In-situ Measurements of Cutter Forces on Boring Machine at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory Part I. Laboratory Calibration and In-situ Measurements

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. X. Zhang ◽  
S. Q. Kou ◽  
X. C. Tan ◽  
P.-A. Lindqvist
Keyword(s):  
Hard Rock ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Rock Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Calibration ◽  
Cutter Forces

scholarly journals Permeability Enhancement and Fracture Development of Hydraulic In Situ Experiments in the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Zimmermann ◽  
Arno Zang ◽  
Ove Stephansson ◽  
Gerd Klee ◽  
Hana Semiková
Keyword(s):  
Hard Rock ◽  
Permeability Enhancement ◽  
Rock Laboratory ◽  
Fracture Development ◽  
In Situ Experiments

scholarly journals Metatranscriptomes Reveal That All Three Domains of Life Are Active but Are Dominated by Bacteria in the Fennoscandian Crystalline Granitic Continental Deep Biosphere

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Lopez-Fernandez ◽  
Domenico Simone ◽  
Xiaofen Wu ◽  
Lucile Soler ◽  
Emelie Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Deep Biosphere ◽  
Deep Subsurface ◽  
Rock Laboratory ◽  
Mrna Transcripts ◽  
Domains Of Life

ABSTRACT The continental subsurface is suggested to contain a significant part of the earth’s total biomass. However, due to the difficulty of sampling, the deep subsurface is still one of the least understood ecosystems. Therefore, microorganisms inhabiting this environment might profoundly influence the global nutrient and energy cycles. In this study, in situ fixed RNA transcripts from two deep continental groundwaters from the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (a Baltic Sea-influenced water with a residence time of <20 years, defined as “modern marine,” and an “old saline” groundwater with a residence time of thousands of years) were subjected to metatranscriptome sequencing. Although small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene and mRNA transcripts aligned to all three domains of life, supporting activity within these community subsets, the data also suggested that the groundwaters were dominated by bacteria. Many of the SSU rRNA transcripts grouped within newly described candidate phyla or could not be mapped to known branches on the tree of life, suggesting that a large portion of the active biota in the deep biosphere remains unexplored. Despite the extremely oligotrophic conditions, mRNA transcripts revealed a diverse range of metabolic strategies that were carried out by multiple taxa in the modern marine water that is fed by organic carbon from the surface. In contrast, the carbon dioxide- and hydrogen-fed old saline water with a residence time of thousands of years predominantly showed the potential to carry out translation. This suggested these cells were active, but waiting until an energy source episodically becomes available. IMPORTANCE A newly designed sampling apparatus was used to fix RNA under in situ conditions in the deep continental biosphere and benchmarks a strategy for deep biosphere metatranscriptomic sequencing. This apparatus enabled the identification of active community members and the processes they carry out in this extremely oligotrophic environment. This work presents for the first time evidence of eukaryotic, archaeal, and bacterial activity in two deep subsurface crystalline rock groundwaters from the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory with different depths and geochemical characteristics. The findings highlight differences between organic carbon-fed shallow communities and carbon dioxide- and hydrogen-fed old saline waters. In addition, the data reveal a large portion of uncharacterized microorganisms, as well as the important role of candidate phyla in the deep biosphere, but also the disparity in microbial diversity when using standard microbial 16S rRNA gene amplification versus the large unknown portion of the community identified with unbiased metatranscriptomes.

In situ tracer tests to determine retention properties of a block scale fracture network in granitic rock at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 271-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Andersson ◽  
Johan Byegård ◽  
Eva-Lena Tullborg ◽  
Thomas Doe ◽  
Jan Hermanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hard Rock ◽  
Granitic Rock ◽  
Tracer Tests ◽  
Fracture Network ◽  
Rock Laboratory

scholarly journals New Insights into Fracture Process through In-Situ Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Fatigue Hydraulic Fracture Experiment in Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory

2017 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 618-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kwiatek ◽  
Katrin Plenkers ◽  
Patricia Martínez-Garzón ◽  
Maria Leonhardt ◽  
Arno Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Fracture Process ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Acoustic Emission Monitoring ◽  
Emission Monitoring ◽  
Rock Laboratory
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