The Economic Production and Distribution of Milk.

The Lancet ◽  
1917 ◽  
Vol 190 (4897) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Keyword(s):  
Economic Production ◽  
Production And Distribution

Conclusion: The Crisis Image – Mumblecore and Beyond

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Backman Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Specific Effect ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Art Cinema ◽  
Independent Cinema ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
Transition Mutation ◽  
Modes Of Thought ◽  
Further Development

By way of conclusion and further development of the notion of a cinema of crisis, I will extend briefly this study’s theoretical framework to the work of Harmony Korine, Kelly Reichardt and the ‘Mumblecore’ movement – or, more specifically, the work of Lena Dunham. However, in order to outline these further facets of a cinema of crisis, it is necessary at this juncture to summarise what its salient features are. I argued at the beginning of this book that the dominant and established approach to American independent cinema in critical and scholarly studies is to categorise it in terms of economic, production and distribution strategies.1 While this is important and useful, this focus on the meaning and context of the very term ‘independent’ has resulted in a paucity of material on the aesthetics and poetics of this kind of cinema and its specific effect or affects. By focusing on the themes of crisis, liminality, transition, mutation and transformation, I have tried to emphasise the ways in which American independent cinema appropriates and transfigures the tropes of European ‘Art’ cinema (as set forth in Gilles Deleuze’s Cinema 2) for its own particular purposes in order to challenge entrenched modes of thought.

Corporate Crime and the State

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Ghazi-Tehrani
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Crime ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
The State ◽  
Street Crime ◽  
Corporate Structure ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Governance

State-corporate crime is defined as criminal acts that occur when one or more institutions of political governance pursue a goal in direct cooperation with one or more institutions of economic production and distribution. This concept has been advanced to examine how corporations and governments intersect to produce social harm. The complexity of state-corporate crime arises from the nature of the offenses; unlike traditional “street crime,” state-corporate crime is not characterized by the intent of a single actor to violate the law for personal pleasure or gain. Criminal actions by the state often lack an obvious victim, and diffusion of responsibility arising from corporate structure and involvement of multiple actors makes the task of attributing criminal responsibility difficult. Sufficient understanding of state-corporate crime cannot be gained through studying individual actors; one must also consider broader organizational and societal factors. Further subclassification illuminates the different types of state-corporate crime: State-initiated corporate crime (such as the 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger explosion) occurs when corporations, employed by the government, engage in organizational deviance at the direction of, or with the tacit approval of, the government. State-facilitated state-corporate crime (such as the 1991 Imperial Food Products fire in Hamlet, North Carolina) occurs when government regulatory institutions fail to restrain deviant activities either because of direct collusion between business and government or because they adhere to shared goals whose attainment would be hampered by aggressive regulation.

Distributional Problems: The Household and the State

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
The State ◽  
Exchange Economies ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
The Family ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Sharing Function ◽  
Income Sharing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Wage Earners

With the development of the division of labor, the household has declined in importance as a unit of economic production. Yet even as the individual wage earner has assumed a central place in modern exchange economies, the household has still been seen as an important unit of distribution, in which wage earners provide for their non-income-producing family members. With the breakdown of the family in recent decades, however, the communal income-sharing function of the family has, in significant part, been taken overby the state.In this essay, I examine this fundamental change in the structure of production and distribution in modern exchange economies. Going beyond this, I propose a new structure of markets–markets for rights to influence collective decision-making within a society. Such markets, I suggest, wouldprovide a source of income for each member of the society.

Production, Distribution, and J. S. Mill

Utilitas ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEVIN VALLIER
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
Insufficient Attention ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Relationship

J. S. Mill's role as a transitional figure between classical and egalitarian liberalism can be partly explained by developments in his often unappreciated economic views. Specifically, I argue that Mill's separation of economic production and distribution had an important effect on his political theory. Mill made two distinctions between economic production and the distribution of wealth. I argue that these separations helped lead Mill to abandon the wages-fund doctrine and adopt a more favorable view of organized labor. I also show how Mill's developments impacted later philosophers, economists, and historians. Understanding the relationship between Mill's political theory and economic theory does not only matter for Mill scholarship, however. Contemporary philosophers often ignore the economic views of their predecessors. I argue that paying insufficient attention to historical political philosophers' economic ideas obscures significant motivations for their political views.

