HISTORY FOR AN ENGINEER (THE ISSUE ABOUT THE CONTENT OF THE COURSE "HISTORY" IN A TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)

The article analyses the possible ways of the educational content formation of classes in terms of the competence-oriented approach on the example of the course "History". Modern educational standards of higher education do not regulate the content of Humanities in technical universities, and general cultural competence, which Humanities should develop, as a rule, are aimed at teaching a kind of cross-professional (interdisciplinary) skills directly unrelated to any specific knowledge and therefore not involving the strict theme of the lectures or practical classes. Under these conditions, the specific content of courses is not just creative task of the individual teacher, it is transformed into the broad and principled for humanitarian knowledge discussion about the need for the development of the Humanities for a future engineer and about the possible specifics of the teaching these courses in technical universities. The author considers it is necessary to allocate a special kind of an engineer’s activity as design and to form the content of the Humanities based on the specifics of the engineering profession. Elaborating on this thesis, the author identifies the following objectives of the course "History" in a Technical University: classes of History should give a future specialists a clear understanding that his activities has the conditionality of the social context. Classes should generate the positive perception of engineering and the engineering profession, and finally they should contribute to the methodological training of the student. The macro-explaining model of historical development underlying the content of the course can serve these tasks. This model can actualize a historical material with the best for the future engineer's perspective – modernization theory, the stages of economic growth, etc., the achievements of the new social history, including biographical or local history, aiming at the reconstruction of the past from a position of studying including various professional groups and interdisciplinary approaches (synergetic approach), the expansion of the international context of the study of native history.

MILITARY-HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION AS A SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PHENOMENON AND A MEANS OF PATRIOTIC UPBRINGING OF STUDENT YOUTH

The article discusses the military-historical reconstruction as a form of tourist study of local lore and a means of Patriotic upbringing of students. This social phenomenon has a significant potential from the point of view of spiritual and moral development of a student’s personality, because it brings together the most significant components of these processes: cognitive, moral, spiritual, emotional and activity components, corresponding to selected stages, which are selected by authors, of formation of Patriotic consciousness of the student youth as spiritually-moral qualities of students’ personality. Historical reconstruction, which is researched in the context of a tourist study of local lore, expands the boundaries of tourism as object of activity and science. The object of the research in tourist study of local lore is the native land, with its geographical, economic, historical and cultural characteristics through the lens of the tourist identity. In the process of participation in the historical reconstruction as a form of regional activities students produce and accumulate knowledge of the history and culture of their native land; this activity contributes to the formation of such basic values as love for the native land, interest in its history and culture, which ultimately contributes to young people's ethnic and cultural identity, Patriotic consciousness and desire to know their native land. Military-historical reconstruction is the form of tourist study of local lore, which reflects the characteristics of local history as an integral system functioning in the world of three-dimensional models generated by space components, time and society

SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TEACHING OF HUMANITIES IN THE UNIVERSITY

The article discusses the place and role of social and humanitarian technologies in the system of higher education of the Russian Federation, specifically in the teaching of Humanities like: philosophy, logic, psychology, history, Russian language, etc. The author takes into account the broad understanding of technology as it is used in the current research literature. So technology is a sequence of steps to transform the starting material into the final product, in this case the social and humanitarian technologies is the totality of rational influence methods on individuals and social groups with a view to their transformation in the desired direction. Basing on this understanding, the author makes the conclusion that the teaching of the Humanities, first, is a technology itself, and secondly, it should provide the student with this kind of technology. The article analyzes the causes leading to the increased need to provide students with these technologies, as well as the problems associated with the current state of teaching humanitarian disciplines, in particular the impact of the increased pragmatism of students on the perception of humanitarian material, the increased availability of information, the obsolescence of some teaching formats. The author outlines his experience in the field of teaching philosophy, which interprets as one of the components of social and humanitarian technologies. The main technology, which the philosophy should teach, is the technology of persuading an individual or group. It should be stored as a tool and a result of course. He thinks key methods of demonstration and of forming this kind of technology to be the analysis of philosophical dialogues, philosophical debate and interpretation of texts with an opaque meaning unknown for students. Consideration of these methods is provided with recommendations to improve their effectiveness. Keywords: social and humanitarian technologies, technology, impact on the individual, Humanities, philosophy, logic, thinking, knowledge, teaching philosophy, higher education, psychology, pedagogy, competences, personality

