Physiological and biochemical responses of Festuca sinensis seedlings to temperature and soil moisture stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Jian-Jun Wang ◽  
Wei-Hu Lin ◽  
Yan-Ting Zhao ◽  
Cheng Meng ◽  
An-Wei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The interaction effects between temperature and soil moisture on Festuca sinensis Keng ex E.B.Alexeev were analysed to determine how F. sinensis responds to these environmental conditions. A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under simulated growth conditions with four soil moisture contents (80, 65, 50 and 35% relative saturation moisture content) and three temperature conditions (15, 20 and 25°C). Physiological (relative water content and root activity) and biochemical parameters (chlorophyll, peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein, soluble sugar and free proline) were evaluated at the seedling stage. Results showed that with a decrease in soil water content, the POD activities, MDA content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and free proline content of plants under the 15°C and 20°C treatments initially decreased and then increased, whereas they increased with a decrease of soil water content at 25°C. The relative water contents of plants under the three temperature treatments decreased with a decreasing soil moisture content, but then increased temperature significantly reduced the relative water content of the seedlings under low soil water content. The chlorophyll contents of plants under the 25°C treatment decreased with a decrease of soil moisture content, but those of plants under the 15°C and 20°C treatments initially increased and then decreased. The root activities of plants under the 15°C and 20°C treatments increased with a decreasing soil moisture content; however, those of plants under the 25°C treatment initially increased and then decreased. Thus, results indicated that changes of temperature and soil moisture content had significant and complicated effects on the physiological-biochemical characteristics of F. sinensis; the conditions of 20°C and 65% RSMC had positive effects on F. sinensis seedling growth and the appropriate drought stress could promote the growth of seedling roots under the three different temperature conditions. In conclusion, F. sinensis seedlings could adapt to certain changes in the ecological environment by regulating their physiological and biochemical reactions.

scholarly journals Study on Runoff and Infiltration for Expansive Soil Slopes in Simulated Rainfall

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Wenkai Lei ◽  
Hongyuan Dong ◽  
Pan Chen ◽  
Haibo Lv ◽  
Liyun Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Initial Soil Moisture ◽  
Initial Soil

In order to understand the hydrological process of expansive soil slopes, simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to study the effects of slope gradient and initial soil moisture content on runoff and infiltration for expansive soil slopes located in south China. The field program consisted of four neighboring slopes (70%, 47%, 32%, and 21%) instrumented by a runoff collection system and moisture content sensors (EC-5). Results from the monitored tests indicate that there was delay in the response of surface runoff. The runoff initiation time decreased with initial soil water content and increasing slope gradient. After the generation of runoff, the cumulative runoff per unit area and the runoff rate increased linearly and logarithmically with time, respectively. The greater the initial soil moisture content was, the smaller the influence of slope gradient on runoff. A rainfall may contribute from 39% to about 100% of its total rainfall as infiltration, indicating that infiltration remained an important component of the rainwater falling on the slope, despite the high initial soil water content. The larger the initial sealing degree of slope surface was the smaller the cumulative infiltration per unit area of the slope. However, the soil moisture reaction was more obvious. The influence of inclination is no longer discernible at high initial moisture levels. The greater the initial soil moisture content and the smaller the slope gradient, the weaker was the change of soil water content caused by simulated rainfall. The influence of initial soil moisture content and slope gradient on the processes of flow and changes of soil water content identified in this study may be helpful in the surface water control for expansive soil slopes.

Root effects on soil water and hydraulic properties

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst Gerke ◽  
Rolf Kuchenbuch
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Soil Hydraulic ◽  
Root Effects

