Monitoring Seasonal Bud Set, Bud Burst, and Cold Hardiness in Populus

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Mikael Johansson ◽  
Naoki Takata ◽  
Cristian Ibáñez ◽  
Maria E. Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Bud Set

Genetic variation in fall cold hardiness in coastal Douglas-fir in western Oregon and Washington

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 1110-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bradley St. Clair
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Population Differences ◽  
Bud Set

Genetic variation in fall cold damage in coastal Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii ) was measured by exposing excised branches of seedlings from 666 source locations grown in a common garden to freezing temperatures in a programmable freezer. Considerable variation was found among populations in fall cold hardiness of stems, needles, and buds compared with bud burst, bud set, and biomass growth after 2 years. Variation in fall cold hardiness was strongly correlated (r = 0.67) with cold-season temperatures of the source environment. Large population differences corresponding with environmental gradients are evidence that natural selection has been important in determining genetic variation in fall cold hardiness, much more so than in traits of bud burst (a surrogate for spring cold hardiness), bud set, and growth. Seed movement guidelines and breeding zones may be more restrictive when considering genetic variation in fall cold hardiness compared with growth, phenology, or spring cold hardiness. A regional stratification system based on ecoregions with latitudinal and elevational divisions, and roughly corresponding with breeding zones used in Oregon and Washington, appeared to be adequate for minimizing population differences within regions for growth and phenology, but perhaps not fall cold hardiness. Although cold hardiness varied among populations, within-population and within-region variation is sufficiently large that responses to natural or artificial selection may be readily achieved.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation in Cold Hardiness and Phenology Between and Within Turkish Red Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) Populations: Implications for Seed Transfer

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Kandemir ◽  
Zeki Kaya ◽  
F. Temel ◽  
S. Önde
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Pinus Brutia ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Cold Damage ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Turkish Red Pine

Abstract Wind-pollinated seeds from 40 trees (half-sib families) were collected from each of six Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) populations in southern Turkey. Two-year old seedlings were evaluated for growth, phenology and cold resistance in a common garden experiment established in Ankara, located outside the species’ natural range. Each family was represented with a six-tree row plot within each of the three replications. The below freezing temperatures (-15.2°C) observed in January and February of 2000 were sufficient to observe visually- assessable-cold damage to the seedlings. The populations significantly differed in all traits under investigation except for second flushing in 1999. Populations originating from more inland and higher elevation areas were more resistant to cold than coastal low elevation populations. Families within populations were significantly different as regards all traits except HT00. Family heritability for bud burst was 0.40, and ranged from 0.12 to 0.37 for height, and from 0.20 to 0.23 for bud set. Final height of cold damage prone seedlings was shorter than cold tolerant seedlings. Families with early bud-set, later bud-burst and shorter second flush shoots suffered less from cold damage. Considering the expected climate change in the eastern Mediterranean, there is a potential for using this species outside its natural range, especially in sites experiencing more continental climate since it will be possible to move the species 200-300 m in altitude and 2-3 degrees in latitude.

Monitoring Seasonal Bud Set, Bud Burst, and Cold Hardiness in Populus

2014 ◽  
pp. 313-324
Author(s):  
Mikael Johansson ◽  
Naoki Takata ◽  
Cristian Ibáñez ◽  
Maria E. Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Bud Set

Genetic selection for cold hardiness in coastal Douglas-fir seedlings and saplings

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1799-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A O'Neill ◽  
Sally N Aitken ◽  
W Thomas Adams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Bud Set

Genetic control of cold hardiness in two-year-old seedlings was compared with that in 7-year-old saplings of 40 open-pollinated families in each of two breeding populations (Coast and Cascade) of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) from western Oregon. In addition, the efficacy of bud phenology traits as predictors of cold hardiness at the two stages was explored. Fall and spring cold hardiness were assessed using artificial freeze testing. Similar genetic control of cold hardiness in seedlings and saplings is suggested by strong type-B genetic correlations (rB) between the two ages for fall and spring cold injury traits (rB[Formula: see text] 0.78) and by similar trends in individual tree heritability estimates (hi2), e.g., hi2was greater in spring (h–i2= 0.73) than in fall (h–i2= 0.36) and greater in the Coast population (h–i2= 0.69) than in the Cascade population (h–i2= 0.40) at both ages. Strong responses to direct selection are expected for spring cold hardiness at both ages and for fall cold hardiness in seedlings, even under mild selection intensities. Similar heritabilities in seedlings and saplings, and strong genetic correlations between ages for cold-hardiness traits, ensure that selection at one age will produce similar gains at the other age. Type-A genetic correlations (rA) between fall and spring cold hardiness were near zero in the Cascade population (rA= 0.08 and -0.14 at ages 2 and 7, respectively) but were moderate and negative in the Coast population (rA= -0.54 and -0.36, respectively). Bud-burst timing appears to be a suitable surrogate to artificial freeze testing for assessing spring cold hardiness in both seedlings and saplings, as is bud set timing for assessing fall cold hardiness in seedlings, but bud set timing is a poor predictor of fall cold hardiness in saplings.