UPBRINGING RESOURCE OF FOLK TALES ABOUT TREASURES AND TREASURE HUNTERS IN FICTION FOR CHILDREN (BASED ON THE NOVEL BY A. N. RYBAKOV "BRONZE BIRD")

The article discusses the problem of relations between literature and folklore, as well as the role of folk tales about treasures and treasure hunters in the artistic structure of texts for children. Writers often turn to the genre of legend, not only in order to create an adventure intrigue, but also with the ideological and upbringing goals and objectives. Appeal to the folklore helps the author to revive people’s ideals and folk wisdom in the new direction, corresponding to its ideological and artistic, ethical and aesthetic preferences. P. Bazhov echoes folk wisdom, legends about treasures and treasure hunters in his "Tales". The poor is rewarded as a rule, for his best qualities: tolerance, humility, diligence and kindness. In "the Bronze bird" by A. Rybakov, the treasure is distributed in accordance with other ideological and artistic goals and objectives that the author aims to solve. The New Soviet government gets the treasure, because in accordance with the new ideology not a specific person must be rich, but the society as a whole. The individual is understood the moral in that case, if he cares not about personal enrichment and prosperity, but about the construction of the new Soviet State. In American novel for children by Mark Twain «The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" finding the treasure by the guys has a different meaning: pragmatic ordering money guys ensure themselves a prosperous future. In General, the author's appeal to the genre about treasures and treasure hunters in children's literature is not only hedonistic, but also upbringing in nature.

THE ORGANIZATION OF LEXICOGRAPHIC WORK ON THE CLASSES OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND SPEECH CULTURE WITH STUDENTS OF NON-HUMANITARIAN SPECIALTIES

The article examines the role of dictionaries in the process of formation of linguistic, communicative, cultural, and professional competence of students of non-humanitarian specialties. The formation of lexicographical competence of students is one of the important directions of the development of linguistic, speech and General culture of a modern student. Ability to work with information, organize it, search, analyze words, and apply them depending on the situation of communication can be formed in the course of work with reference books, particularly dictionaries of the modern Russian language. In the course of the discipline "Russian language and speech culture" students not only get acquainted with different dictionaries of the Russian language, learn to work with them, but you can try your hand in the process of compiling academic reference dictionaries for their future profession. The participation in linguistic projects related to lexicographical description of professional vocabulary facilitates not only application of knowledge in practice, but can help develop the skills of work with reference books, will contribute to the awakening of cognitive activity of students, teach them how to respect heritage dictionary, lexicography in General and to its object – word. Work in self-compilation of dictionaries, reference books also expands the students ' knowledge about the language for specific purposes, facilitates the process of entering in professional communication. As examples of successfully implemented lexicographical projects the author cites the dictionaries prepared by the students of the Moscow Polytechnic University.

The article is devoted to the analysis of political education of students. The experience of studying the peculiarities of political education in Germany during the joint seminar devoted to the analysis of democratic processes in Germany and Russia is given. The tasks of social and political education of the future teacher are determined. Three interrelated problems are formulated. The first is the formation of a civic position (education solves state problems here), and secondly, it is the formation of a culture of democratic behavior (this is more important for social activity), and the third task relates to the personal significance of political education. The article defines the content of political education, which is formed primarily from the heritage of culture and science. In transforming Russia, when the values of the previous stage of development are rejected, this problem has become the most difficult. There has been a need for a new social and cultural paradigm, the fullness of education with new content. But for the stability of the social system, it is necessary that each generation inherits at least the basic social and cultural values of previous generations, of universal significance shared by most people. The article explores the social and cultural foundations of modern political education, where the notion of social justice, polyphonic thinking and tolerance occupy a special place. Particular attention is paid to the formation of a tolerant personality. The article analyzes the possibilities of applying the project activity in the preparation of the future teacher, in the formation of both professional and personal qualities. The author of the article, based on his personal experience with working with students, showed that limiting the study of a political science subject only to its content side, without including students in active work, significantly reduces students' interest in the subject. The inclusion of students in active cognitive activity through the method of projects helps informed and interested acquisition of new knowledge, allows to form such competencies as informational, communicative, creative

