scholarly journals Improvement of engineering soil properties using non -traditional additives

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Mohanned Waheed ◽  
Noor Asmael
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Engineering Soil

Laboratory experiments are conducted to evaluate the effect of some non-traditional additives on the engineering properties of clayey soil, which show problematic phenomenon when used as a construction material. The conducted tests covered the influence of these additives on various parameters like consistency limits, compaction characteristics and CBR value. Two nontraditional stabilizers are selected in this study, polymers and phosphoric acid at three different percent which are (1%, 3% and 5%) of the dry soil weight. It is concluded that addition of the polymer to the clayey soil results in a slight increase in plastic limit while the liquid limit is not affected accompanied by a marginal decrease in the dry unit weight while the optimum moisture content remains unaffected. The addition of phosphoric acid to the clayey soil has no effect on its Atterberg limits. In general, it is observed that polymer is found to be ineffective as a stabilizer to improve clayey soils, especially in small amounts of about (3%). The phosphoric acid treated soil gained better improvement for all amounts of additive used. For (3%) acid treated soil the CBR is about (360%) compared to that of untreated soil, for that, it can be concluded that the improvement using phosphoric acid in the clay soils is a promising option and can be applied to solve the geotechnical stabilization problems.

scholarly journals Remediation of Clayey Soil Using Silica Fume

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
Kawther Al-Soudany
Keyword(s):  
Silica Fume ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Pozzolanic Reactivity ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Swell Pressure

This paper evaluates the use of silica fumes as modification of fine-grained soil in order to alter undesirable properties of the native soil and create new useful soils. Silica fume as well as clay material, are used in changing the engineering properties to be compatible and satisfying this is due to their pozzolanic reactivity. The study aims to investigate the uses of these materials in geotechnical engineering and to improve the properties of soils. Four percentages of silica fumes were used in the present study, which is 0, 3, 5 and 7%. Classification, specific gravity, compaction characteristics, swell and swell pressure, CBR and compressive strength tests had been conducted on the prepared and modified soils. Results clarified that the silica fume increasing leads to decrease the plasticity index and liquid limit. Increasing in silica fume causes an increasing in plastic limit and optimum water contents while the maximum dry unit weight values decrease. The compressive shear strength, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), swell and swell pressure is improved by using silica fume so that silica fume can be considered as a successful material in improving the soil properties.

scholarly journals Soil Stabilization using Brick Kiln Dust and waste Coir Fibre

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2574-2578
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Brick Kiln ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Kiln Dust ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Stabilization of clay soil has been carried out for improving its engineering properties of soil. To stabilize the clayey soil use Brick Kiln Dust of and waste Coir Fibre, an experiment is conducted to evaluate the properties of soil mixing with 10%, 20% &30% percentage of Brick Kiln Dust and Coir Fibre contents of 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% by weight of soil sample and then the tests are performed. Tests conducted for clayey soil mixed with Brick Kiln Dust and Coir Fibre are Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, Compaction (OMC & MDD), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). Flexible pavements sections were degined for non-stabilized and stabilized subgrades to be standard axles traffic intensities. The preamble of brick kiln dust and coir fiber is analyzed to improve the features of expansion subgrade materials and other sub-base materials. Also design the thickness of pavement when it is stabilized with optimized brick kiln dust and coir fiber. The results reveal that CBR value increased with increase of Brick Kiln Dust and Coir fibre. The soil stabilization treatment significantly improved the engineering properties of the soil, and reduced the pavement thickness and also cost of the project.

scholarly journals Engineering Properties of Bentonite Stabilized with Lime and Phosphogypsum

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujeet Kumar ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Dutta ◽  
Bijayananda Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Swell Index ◽  
Dry Unit Weight ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Free Swell Index

Abstract Engineering properties such as compaction, unconfined compressive strength, consistency limits, percentage swell, free swell index, the California bearing ratio and the consolidation of bentonite stabilized with lime and phosphogypsum are presented in this paper. The content of the lime and phosphogypsum varied from 0 to 10 %. The results reveal that the dry unit weight and optimum moisture content of bentonite + 8 % lime increased with the addition of 8 % phosphogypsum. The percentage of swell increased and the free swell index decreased with the addition of 8 % phosphogypsum to the bentonite + 8 % lime mix. The unconfined compressive strength of the bentonite + 8 % lime increased with the addition of 8 % phosphogypsum as well as an increase in the curing period up to 14 days. The liquid limit and plastic limit of the bentonite + 8 % lime increased, whereas the plasticity index remained constant with the addition of 8 % phosphogypsum. The California bearing ratio, modulus of subgrade reaction, and secant modulus increased for the bentonite stabilized with lime and phosphogypsum. The coefficient of the consolidation of the bentonite increased with the addition of 8 % lime and no change with the addition of 8 % phosphogypsum.