AbstractPlants can affect soil moisture and the soil hydraulic properties both directly by root water uptake and indirectly by modifying the soil structure. Furthermore, water in plant roots is mostly neglected when studying soil hydraulic properties. In this contribution, we analyze effects of the moisture content inside roots as compared to bulk soil moisture contents and speculate on implications of non-capillary-bound root water for determination of soil moisture and calibration of soil hydraulic properties.In a field crop of maize (Zea mays) of 75 cm row spacing, we sampled the total soil volumes of 0.7 m × 0.4 m and 0.3 m deep plots at the time of tasseling. For each of the 84 soil cubes of 10 cm edge length, root mass and length as well as moisture content and soil bulk density were determined. Roots were separated in 3 size classes for which a mean root porosity of 0.82 was obtained from the relation between root dry mass density and root bulk density using pycnometers. The spatially distributed fractions of root water contents were compared with those of the water in capillary pores of the soil matrix.Water inside roots was mostly below 2–5% of total soil water content; however, locally near the plant rows it was up to 20%. The results suggest that soil moisture in roots should be separately considered. Upon drying, the relation between the soil and root water may change towards water remaining in roots. Relations depend especially on soil water retention properties, growth stages, and root distributions. Gravimetric soil water content measurement could be misleading and TDR probes providing an integrated signal are difficult to interpret. Root effects should be more intensively studied for improved field soil water balance calculations.

scholarly journals PENGARUH CEKAMAN KURANG AIR TERHADAP BEBERAPA KARAKTER FISIOLOGIS TANAMAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
SETIAWAN SETIAWAN ◽  
TOHARI TOHARI ◽  
DJA’FAR SHIDDIEQ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Relative Water

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan salah satu tanaman<br />penghasil minyak atsiri yang dikenal dengan minyak nilam (patchouli oil).<br />Salah satu kendala dalam pengembangan tanaman nilam adalah peka<br />terhadap kekurangan air. Perubahan iklim cenderung menyebabkan lebih<br />sering terjadi kekeringan di sejumlah wilayah termasuk Indonesia sehingga<br />dalam pengembangan tanaman nilam diperlukan varietas toleran terhadap<br />cekaman kurang air. Terdapat tiga varietas unggul nilam (Tapaktuan,<br />Sidikalang, dan Lhokseumawe) dengan produksi minyak (290-375 kg/ha)<br />dengan kadar patchouli alkohol 32–33%. Penelitian bertujuan untuk<br />mengevaluasi respon fisiologis 4 varietas/aksesi tanaman nilam terhadap<br />cekaman kurang air. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca di Bogor pada<br />tahun 2012. Penelitian menggunakan RAK faktorial dengan tiga ulangan.<br />Faktor  pertama  4  varietas/aksesi  nilam  (V)  yaitu  Sidikalang,<br />Lhokseumawe, Tapaktuan, dan Bio-4. Faktor kedua empat interval<br />penyiraman (W) yaitu 1, 3, 6, dan 9 hari sekali. Evaluasi pengaruh<br />cekaman kurang air dilakukan terhadap beberapa karakter fisiologi<br />tanaman nilam. Pengamatan dilakukan antara lain terhadap peubah kadar<br />lengas tanah, konduktivitas stomata (Gs), laju transpirasi (Tr), kandungan<br />air nisbi (KAN), potensial air daun (PAD) dan kandungan prolin daun.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan kadar lengas tanah,<br />konduktivitas stomata, laju transpirasi, dan KAN pada semua varietas,<br />sedangkan PAD dan kadar prolin meningkat seiring dengan semakin<br />lamanya interval penyiraman. Kadar prolin tertinggi pada interval 9 hari<br />sekali pada varietas Sidikalang. Tidak terdapat perbedaan respon<br />varietas/aksesi nilam yang diuji.<br />Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin Benth, cekaman kurang air, karakter<br />fisiologis.</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is one of plant that produces<br />patchouli oil call patchouli oil. However, patchouli is susceptible to<br />drought. The effect of global warming which changes rainfall pattern<br />caused droughts in several regions including Indonesia. Therefore, it is<br />important to find patchouli variety which is relatively tolerant to drought.<br />Tapaktuan, Sidikalang, dan Lhokseumawe are three varieties of patchouli<br />which produce high essential oil (290-375 kg/ha) with high patchouli<br />alcohol content (32–33%). The objective of this research was to evaluate<br />the physiological responses of four varieties/clone of patchouli to drought.<br />The experiment was conducted at greenhouse at Cimanggu, Bogor from<br />February to July 2012. The research was designed in randomized factorial<br />block design (RBD) with three replications. The first factor was four<br />varieties/clone of patchouli (V) Sidikalang, Lhokseumawe, Tapaktuan, and<br />Bio-4. The second factor was four watering intervals (W) every 1, 3, 6<br />and 9 days of watering. Parameters evaluated were physiological<br />characteristics, soil moisture content, stomatal conductance, transpiration<br />rate (Tr), leaf water potential, relative water content, and proline content of<br />leaf. The results showed that soil moisture content, stomatal conductivity,<br />transpiration rate and relative water content decreased, while leaf water<br />potential and proline levels increased along with the increase of watering<br />intervals. The highest proline level was at interval of nine days watering<br />treatment on Sidikalang varieties. However, all varieties/clone have not<br />different responses to water deficit.<br />Key words: Pogostemon  cablin  Benth,water  deficit,  physiological<br />characteristics</p>