The article is devoted to the analysis of political education of students. The experience of studying the peculiarities of political education in Germany during the joint seminar devoted to the analysis of democratic processes in Germany and Russia is given. The tasks of social and political education of the future teacher are determined. Three interrelated problems are formulated. The first is the formation of a civic position (education solves state problems here), and secondly, it is the formation of a culture of democratic behavior (this is more important for social activity), and the third task relates to the personal significance of political education. The article defines the content of political education, which is formed primarily from the heritage of culture and science. In transforming Russia, when the values of the previous stage of development are rejected, this problem has become the most difficult. There has been a need for a new social and cultural paradigm, the fullness of education with new content. But for the stability of the social system, it is necessary that each generation inherits at least the basic social and cultural values of previous generations, of universal significance shared by most people. The article explores the social and cultural foundations of modern political education, where the notion of social justice, polyphonic thinking and tolerance occupy a special place. Particular attention is paid to the formation of a tolerant personality. The article analyzes the possibilities of applying the project activity in the preparation of the future teacher, in the formation of both professional and personal qualities. The author of the article, based on his personal experience with working with students, showed that limiting the study of a political science subject only to its content side, without including students in active work, significantly reduces students' interest in the subject. The inclusion of students in active cognitive activity through the method of projects helps informed and interested acquisition of new knowledge, allows to form such competencies as informational, communicative, creative

RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERDEPARTMENTAL INTEGRATION IN MEDICAL HIGHER SCHOOL

The article studies the problem of training of foreign specialists for foreign public health service and the role of the Russian language in the development of future specialty. It is shown that a necessary condition for the acquisition of the future profession students in medical school is interdepartmental integration. The authors studied the necessary conditions for training of foreign specialists at the Medical Higher School, among them there is a system of factors, types of learning and teaching methods and independent work. The authors found that successful inclusion in the educational process of the University is hindered with the lack of training and skills that Russian students have, and also with the inability to work with primary sources, the low level of General training received at school, at home, etc. It is noted that the acquisition of future professional roles for foreign students relates to linguistic and psycho-pedagogical problems that are not relevant for Russian students. The efficiency of t teaching foreign students in medical higher school depends on many factors, among them there is the conscious attitude of foreign students to the choice of profession, the degree of assimilation of educational material, the quality of teaching theoretical disciplines and subjects. The studies confirm that throughout training in medical school poor knowledge of the Russian language in one way or another complicates the acquisition of special knowledge and forms the stable stereotype of communicative competence complexity. The authors conclude that the successful development of a medical specialty in a foreign environment requires interdepartmental integration of the Russian language Department and the relevant departments as a necessary condition for the acquisition of high quality knowledge and skills to get future profession.

PREPARATION OF FOREIGN STUDENTS FOR MASTERING THE BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIAN UNIVERSITIES

This article analyzes the experience of the faculty of training foreign specialists of the Volgograd State Technical University for the last three academic years in order to identify conditions conducive to the qualitative development of an additional educational program that provides training for foreign citizens and stateless persons to develop professional higher education programs education in Russian, and further successful education at the main faculties of Russian universities. The authors of the article believe that the activity of the preparatory faculty for foreign citizens can be considered successful if certain conditions are met, including: the duration of instruction is at least 9–10 months and good basic training at home in the framework of complete secondary education. In support of this conclusion, statistical data on the performance of foreign students for the last three academic years (2014–2015, 2015–2016, 2016–2017 academic years) are given, depending on the length of time for the development of an additional educational program providing preparation for mastering the basic educational programs i.e. time of "arrival" of students for training). These statistics are presented in the form of dependency graphs. In addition, the authors of the article attempt to analyze the dependence of the progress of foreign students in the development of an additional educational program preparing for the mastering of the basic professional programs of higher education in Russian, from basic training of foreign students at home in the framework of complete secondary education, and also on the degree of motivation of foreign students in obtaining Russian education.

THE PROCESS OF REGRESS IN THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

The article describes the main elements of the education system, including the history of education as a direction of state social policy and its main points from ancient times to the present day. It also describes the elements of progress and regress in the education system, starting with school education. The author presents the main problems appeared in the last decade in the education system with the emergence of new types of education and educational institutions of different levels. The article touches upon the main aspects of Russian education of the last few years – such as a possible alternative to the Centralized State Exam (CSE). The article lists the disadvantages of the Western system of education, appeared in recent years in the Russian education; implemented "innovative" ideas of education, which often have a negative impact on the rules of the Russian education existing for many years. Also the author lists possible methods of fighting with the Pro-Western elements of education, their advantages and disadvantages at different levels. The key positive and negative elements of innovation in the education system, as well as the possible consequences of such action are identified. It is concluded that the solution to the problem of regression in the education system is a very important component of the state policy in this sphere and the main aim of it is to prevent the degradation of this sphere of human activity. The author specifies the possible directions and ways of solving most of the problems arising in the educational field with possible using innovations implemented in the past few years.