On application of the carbon extraction replica technique for the determination of second phase particles dispersed into metal matrix

Metallography ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Kisakurek
Keyword(s):  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
Extraction Replica ◽  
Carbon Extraction Replica ◽  
Second Phase Particles

The Study on the Precipitation Behavior of the Second Phase Particles for Fine Grain and High Strength IF Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 411-414
Author(s):  
Hong Mei Zhang ◽  
Li Feng Qiao ◽  
Qin Bo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
If Steel ◽  
Precipitation Behavior ◽  
Extraction Replica ◽  
Carbon Extraction Replica ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Precipitate Composition

The new type SFG HSS (super fine grain, high strength steel sheet) has been developed by adding solid-solution strengthening elements to conventional IF steel such as Si, Mn. The precipitation behavior of the second phase particles was observed and studied by a carbon extraction replica technique used transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The shape of the small second particles is similar to spherical and ellipse, the sizes of which are 10~30nm. It is seen that the particles are dispersed on the matrix. The precipitate composition of small particles is Nb (CN) and the precipitate composition of large particles is NbC examined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). It is noted that the yield strength is low as well as the tensile strength is high by the PFZ which is free of precipitate called precipitated free zone on the one side of the grain boundary. The results of microstructure shows that the second phase particles pinned on grain boundary not only can inhibit the grain growth, but also the grain can be fined.

The Study on the Precipitation Behavior of the Second Phase Particles for As-Hot Rolled Dual-Phase Nb-Bearing Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 626-629
Author(s):  
Zhang Hong Mei ◽  
Qiao Li Feng
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Precipitation Behavior ◽  
Extraction Replica ◽  
Carbon Extraction Replica ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Hot Rolled

The precipitation behavior of the second phase particles was observed and studied by a carbon extraction replica technique used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for Nb-bearing dual-phase steel. It is found that there are more second phase particles on the surface than that of in the center of sample. The mainly smaller particle which sizes of is below 20nm show the shape of spherical and ellipse. The sizes of larger particles are range of 20nm~40nm and the shape of them present rectangle or ellipse. The particles are dispersed on the matrix and the particle boundary is clear. The precipitate composition of particles are all Nb(C、N) examined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The results of microstructure shows that the second phase particles pinned on grain boundary not only can inhibited the grain growth, but also the grain can be fined during the heating and cooling course.

Polishing process effect on the image of dispersed precipitates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 534-535
Author(s):  
C.T. Hu ◽  
C.W. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Material ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Precipitate Particle ◽  
Polishing Process ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Surface Profiles ◽  
Thinning Process

One important problem in determination of precipitate particle size is the effect of preferential thinning during TEM specimen preparation. Figure 1a schematically represents the original polydispersed Ni3Al precipitates in the Ni rich matrix. The three possible type surface profiles of TEM specimens, which result after electrolytic thinning process are illustrated in Figure 1b. c. & d. These various surface profiles could be produced by using different polishing electrolytes and conditions (i.e. temperature and electric current). The matrix-preferential-etching process causes the matrix material to be attacked much more rapidly than the second phase particles. Figure 1b indicated the result. The nonpreferential and precipitate-preferential-etching results are shown in Figures 1c and 1d respectively.

Constituent Particles and Dispersoids in an Al-Mn-Fe-Si Alloy Studied in Three-Dimensions by Serial Sectioning

2013 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Dwyer ◽  
Joseph Robson ◽  
Joao Quinta da Fonseca ◽  
Nicolas Kamp ◽  
Teruo Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serial Sectioning ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Intermetallic Particles ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Proper Consideration

Second phase particles in wrought aluminium alloys are crucial in controlling recrystallization and texture. In Al-Mn-Fe-Si (3xxx) alloys, the size, spacing, and distribution of both large constituent particles and small dispersoids are manipulated by heat treatment to obtain the required final microstructure and texture for operations such as can-making. Understanding how these particles evolve as a function of process conditions is thus critical to optimize alloy performance. In this study, a novel 3-dimensional technique involving serial sectioning in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used to analyse the intermetallic particles found in an as-cast and homogenized Al-Mn-Fe-Si alloy. This has allowed an accurate determination of the size and shape of the constituent particles and dispersoids derived from a 3-dimensional dataset. It is demonstrated that a proper consideration of the 3-dimensional microstructure reveals important features that are not obvious from 2-dimensional sections alone.

scholarly journals Making Replicas of Surfaces for TEM and SEM

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-50
Author(s):  
Mary Mager
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Original Surface ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Coated Surface

Before SEMs were invented and when they were still of relatively poor resolution, one way to see the fine details of a sample surface was to prepare an electron-transparent replica of the sample surface and view it in a TEM. The carbon-coated surface of the sample was shadowed with a heavy metal to make a replica that mimicked the topography of the original surface, in a sample that could be viewed in the TEM.We have found some value in this old technique; to examine second-phase particles freed from the metal matrix for EDX, diffraction, and morphology studies—while preserving the original position and distribution of the particles, historically called “extraction replication.”

Preparation of millimeter scale second phase particles in aluminum alloys and determination of their mechanical properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 784 ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyue Lan ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Fuxin Wang ◽  
Yanqing Su ◽  
Mingjun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Second Phase Particles

The Determination of Spatial Homogeneity in Multiphase Mixtures

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 424-425
Author(s):  
Zülal Misirli ◽  
Burhanettin S. Altan ◽  
Hüseyin Yörücü
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Spatial Homogeneity ◽  
Ratio Size ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Image Area ◽  
Automated Technique

The modifications of the properties of composite materials by controlling the ratio, size, shape, orientation and spatial distribution of the second phase particles is a well known phenomena. Although there are technique available for the quantifying of most of these parameters, there is no established technique for the determination of the spatial homogeneity; yet this property is also highly influental on the behavior of the material. The aim of this paper is to introduce a fully automated technique to determine the spatial homogeneity of second phase particles.The technique presented in this paper was based on the technique reported by Eisenkolb and Lange and Hirlinger. In this technique the image area was divided by a grid having equal size squares (Fig.1). In a homogeneous mixture the proportion of the second phase would be the same in each square. However, because of the finite size and the agglomeration of particles, the proportion of the second phase varies. This variation is best represented by Relative Standard Deviation, Srel, which is defined as the standard deviation divided by the average. As finer grid sizes are used Srel would naturally increase. It was assumed that for a random dispersion Srel increases linearly as the size of the grid squares becomes smaller. In this study it was shown mathematically that this increase becomes faster when agglomerations are present.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document