scholarly journals Physiological responses to drought of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl in semi-arid conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Rodrigues Ramos ◽  
Antonio Lucineudo Oliveira Freire
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological behavior of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) plants grown in the field, in Caatinga, during wet and dry seasons. Adult plants were selected for evaluation in March and April (wet season) and May and June (dry season), during 2016. We evaluated the soil water content, water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψπ), relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), photosynthetic rate (A), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous water use efficiency (A/E) and carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci). The reduction in water availability in the soil promoted a marked decrease in soil water potential, which was more affected than the relative water content. The opening of the stomata was affected by the decrease in soil moisture content, reducing the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency. The photosynthesis was more affected than transpiration by the reduction in soil moisture content.

scholarly journals Preliminary analysis of distributed in situ soil moisture measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Brocca ◽  
M. Galli ◽  
M. Stelluti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Moisture Distribution

Abstract. Surface soil moisture content is highly variable in both space and time. Remote sensing can provide an effective methodology for mapping surface moisture content over large areas but ground based measurements are required to test its reliability and to calibrate retrieval algorithms. Recently, we had the opportunity to design and perform an experiment aimed at jointly acquiring measurements of surface soil water content at various locations and remotely sensed hyperspectral data. The area selected for the experiment is located in central Umbria and it extends for 90km2. For the area, detailed lithological and multi-temporal landslide inventory maps were available. We identified eight plots where measurements of soil water content were made using a Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR). The plots range in size from 100m2 to 600m2, and cover a variety of topographic and morphological settings. The TDR measurements were conducted during four days, on 5 April, 15 April, 2 May and 3 May 2004. On 3 May the NERC airborne CASI 2 acquired the hyperspectral data. Preliminary analysis concerning the matching between the landslides and the soil moisture were reported. Statistical and geostatistical analysis investigating the spatial-temporal soil moisture distribution were performed. These results will be compared with the data of surface temperature obtained from the remotely sensed hyperspectral sensor.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Mineralization Modeling in Some Upland Soils in the Western Region of Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Busarin Swanglap ◽  
Chawalit Hongprayoon ◽  
Sunchai Phungern
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Mineral N

<p>A laboratory aerobic incubation experiment was conducted to assess the influence of plant residue, soil moisture content, and soil types on mineralization of organic N. The experimental design was a 2 x 3 x 5, factorial arrangement in a Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with three replications. The three factors were namely ;(1) two levels of plant residue (0 and 4 ton/rai of grinded cassava shoot), (2) three levels of soil moisture (PWP, ½ AWCA, and FC), and (3) Five upland soil series of the Western region of Thailand, consisting of three main soil textures (fine, medium, and coarse texture). Nitrogen mineralized from native and added organic matter was examined at specific time intervals for 1 year. The data was fitted to a logistic mathematical model describing the relation between mineral N versus moisture content (?), level of plant residue (PR), and time (t). The model was verified by predicting the amount of mineral N released under a given condition and the result was compared to the observed value under the same condition. Application of the model for field condition where soil moisture fluctuates was performed by differentiating the original model to obtain the relation between rate of mineral N production versus N (t), which was the implicit function of ?, PR, and t. Stepwise calculation of the cumulative mineral N with time was developed to predict the amount of N mineralized through time. The results revealed that addition of 4 ton/rai plant residue drastically increased mineral N by 3.6 folds. The effect of soil moisture content and mineralization of organic N confirmed the significance of water on microbial activities. A satisfactory result was obtained from the mathematical model verification. The b and R<sup>2</sup> values were close to 1.0 and the t-test were non-significant. A rather high value of RMSE was obtained contributing to the cycles of microbial population fluctuation. Application of the model to the condition of fluctuating soil water content was performed and compared to the observation value at a given level of plant residue application and soil water content.</p>

