Az egyház mint egykori birtokos a magyar helynevekben

Hungarian place names reflecting former ecclesiastical possession. Summary of a habilitation dissertation The dissertation discusses the linguistic and onomastic features of a culturally motivated name type, i.e. place names reflecting (former) ecclesiastical possession. With the advent and spread of Christianity in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, buildings and estates belonging to the Church were erected and named accordingly. Many such place names have been preserved to the present day and new ones could also emerge based on analogy. The first chapter of the thesis describes how the changes in the geographical landscape influenced the contemporary linguistic landscape and, eventually, the place naming patterns of the language. Chapter Two focuses on the historical background: how the church system and the institutions of the monastic orders were established in Medieval Hungary and sustained in later centuries. Chapter Three enumerates the sources from which the relevant place names were gathered and explains the setup of the database that served as a basis of the analysis. Chapter Four provides a comprehensive description of the collected name forms with respect to lexical, morphological, syntactic, motivational and denotative features, according to the classical periods in the history of the Hungarian language. Chapter Five discovers the trends in the development of the name forms concerning time, space and use. The dissertation adopts the viewpoint and ideas popularized in place name studies by functional cognitive linguistics.

Névterekkel az egységes névkezelés felé

Name spaces for unified name management Due to the large amount of data available in online databases and the catalogues of public collections, there is now a legitimate need to find all name and written variants of the same proper name or common name connected to a primary name form, with all the relevant information and features, in a central interface, being able to see the connections among them. This need is fulfilled by so called name spaces, which are online semantic systems and structured dictionaries of mostly personal and place names. The paper describes the general characteristics of name spaces and then presents two global name spaces: the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) and GeoNames. Finally, outlining the situation in Hungary, the paper presents a local name space, that of the Petőfi Literary Museum, and provides an outlook on the upcoming National Name Space.

Az európai névföldrajzi kutatások és digitális névadatbázisok az online térben

Online European name-geographic research and digital databases. An international overview This paper aims to provide an overview of public online databases that show the geographical distribution of surnames or place names in European languages. Such repositories contain primarily surnames as theese are of interest outside scientific research as well. The paper categorizes and describes the websites (French, Italian, Dutch, Finnish, etc.) based on their functions and search options, including the limited (paywalled) data repositories. In a separate section, we the project of the German surname atlas and digital surname dictionary is detailed, as it also presents the geographical distribution of surnames and its structure and elaboration can serve as an example for Hungarian research. The Swiss online toponymic database is described detail of the fewer, scientific toponymic databases. Finally, a selection of the results of Hungarian surname and place name geography is offered, mainly by reviewing the online access and practical functions of available databases, and by presenting possible future plans and possibilities.

A tulajdonnevek fordítása – funkcionális, névelméleti megközelítésben I.

The translation of proper names – a functional, onomastic theoretical approach I. Features of names as factors influencing translation The paper examines the questions surrounding the translation of proper nouns from an onomastic viewpoint blended with the results of translation studies, following a functional-communicational approach. Its goal is to create a model, which contains not only the applicable methods available to translators, but the (pragmatic and communicational) aspects and factors that could affect choosing between these. The novelty of the study is that it takes the meaning (denotation and connotation), the category (e.g. personal name) and sub-category (e.g. family name) of proper nouns into consideration, following the practices of prototype theory. Another innovative approach is the emphasise lain on the influence of composition on the translation of names. According to this, names consisting of several words should not be handled as single units, as earlier studies have consid-ered them, but following a two-step method: first holistically (e.g. the Eng. Flint Cliffs : Hung. Flint-sziklák, a place name), and then morphologically, while defining the categories of the name elements (e.g. Flint is a family name, cliffs is a common noun). This shows that translators are not completing a single operation but a combination of operations (transference in the case of the given name, and translation in the case of the common noun). Translations previously deemed ununderstandably heterogenous can thus be explained by applying this methodology.

Látszólagos- és valóságosidő-vizsgálatok Pród helynevei körében

Apparent-time and real-time studies of place names in Pród This paper contains a socio-onomastic examination of the place names of Pród, a small town in Hajdú-Bihar county. The empirical research focuses on the applicability of the apparent-time and real-time studies to the sociology of place names. In a follow-up study (panel study), the author compared the place name knowledge of some residents of Pród in 2013 and in 2019. The panel study revealed that in the six and a half years between the two surveys, children’s and young people’s knowledge of names expanded greatly. In the middle of one’s life, the number of known names – which sometimes increases vastly, in many cases almost doubles – begins to stagnate, and after that only minimal reduction or expansion can be observed in the established toponymic knowledge. This general tendency may be influenced by changes in one’s knowledge of names resulting from unique living situations or life events.