Growth, phenology, and cold hardiness of 32 Douglas-fir full-sib families

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1821-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Hawkins ◽  
M. Stoehr
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Sib Families

Thirty-two full-sib families of coastal Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) with a range of predicted breeding values were monitored for growth rate, phenology, and cold hardiness over 2 years on two sites to investigate if other traits are being selected when family selection is based on height. Significant differences among families existed in most phenological, growth, and cold-hardiness traits. On average, taller families burst bud later but did not have significantly different growth rates or length of growing period than other families. We found no significant correlations between family date of bud burst and cold hardiness in late spring or between duration of shoot growth or height and autumn freezing damage. Family differences in freezing tolerance were greatest in September and October. In these months, family current-year leaf nitrogen was positively correlated with cold hardiness. Families that were most hardy in the autumn were not the most hardy families in spring. We conclude that, for the studied breeding series, selection based on height does not have a significant impact on cold hardiness. We found no consistent relationships between phenological, growth, or cold-hardiness parameters and final height that could explain family ranking by height. Relationships between grandparent elevation and dates of bud burst and cold hardiness were observed.

Acetylated H4 histone and genomic DNA methylation patterns during bud set and bud burst in Castanea sativa

2009 ◽  
Vol 166 (13) ◽  
pp. 1360-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
MaEstrella Santamaría ◽  
Rodrigo Hasbún ◽  
MaJosé Valera ◽  
Mónica Meijón ◽  
Luis Valledor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Methylation Patterns

scholarly journals The seasonal dynamics of bud dormancy in grapevine suggest a regulated checkpoint prior to acclimation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazhini Velappan ◽  
Tinashe G Chabikwa ◽  
John A Considine ◽  
Patricia Agudelo-Romero ◽  
Christine H Foyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Seasonal Plasticity ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Cellular Quiescence ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Bud Respiration ◽  
Transcription Data

ABSTRACTGrapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) displays wide plasticity to climate and seasonality, ranging from strongly deciduous to evergreen. Understanding the physiology of decisions to grow or quiesce is critical for improved crop management, prediction, and the adaptability of production to alternative climate scenarios. The perenniating bud (N+2) is a major economic unit and focus of study. Here we investigated the physiology and transcriptome of cv. Merlot buds grown in a temperate maritime climate from summer to spring in two consecutive years. The changes in bud respiration, hydration and internal tissue oxygen data were consistent with the transcriptome data. ABA-responsive gene processes prevailed upon the transition to a deep metabolic and cellular quiescence in the bud during autumn. Light, together with hypoxia and redox signalling presided over the resumption of nuclear and cellular growth in the transition to spring. Comparisons with transcriptome data from bud burst studies revealed a number of regulatory candidates for the orderly resumption of growth in spring, including components that may integrate light and temperature signalling. Importantly however, the bud burst forcing data, which is widely used as a measure of bud dormancy, were not consistent with the physiological and transcription data. We hypothesise the existence of a physiological checkpoint following bud set in summer, which if not met results in extreme quiescence. Collectively this is the most integrated developmental dataset of the latent bud of cultivated grapevine, and establishes a platform for systems approaches to study seasonal plasticity.One sentence summaryPhysiology and transcriptome data provide strong evidence of a regulatory checkpoint prior to acclimation and dormancy in latent grapevine buds.

Ethylene and ethane evolution during cold acclimation and deacclimation of ponderosa pine

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Burr ◽  
Stephen J. Wallner ◽  
Richard W. Tinus
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Over Time

Greenhouse container-grown ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.) were cold acclimated and deacclimated in growth chambers during a 19-week regime. Seedling cold hardiness, bud dormancy, and ethylene and ethane evolution from excised needles were measured weekly. Ethylene and ethane evolution and the ethane/ethylene ratio declined from bud set to bud break and did not parallel changes in cold hardiness. Large standard errors of the ethylene evolution means made detecting statistical differences over time difficult. Significant deviations in the ethane evolution means were observed, however, and indicated a sharp decrease and recovery at the start of cold acclimation and a peak at the start of deacclimation. The ethane/ethylene ratio accentuated the declining trend from bud set to bud break and the two sharp deviations in the trend at the start of acclimation and deacclimation.

Genetic control of bud phenology in pole-size trees and seedlings of coastal Douglas-fir

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
W.T. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Bud Phenology ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Lateral Branches

The extent to which bud phenology is genetically controlled and related to growth traits was examined in seedlings and pole-size trees of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Data on bud burst, bud set, and stem growth were collected from pole-size trees of 60 open-pollinated families growing in four plantations, and from seedlings of 45 of these same families growing in three trials. In both age-classes, bud burst was under moderate to strong genetic control (h2 ≥ 0.44) and family breeding values were stable across test environments, indicating that this trait could be readily altered in breeding programs. Bud set was inherited strongly in pole-size trees (h2 = 0.81) but weakly in seedlings (h2 < 0.30). Both bud burst and bud set were positively correlated with growth in seedlings and pole-size trees. Thus, selection for greater growth at either age-class is expected to delay bud burst and bud set. We also evaluated the accuracy of two alternatives for assessing bud burst phenology in pole-size trees compared with the traditional method. We show that bud-burst date on lateral branches can be used to accurately rank both individuals and families for bud-burst date on less accessible leader shoots. In addition, we found that families can be ranked for mean bud-burst date by the proportion of trees per family that have flushed on a given scoring day. This method is only effective, however, when between 25 and 75% of all trees in the test have flushed at the time of scoring.

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