Influence of trees and topography on soil water content in semi-arid region, the case of an agro-silvo-pastoral ecosystem dominated by Faidherbia albida (Senegal)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djim Diongue ◽  
Didier Orange ◽  
Waly Faye ◽  
Olivier Roupsard ◽  
Frederic Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Rainfall Infiltration ◽  
Faidherbia Albida ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Upper Slope

&lt;p&gt;Vegetation strongly affects the water cycle, and the interactions between vegetation and soil moisture are fundamental for ecological processes in semiarid regions. Therefore, characterizing the variation in soil moisture is important to understand the ecological sustainability of cropping systems towards food security. The present study aims at exploring factors and mechanisms influencing soil moisture variability in the Faidherbia albida (FA) parkland at Sob basin located in the center of Senegal [1]. Volumetric soil moisture content at multiple depths was monitored at 15 locations distributed along a transect (upper slope, mid-slope and lower slope) and different FA tree position (under, at the limit and outside canopy) from August to October 2020. A portable TRIME Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) Tube Probe (IMKO, Germany) was used to determine soil volumetric moisture content while being placed at specific depth intervals inside a PVC access tube set up at each location. Soil moisture was monitored at 10 cm interval from 20 to 420 cm during the rainy season from July to October 2020. Results of soil moisture profiles along the transects exhibit two main zones based on the standard deviation (SD) and the inflection of the coefficient of variation (CV): shallow soil moisture (SSM) and deep soil moisture (DSM). For SSM observed at 20-60 cm of the soil layer, both mean soil moisture and SD increase with depth, the lowest mean value (8%) being observed at the top surface. This soil layer is influenced by rainfall infiltration and daily evaporation. For DSM observed at 70-420 cm, the moisture pattern can be further divided into 4 soil sublayers taking the mean soil moisture vertical distribution as reference: (i) a rainfall infiltration layer (70-160 cm) which appears mainly influenced by cumulative rainfall infiltration in addition to transpiration of grassland and crops (shallow root system); (ii) a rainfall-transpiration layer (170-250 cm) which is still an infiltration layer but more influenced by crops transpiration; (iii) a transpiration layer (260-350 cm) which can be recharged by rainfall infiltration during heavy rainfall and supply deep root system; and (iv) deep transpiration layer (360-400 cm) which has DSM that can be influenced by extremely deep root vegetation such as FA. The factors influencing the soil water content varied with the topography. The soil water content SWC (mean and median value of 27.2 and 29.6% respectively) in the lower slope was significantly higher than that at middle (mean and median value of 14.4 and 13.2 % respectively) and upper slope (mean and median value of 16.8 and 18.4 % respectively). At last, soil water content was positively correlated with the distance from the FA, regardless the slope. The higher water content for both SSM and DSM was observed outside the FA canopy. This result refutes the initial hypothesis of higher SWC under trees and support a more detailed analysis of the infiltration capacity in relationship with the FA position.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;[1] Faidherbia-Flux : https://lped.info/wikiObsSN/?Faidherbia-Flux&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

The effect of water stress on the translocation of recent photosynthate to the roots of young plants of Pinus strobus

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1327-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ursino ◽  
G. Krotkov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
White Pine

White pine plants in their third year of growth were maintained for a 4-month period on soil having a moisture content of either 7% or 14%. In September, at the end of this period and at a time when translocation to the root is known to be high, the plants were permitted to photoassimilate 14CO2, and 8 hours later the distribution of 14C among the root, the old shoot, and the new shoot was determined.The plants maintained for the 4-month period on the 7% soil moisture environment had values for new needle length and root and new shoot fresh weights which were approximately 55–60% of the values from those plants grown on the higher soil moisture environment. However, despite such retarded growth, the magnitude of translocation to the root during the 8 hours after 14CO2 assimilation was only slightly lower in those plants grown on the lower soil moisture environment.From the results it is suggested that the decreased amount of translocation to the roots previously observed in pine plants in June and July cannot be attributed to reduced root metabolic activity and growth caused at that time by lowered soil water content.

