Development of Early Warning and Evacuation System for Multi-Density Facilities in Case of Fire

Multi-density facilities with relatively large number of resident occupants and visitors can face large-scale casualties in the event of disasters such as a fire. In addition, such disasters may cause additional damage by inducing social anxiety regarding various protection measures of the buildings, such as their safety management systems. This study was aimed at developing an early warning and evacuation system to minimize casualties in multi-density facilities in case of a fire. In particular, smoke and heat detectors, which are widely used, were utilized to establish an early warning system for old multi-density facilities with relatively poor safety management systems. For the purpose of evacuation following the early warning, an online platform-based ‘Fire Safety Management’ system was established to deliver appropriate action tips to all occupants according to the four risk stages of a fire.

Operational algorithm for a heat detector used in motor vehicles

In most cases, fixed temperature heat detectors are used to detect fire in vehicles. The response parameter of such detectors is constant. The time of fire detection by a fire detector, as well as the probability of its false operation, are affected by heat flux from an internal combustion engine. This paper reports the development and investigation of an operational algorithm of the fixed-dynamic heat detectors with variable response parameters. Depending on the temperature influence exerted by engine operation modes, a given algorithm automatically changes a value of the minimal static response temperature of a detector, as well as value of the rate of rise in the temperature of its response. The experimental results showed that in the initial period of engine operation, the temperature change rate in the engine compartment fluctuates and is the largest. It can exceed 290 °С/min. However, regardless of the type of vehicle and the type of engine, when the temperature reaches technological, the temperature change rate would vary within small limits, approximately 30÷50 °С/min. The study results from the Simulink software package (USA) in the MATLAB programming environment (USA) confirm the effectiveness of the programmed operational algorithm of a thermal fire detector. The developed algorithm of a fire detector's operation makes it possible to detect the fire at an early stage and reduce the cases of the device's false response. The fire detector responded to both the maximal and dynamic components. As regards the maximal component, the proposed detector is triggered about 2.3 times faster than the classic maximal thermal fire detector. Detection of fire at an early stage makes it possible to quickly use the fire extinguishing system

DB Construction of Activation Temperature and Response Time Index for Domestic Fixed-temperature Heat Detectors in Ceiling Jet Flow

The accurate prediction of fire detector activation time is required to ensure the reliability of fire modeling during the safety assessment of performance-based fire safety design. The main objective of this study is to determine the activation temperature and the response time index (RTI) of a fixed heat detector, which are the main input factors of a fixed-temperature heat detector applied to the fire dynamics simulator (FDS), a typical fire model. Therefore, a fire detector evaluator, which is a fire detector experimental apparatus, was applied, and 10 types of domestic fixed-temperature heat detectors were selected through a product recognition survey. It was found that there were significant differences in the activation temperature and RTI among the detectors. Additionally, the detector activation time of the FDS with the measured DB can be predicted more accurately. Finally, the DB of the activation temperature and RTI of the fixed-temperature heat detectors with reliability was provided.

SMOKE AND HEAT DETECTORS ARRANGEMENT IN HALLWAYS

Fire protection systems present very complex real time systems that comprehend many different parts. Fire detectors present one of those parts. Fire detectors could be divided on several different ways depended on criteria. Very frequently used detectors in many fire protection systems were heat and smoke detectors. Their main role is to detect fire at early stage. Their number and arrangement in object is strictly regulated by proper standards. For some cases, there were certain differences between standards. This paper has written to show the potential arrangement of smoke and heat detectors in object with hallways realized by simulation in PyroSim 2012 simulator. Key words: detector, arrangement, simulation