a guarantor of the successful completion of postgraduate studies and defending a thesis are still the established interaction with the supervisor and interest in the research topic - the traditional “values” of any graduate student.

TUGAS 6 SINTA AMELIA(ADM PTK 2)

Guidance or development of educational staff is an effort to empower, advance and improve the work productivity of every teaching staff that exists at all levels of organizational management and education levels. The purpose of this pembianaan activity is the growth of the ability of each educational staff which includes scientific growth, insight into thinking, attitudes towards work and skills in carrying out daily tasks so that work productivity can be increased. Career guidance for educational staff includes promotions and positions based on work performance and improvement in discipline. The coaching here is all efforts to advance and improve the quality, expertise, abilities, and skills, for the smooth implementation of educational tasks.