scholarly journals Hydrated Lime Effects on Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 150-169
Author(s):  
Tavga Aram Abdalla ◽  
Nihad Bahaaldeen Salih
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Cohesive Soils ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Treated Soil

Cohesive soils present difficulties in construction projects because it usually contains expansive clay minerals. However, the engineering properties of cohesive soils can be stabilized by using various techniques. The research aims to elaborate on the influences of using hydrated lime on the consistency, compaction, and shear strength properties of clayey soil samples from Sulaimnai city, northern Iraq. The proportions of added hydrated lime are 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% to the natural soil sample. The results yielded considerable effects of hydrated lime on the engineering properties of the treated soil sample and enhancement its strength. The soil's liquid limit, plasticity index, and optimum moisture content were decreased with the increase of hydrated lime percent. The soil's other geotechnical properties such as plastic limit, maximum dry density, and unconfined compressive strength were increased with the hydrated lime content increase. The oedometer test results produced a notable decrease in the compressibility characteristics of the lime-treated soil sample. Hence, hydrated lime is successfully contributed and can be considered as an effective material to improve the strength, compressibility, and consistency properties of the cohesive soils in Sulaimani city.

scholarly journals Investigating the effect of PET plastic bottle strips on the strength and compressibility properties of clayey soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
J B Niyomukiza ◽  
A Bitekateko ◽  
J Nsemerirwe ◽  
B Kawiso ◽  
M Kiwanuka
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Capital City ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Plastic Bottle ◽  
Stabilized Soil

Abstract The production of plastic bottles by the manufacturing industry has increased drastically over the last six decades across the globe. This rapid production has led to the generation of many waste plastic bottles, thus causing environmental pollution. About 180 tonnes of plastics are generated daily in Kampala, the capital city of Uganda, and around 50% is dumped into the Kiteezi landfill. Instead of putting pressure on the landfill, these plastic bottle wastes could be reused in stabilizing soils with poor engineering properties. The current study investigates the engineering properties of clayey soil reinforced with Polyethylene-terephthalate waste plastic bottle strips. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the geotechnical and engineering properties of the soil reinforced with waste plastic bottle strips at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% of the dry unit weight of the soil and non-stabilized soil were determined by conducting laboratory tests, such as particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction test and California Bearing Ratio. The results revealed that the California Bearing Ratio of the soil reinforced with Polyethylene-terephthalate waste plastic bottle strips increased with the increase in the percentage of Polyethylene-terephthalate waste plastic bottle strips up to 0.3%. Beyond 0.3%, a drop in California Bearing Ratio was observed. It indicates that 0.3% Polyethylene-terephthalate waste plastic bottle strips is the optimum percentage for stabilizing low plasticity clayey soils.

scholarly journals Effect of Calcium Chloride on Geotechnical Properties of Black Cotton Soil Ramya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Curing Period

The objective of the present study was to understand the effect of calcium chloride on geotechnical properties of black cotton soil. Black cotton soil collected from Siraguppa taluk, Bellary. It was subjected to various concentrations of calcium chloride viz. 0.1 N, 0.5 N, 1.0 N, 2.0 N and 4.0 N. Attempt was made to understand the effect of calcium chloride on index properties and engineering properties of black cotton soil. It was observed that the values of liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of the soil treated with calcium chloride was decreasing with increase in concentration. Further the treated soil was investigated for compaction test. It was observed that the maximum dry density of the soil was increasing at higher concentrations. However, no remarkable changes were observed in the values of optimum moisture content with increase in concentration of calcium chloride. The laboratory investigation was made to obtain the unconfined compression strength (UCS) of treated soil. The soil was cured for 1 day, 7, 14 and 28 days. It was observed that the values of UCS were increasing with increase in concentration at any curing period. The soil was further tested to obtain the effect of calcium chloride on permeability of treated soil. It was observed that the permeability is increasing with increase in concentrations of 0 N, 0.5 N, and 4.0 N.

Feasibility of Reusing Marine Dredged Clay Stabilized by a Combination of By-Products in Coastal Road Construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (12) ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thien Quoc Tran ◽  
Young-sang Kim ◽  
Gyeong-o Kang ◽  
Ba Huu Dinh ◽  
Tan Manh Do
Keyword(s):  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Effective Stabilizer ◽  
By Products ◽  
Water Contents

