scholarly journals PENGARUH CEKAMAN KURANG AIR TERHADAP BEBERAPA KARAKTER FISIOLOGIS TANAMAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
SETIAWAN SETIAWAN ◽  
TOHARI TOHARI ◽  
DJA’FAR SHIDDIEQ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Relative Water

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan salah satu tanaman<br />penghasil minyak atsiri yang dikenal dengan minyak nilam (patchouli oil).<br />Salah satu kendala dalam pengembangan tanaman nilam adalah peka<br />terhadap kekurangan air. Perubahan iklim cenderung menyebabkan lebih<br />sering terjadi kekeringan di sejumlah wilayah termasuk Indonesia sehingga<br />dalam pengembangan tanaman nilam diperlukan varietas toleran terhadap<br />cekaman kurang air. Terdapat tiga varietas unggul nilam (Tapaktuan,<br />Sidikalang, dan Lhokseumawe) dengan produksi minyak (290-375 kg/ha)<br />dengan kadar patchouli alkohol 32–33%. Penelitian bertujuan untuk<br />mengevaluasi respon fisiologis 4 varietas/aksesi tanaman nilam terhadap<br />cekaman kurang air. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca di Bogor pada<br />tahun 2012. Penelitian menggunakan RAK faktorial dengan tiga ulangan.<br />Faktor  pertama  4  varietas/aksesi  nilam  (V)  yaitu  Sidikalang,<br />Lhokseumawe, Tapaktuan, dan Bio-4. Faktor kedua empat interval<br />penyiraman (W) yaitu 1, 3, 6, dan 9 hari sekali. Evaluasi pengaruh<br />cekaman kurang air dilakukan terhadap beberapa karakter fisiologi<br />tanaman nilam. Pengamatan dilakukan antara lain terhadap peubah kadar<br />lengas tanah, konduktivitas stomata (Gs), laju transpirasi (Tr), kandungan<br />air nisbi (KAN), potensial air daun (PAD) dan kandungan prolin daun.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan kadar lengas tanah,<br />konduktivitas stomata, laju transpirasi, dan KAN pada semua varietas,<br />sedangkan PAD dan kadar prolin meningkat seiring dengan semakin<br />lamanya interval penyiraman. Kadar prolin tertinggi pada interval 9 hari<br />sekali pada varietas Sidikalang. Tidak terdapat perbedaan respon<br />varietas/aksesi nilam yang diuji.<br />Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin Benth, cekaman kurang air, karakter<br />fisiologis.</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is one of plant that produces<br />patchouli oil call patchouli oil. However, patchouli is susceptible to<br />drought. The effect of global warming which changes rainfall pattern<br />caused droughts in several regions including Indonesia. Therefore, it is<br />important to find patchouli variety which is relatively tolerant to drought.<br />Tapaktuan, Sidikalang, dan Lhokseumawe are three varieties of patchouli<br />which produce high essential oil (290-375 kg/ha) with high patchouli<br />alcohol content (32–33%). The objective of this research was to evaluate<br />the physiological responses of four varieties/clone of patchouli to drought.<br />The experiment was conducted at greenhouse at Cimanggu, Bogor from<br />February to July 2012. The research was designed in randomized factorial<br />block design (RBD) with three replications. The first factor was four<br />varieties/clone of patchouli (V) Sidikalang, Lhokseumawe, Tapaktuan, and<br />Bio-4. The second factor was four watering intervals (W) every 1, 3, 6<br />and 9 days of watering. Parameters evaluated were physiological<br />characteristics, soil moisture content, stomatal conductance, transpiration<br />rate (Tr), leaf water potential, relative water content, and proline content of<br />leaf. The results showed that soil moisture content, stomatal conductivity,<br />transpiration rate and relative water content decreased, while leaf water<br />potential and proline levels increased along with the increase of watering<br />intervals. The highest proline level was at interval of nine days watering<br />treatment on Sidikalang varieties. However, all varieties/clone have not<br />different responses to water deficit.<br />Key words: Pogostemon  cablin  Benth,water  deficit,  physiological<br />characteristics</p>

scholarly journals Physiological responses to drought of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl in semi-arid conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Rodrigues Ramos ◽  
Antonio Lucineudo Oliveira Freire
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological behavior of faveleira (Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl) plants grown in the field, in Caatinga, during wet and dry seasons. Adult plants were selected for evaluation in March and April (wet season) and May and June (dry season), during 2016. We evaluated the soil water content, water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψπ), relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), photosynthetic rate (A), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous water use efficiency (A/E) and carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci). The reduction in water availability in the soil promoted a marked decrease in soil water potential, which was more affected than the relative water content. The opening of the stomata was affected by the decrease in soil moisture content, reducing the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency. The photosynthesis was more affected than transpiration by the reduction in soil moisture content.