The Origins and Development of the Concept and Theory of State-Corporate Crime

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Kramer ◽  
Raymond J. Michalowski ◽  
David Kauzlarich
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Crime ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Sociology Of Law ◽  
Social Harm ◽  
Directed Attention ◽  
Organizational Crime ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Political Governance

The important contributions made by Richard Quinney to the study of corporate crime and the sociology of law, crime, and justice have influenced the development of the concept of state-corporate crime. This concept has been advanced to examine how corporations and governments intersect to produce social harm. State-corporate crime is defined as criminal acts that occur when one or more institutions of political governance pursue a goal in direct cooperation with one or more institutions of economic production and distribution. The creation of this concept has directed attention to a neglected form of organizational crime and inspired numerous empirical studies and theoretical refinements.

The Revitalization of United States Aterritorial International Logic: The World Before and After the 1989 Invasion of Panama

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-462
Author(s):  
Stewart Sutley
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Moral Vision ◽  
American States ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Political Problem

AbstractThis article suggests the existence of two rival solutions to the political problem of territorial possession and appropriation among states. If we take territorial control as the analytical starting point, it is possible to examine the evolution, over the last two centuries, of two divergent solutions to this issue. The nineteenth-century European response of supreme sovereignty within the context of a true community of states may be contrasted with that of the comity of republican American states sharing a moral vision and, more recently, US refinements of an aterritorial logic. The US invasion of Panama in 1989 may be understood as marking the resumption of the historical rivalry between these two logics and the widening of the application of US state practices and principles. Tracing the expansion of the American logic in this way helps to explain the greater focus among states on problems of economic production and distribution and the lesser focus on territorial appropriation.

TEXTILES AND THE MAYA ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlen F. Chase ◽  
Diane Z. Chase ◽  
Elayne Zorn ◽  
Wendy Teeter
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
High Status ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Ancient Maya ◽  
Sociopolitical Organization ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Spindle Whorls ◽  
Production And Distribution

AbstractTextiles formed a major part of any ancient Mesoamerican economy. Based on ethnohistory and iconography, the Maya were great producers of cloth for both internal and external use. However, the archaeological identification of textile production is difficult in any tropical area because of issues of preservation. This paper examines the evidence for the production and distribution of cloth that is found in the pre-Columbian Maya area and then focuses on archaeological data relative to textiles from the ancient Maya city of Caracol, Belize. Archaeology at Caracol has been carried out annually from 1985 to the present and has resulted in the collection of data that permits insight into the economic production and social distribution of cloth at the site. This is accomplished through examining the contexts and distributions of spindle whorls, bone needles, bone pins and hairpins, bone awls, and limestone bars. All of these artifacts can be related to weaving, netting, or cloth in some way. Importantly, perforated ceramic disks are not included in this grouping because of contextual information from the archaeological record that these artifacts likely functioned as backings for ear assemblages. Spindle whorls are the artifacts most clearly associated with textile production and 57 of these have been recovered at Caracol, 38 of them in 20 different burials. Several of these interments are of high-status women placed in the most important architectural constructions at the site. The contextual placement of these burials stresses not only the link between women and weaving, but also the high status associated with such an activity, thus signaling the importance of cloth and spinning in ancient Maya society. The prevalence of female interments in the major ritual buildings at Caracol also reflects the importance of women to Maya social structure during the Classic period (a.d.250–900), pointing to difficulties in hieroglyphically based interpretations of ancient Maya social organization and suggesting that the traditional focus on males in the sociopolitical organization of the Classic Maya is incorrect.

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