scholarly journals Effect of soil moisture content and nitrogen fertilizer on survival, growth and some physiological characteristics of Platycladus orientalis seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 511-523
Author(s):  
Alireza Aliarab ◽  
Elham Okati ◽  
Seyed Ehsan Sadati
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Platycladus Orientalis ◽  
Relative Water

Given the important applications of oriental arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis /L./ Franco), we examined the interaction effects of soil moisture content (SMC) and urea fertilizer on survival, growth and some physiological characteristics of seedlings of this species. In this study, 270 uniform oriental arborvitae seedlings were transplanted in 2 kg containers filled with the top soil of the natural stand in Soorkesh forest reserve. After 2 months, 6 levels of SMC (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 15% and 10%) and 3 levels of urea [control: 0, low nitrogen (LN): 75 mg·kg<sup>–1</sup>, and high nitrogen (HN): 150 mg·kg<sup>–1</sup>] were used from June till the end of the first growing season in 3 replications and 5 seedlings per replication as subsamples. The results showed that all seedlings survived under SMC above 25% in control and urea fertilizer treatments. However, under 15% and 10% SMC, the seedling survival decreased significantly in control treatment, but adding urea fertilizer significantly increased the survival, especially in HN treatment. Growth and morphological properties of seedlings, including root and shoot length, number of first-order lateral roots and total biomass, showed a significant decrease at 75%. Seedling quality index gradually decreased with SMC reduction, but the addition of urea to the soil significantly increased it under all SMC treatments. The results also indicated that a decrease in SMC significantly decreased relative water content of leaves and total chlorophyll content, and urea fertilizer increased total chlorophyll under all SMC treatments, but it increased relative water content only at 100% to 25%. Moreover, water use efficiency of P. orientalis seedlings significantly increased under low soil moisture treatments, and urea significantly increased it, especially under HN treatment. In conclusion, urea fertilizer, especially in the higher amount (150 mg·kg<sup>–1</sup>), improved growth and quality of seedlings under different soil moisture conditions, and increased their survival under severe drought.

scholarly journals Relating surface backscatter response from TRMM Precipitation Radar to soil moisture: results over a semi-arid region

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 6425-6454
Author(s):  
H. Stephen ◽  
S. Ahmad ◽  
T. C. Piechota ◽  
C. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Precipitation Radar ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) carries aboard the Precipitation Radar (TRMMPR) that measures the backscatter (σ°) of the surface. σ° is sensitive to surface soil moisture and vegetation conditions. Due to sparse vegetation in arid and semi-arid regions, TRMMPR σ° primarily depends on the soil water content. In this study we relate TRMMPR σ° measurements to soil water content (ms) in Lower Colorado River Basin (LCRB). σ° dependence on ms is studied for different vegetation greenness values determined through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A new model of σ° that couples incidence angle, ms, and NDVI is used to derive parameters and retrieve soil water content. The calibration and validation of this model are performed using simulated and measured ms data. Simulated ms is estimated using Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model whereas measured ms is acquired from ground measuring stations in Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW). σ° model is calibrated using VIC and WGEW ms data during 1998 and the calibrated model is used to derive ms during later years. The temporal trends of derived ms are consistent with VIC and WGEW ms data with correlation coefficient (R) of 0.89 and 0.74, respectively. Derived ms is also consistent with the measured precipitation data with R=0.76. The gridded VIC data is used to calibrate the model at each grid point in LCRB and spatial maps of the model parameters are prepared. The model parameters are spatially coherent with the general regional topography in LCRB. TRMMPR σ° derived soil moisture maps during May (dry) and August (wet) 1999 are spatially similar to VIC estimates with correlation 0.67 and 0.76, respectively. This research provides new insights into Ku-band σ° dependence on soil water content in the arid regions.

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