Történelemkonstruálás – névkonstruálás

Constructing history – constructing names. Personal names of early Hungarian history and the posterity The topic of the paper is how people of modern times attempt to approach the onomasticon of personal names of the past, of which they lack sufficient knowledge; and how they create a picture of it for themselves and their peers. The paper presents the topic with the help of examples from different eras and genres of cultural history. The paper is based on sources, originating from centuries later, of personal names of the Hungarian Middle Ages, especially the time of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (the end of the 9th century). In the case of the 13th-century Gesta Hungarorum, the intentions of the author and the methods he applied to create and give personal names to narrate the events of the Conquest, of which he had little knowledge, can be easily identified. The writers and poets of the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century – which was the era of national awakening, language reform and romanticism – also exemplify how authors could use old or create new personal names in their historical works influenced by the conditions of their era. Continuing the topic, the paper discusses the process and methods of renewing the onomasticon of first names in national contexts, the role of first names registries from this point of view, and how these often paint a misleading picture of their subject, and thus Hungarian history. Finally, the paper deals not only with the laic considerations of our oldest personal names, but also with the problems of their discussion from a historical point of view, emphasizing the need to involve not only historical onomastics but also the approaches of literary onomastics, folk and applied onomastics.

Szent István Pécsváradi oklevelének Sorlogys helynevéről és ami körülötte lehetett

The place name Sorlogys in St. Stephen’s Charter of Pécsvárad and its context The Benedictine Abbey of Pécsvárad was founded by St. Stephen. The authentic foundation charter of the abbey was presumably completed at the beginning of the 11th century, and it was followed by the authentic registering charter at the end of the century. The originals of these charters did not survive separately, only as parts of the fake charter of Pécsvárad. The fake charter of Pécsvárad was written around 1220, using the previously issued charters (e.g. the authentic foundation and registering charters) as sources. The fake charter was not preserved in its original form either, only in multiple transcriptions from the early 15th century. In this study, the author comments on the source value of the fake charter in place-name history, based on the name Sorlogys included in the charter. The author attempts to answer the question whether or not the denotation of the name form can be related to the date of the authentic charter, that is, to the 11th century. In the second part, the study analyses the connection between the place name Ζαλέση in the foundation charter of the nunnery in Veszprémvölgy and the name Sorlogys in the present charter.

A modern tudomány előtti és azon kívüli név- és szófejtések alkalmazott vonatkozásai

Applied onomastic aspects of name interpretation before or outside modern science The paper reviews the word and name interpretations that existed before and after the emergence of historical-comparative linguistics and that could be found outside and in parallel with it, including classical and medieval etymologization, folk, and contemporary lay etymologies. The research aims to find generalizable features in the sources selected for the purpose of this study in the neglected research field. The first part of the paper explores the reasons for the development of such etymologies at any given time in history, and seeks to define their non-scientific functions in the past and present day. The second part examines the typical methods and directions of these word and name interpretations. The third part focuses on the impacts that etymologies of this category can have on everyday life, human thinking and certain areas of culture. The aim of the study is to draw attention to the potential, possibilities and usefulness of studying etymologies created before or outside modern science as a direction of applied onomastics and folk onomastics.

A kognitív térkép és a névhasználat

The cognitive map and the use of names In this paper, the author attempts to provide a general summary of the relationship between the cognitive map and spatial concepts on the one hand, and between the onomasticon related to the cognitive map and discourses about space on the other hand, focusing on universal as well as culturally specific features. To this end, the author summarizes and interprets all the relevant results of national and international research from the areas of geography, socio-geography, anthropology, psychology, socio-onomastics and cognitive linguistics. Space is made up of different places and their relationships, which are represented on the cognitive map. At the same time, the development of the cognitive map is governed by many factors. In addition to one’s own experiences of the geographical environment. A significant proportion of geographic knowledge also results from different sources or from a combination of sources. In this context, the linguistic-cultural background also influences the individual’s geographical concepts and spatial cognition. At the same time, there are general features, organizing principles in spatial cognition resulting from the mechanisms of cognition, which influence the development of the mental map and name-giving practices as well. A good example is that one can only define a place in relation to another place, and this relation is often reflected in place names. Closely connected to this, is the view of centre-periphery relations in space, which is often manifested in discourse about places and sometimes in the meanings of place names, as well. The connotative meaning attached to words can also be mentioned as a common feature, and this is present both in the organization of discourse about space and in place names. These interrelated principles may apply in different ways to different areas, communities and cultures.

Magyar helynevek olasz térképeken és útleírásokban

The appearance of the toponyms of the Carpathian Basin in Italian sources The paper examines how the toponyms of the Carpathian Basin (mostly those of Hungary) appear in 20th- and 21st-century Italian sources, such as maps, atlases, travel guides and journey books. The author also discusses the translation strategies for proper names and shows how important historical events appear in naming practices. How the differences in the geographical features and the divergence of the administrative divisions of Hungary and Italy can create confusion in the translation of the toponyms is also shown. The author then presents how the fact that Hungary was a part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy influenced the practice of name giving in the period under discussion, and later. After examining 67 sources, the author prepared a dictionary containing 69 Hungarian toponyms and their Italian equivalents as used in the past and the present day.