Road construction work on poor subgrade in coastal, port, and reclamation sites is a traditional challenge for geotechnical engineers because of the typically very weak clayey soil in these domains. This research investigates the effects of adding a new green binder (Fa-RmLG), in different proportions and initial water contents, on the engineering properties of marine dredged clay (MDC) collected from Yeosu port, South Korea. The new green binder used is a combination of fly ash (Fa), phosphogypsum (G), lime (L), and red mud (Rm). In this study, five binder mixtures using different proportions of Fa, G, L, and Rm were blended into MDC with different water contents varying in a range of 1.2 to 2.0 times the liquid limit (LL) value. Tests of unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio, swelling, and shrinkage were performed on the stabilized MDC mixtures. As a result, large increases in the strength and bearing capacity as well as significant reductions of the swelling and shrinkage values of the stabilized MDC mixtures were recorded compared with unstabilized MDC. Scanning electric microscope and X-ray diffraction analyses were performed to observe the formation and presence of gels inside the stabilized MDC mixtures. Regarding environmental impact, the pH of the stabilized MDC mixtures did not increase above the corrosive limit (pH = 12.5) by the measured pH value. These results indicate that the new green binder can be used as an effective stabilizer for the stabilization of MDC in coastal road construction.

Influence of Fly Ash Addition on Behavior of Soft Clayey Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5A) ◽  
pp. 698-706
Author(s):  
Hussein H. Karim ◽  
Zeena W. Samueel ◽  
Adel H. Jassem
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of the fly Ash addition on the Geotechnical properties of soft soil as well as chooses the optimum percentage added of fly ash. To understand the behavior of fly ash mixed with soil, a number of laboratory experiments testing conducted on clayey soil-fly ash mixture in several percentages (5,10,15,20,25, and 30%) as Atterberg test, Specific gravity test, compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (C.B.R) Test, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Test, Consolidation Test. Test results indicate rising in plastic limit and liquid limit as fly ash adding.  Specific gravity decreased essentially by adding fly ash. Whereas there was falling on the Dry unit weight value with the contract to the decreasing in the water content.  The CBR and UCS values were increased with increasing fly ash content. 20% was the optimum fly Ash content. This study also benefits the effective use of fly ash and thus a cost-effective method for improving the soil properties.

scholarly journals Effect of Calcium and Sodium Ions in Soft Clay Using Electrokinetic Stabilisation Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1433-1437
Author(s):  
Nurul Syakeera Nordin ◽  
Saiful Azhar Ahmad Tajudin ◽  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Riduan Yunus ◽  
Mohamad Azim Mohammad Azmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Voltage Gradient ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
The Difference

Electrokinetic Stabilisation (EKS) technique is a combination process of electroosmosis and chemical grouting. This study involves the investigation on the EKS technique performances in stabilising soft clay soils. Stabilising agents will assist the EKS technique by inducing it to the soil under direct current and its movements which is governed by the principle of electrokinetic (EK). The objective of this research is to study the effectiveness of EKS technique in increasing the strength of soft clays. Two reactors were set up by using 1.0 M of calcium chloride (CaCl2), sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) as the electrolyte and stainless steel plates as the electrodes. EKS technique was being performed for 21 days period of time with a constant voltage gradient (50 V/m). This technique was carried out in two phases where the difference between them is a combination of the stabilising agent. The two combinations of stabilising agents in phase 1 and phase 2 were CaCl2 – distilled water (DW) and CaCl2 – Na2SiO3, respectively. The difference was, one was using distilled water while the other was using Na2SiO3. Results of the strength, liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), plasticity index (PI), pH and ion concentration test towards untreated and treated soil were presented. Showing the strength of treated soil for both phases was increasing near the cathode section with 27.83 kPa and 27.67 kPa. LL and PI for treated soil showed the highest value which occurred near the cathode, while PL seems consistant with the values from untreated soil. The Calcium (Ca+) and sodium (Na+) concentrations in soil were increasing compared to the untreated soil, hence it has proven that the application of stabilisers in EK treatment is more effective in increasing the strength and the stability of soils.

scholarly journals Impact of Silica on Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil Present in Edfu- Aswan, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Ashraf Ghanem ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Fume ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Cohesive Soils ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Glass Spheres ◽  
A Site

It may be necessary to improve the engineering properties of clayey soils to make them suitable for construction by using some kind of stabilization methods. Treatment with lime, cement or waste materials such as silica fume (SF) has traditionally been used for the stabilization of clayey soils. The soil chosen in this research was extracted from a site in Edfu- Aswan, Egypt. Investigating the effect of properties of cohesive soils when mixed with SF is the main objective of this study. Silica fume is a mineral made up of ultra-fine solid, amorphous silicon dioxide glass spheres (SiO2) from the metallurgical industries company (E.JS.C) in Edfu. A series of laboratory experiments for samples prepared with different percentages were implemented of SF 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%,8%, and 10%. The results show that the blend will increase the maximum dry density of clayey soils. Their Plasticity Index and the liquid limit would increase, the permeability of clayey soil decreases, the unconfined compression strength will increase. All of these results can be summarized to say that the engineering properties of cohesive soils can be improved by combining Silica Fume and clayey soils together.

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