scholarly journals Correlations of Leaf Relative Water Content, Canopy Temperature, and Spectral Reflectance in Perennial Ryegrass Under Water Deficit Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Jiang ◽  
Huifen Liu ◽  
Van Cline
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Accurate, rapid, and nondestructive estimates of turfgrass leaf water status are important for site-specific irrigation and drought stress management. The objective of this study was to identify changes and correlations among the canopy reflectance, canopy temperature, and leaf relative water content (RWC) of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) under water deficit conditions. Six cultivars of perennial ryegrass were subjected to dry-downs in the field from May to Aug. 2007 and from June to Aug. 2008. Turf quality was positively correlated with soil moisture (SM), RWC, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), but negatively correlated with canopy and ambient temperature differentials (ΔT). ΔT was well correlated with RWC (r = –0.77 to –0.78) and SM (r = –0.66 to –0.74), whereas SM was correlated with RWC (r = 0.64 to 0.74) across seasons in both years. When a wide range of stress symptoms occurred in July and Aug., RWCs became highly correlated with ΔT (r = –0.80 to –0.89) and NDVI (r = 0.77 to 0.81), whereas ΔT was correlated with NDVI (r = –0.70 to –0.80) in both years. SM was well correlated with RWC (r = 0.71 to 0.80), NDVI (r = 0.70 to 0.73), and ΔT (r = –0.76 to –0.78) in July and August in both years. These results suggest that changes in ΔT can be used to predict well the leaf water and soil moisture content of perennial ryegrass under water deficit conditions. Combined with NDVI, the correlations can be used for direct mapping of the variability in grass water status, thus improving irrigation management.

scholarly journals Effect of soil moisture content and nitrogen fertilizer on survival, growth and some physiological characteristics of Platycladus orientalis seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 511-523
Author(s):  
Alireza Aliarab ◽  
Elham Okati ◽  
Seyed Ehsan Sadati
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Platycladus Orientalis ◽  
Relative Water

Given the important applications of oriental arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis /L./ Franco), we examined the interaction effects of soil moisture content (SMC) and urea fertilizer on survival, growth and some physiological characteristics of seedlings of this species. In this study, 270 uniform oriental arborvitae seedlings were transplanted in 2 kg containers filled with the top soil of the natural stand in Soorkesh forest reserve. After 2 months, 6 levels of SMC (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 15% and 10%) and 3 levels of urea [control: 0, low nitrogen (LN): 75 mg·kg<sup>–1</sup>, and high nitrogen (HN): 150 mg·kg<sup>–1</sup>] were used from June till the end of the first growing season in 3 replications and 5 seedlings per replication as subsamples. The results showed that all seedlings survived under SMC above 25% in control and urea fertilizer treatments. However, under 15% and 10% SMC, the seedling survival decreased significantly in control treatment, but adding urea fertilizer significantly increased the survival, especially in HN treatment. Growth and morphological properties of seedlings, including root and shoot length, number of first-order lateral roots and total biomass, showed a significant decrease at 75%. Seedling quality index gradually decreased with SMC reduction, but the addition of urea to the soil significantly increased it under all SMC treatments. The results also indicated that a decrease in SMC significantly decreased relative water content of leaves and total chlorophyll content, and urea fertilizer increased total chlorophyll under all SMC treatments, but it increased relative water content only at 100% to 25%. Moreover, water use efficiency of P. orientalis seedlings significantly increased under low soil moisture treatments, and urea significantly increased it, especially under HN treatment. In conclusion, urea fertilizer, especially in the higher amount (150 mg·kg<sup>–1</sup>), improved growth and quality of seedlings under different soil moisture conditions, and increased their survival under severe drought.

Physiological and biochemical responses of Festuca sinensis seedlings to temperature and soil moisture stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Jian-Jun Wang ◽  
Wei-Hu Lin ◽  
Yan-Ting Zhao ◽  
Cheng Meng ◽  
An-Wei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The interaction effects between temperature and soil moisture on Festuca sinensis Keng ex E.B.Alexeev were analysed to determine how F. sinensis responds to these environmental conditions. A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under simulated growth conditions with four soil moisture contents (80, 65, 50 and 35% relative saturation moisture content) and three temperature conditions (15, 20 and 25°C). Physiological (relative water content and root activity) and biochemical parameters (chlorophyll, peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein, soluble sugar and free proline) were evaluated at the seedling stage. Results showed that with a decrease in soil water content, the POD activities, MDA content, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and free proline content of plants under the 15°C and 20°C treatments initially decreased and then increased, whereas they increased with a decrease of soil water content at 25°C. The relative water contents of plants under the three temperature treatments decreased with a decreasing soil moisture content, but then increased temperature significantly reduced the relative water content of the seedlings under low soil water content. The chlorophyll contents of plants under the 25°C treatment decreased with a decrease of soil moisture content, but those of plants under the 15°C and 20°C treatments initially increased and then decreased. The root activities of plants under the 15°C and 20°C treatments increased with a decreasing soil moisture content; however, those of plants under the 25°C treatment initially increased and then decreased. Thus, results indicated that changes of temperature and soil moisture content had significant and complicated effects on the physiological-biochemical characteristics of F. sinensis; the conditions of 20°C and 65% RSMC had positive effects on F. sinensis seedling growth and the appropriate drought stress could promote the growth of seedling roots under the three different temperature conditions. In conclusion, F. sinensis seedlings could adapt to certain changes in the ecological environment by regulating their physiological and biochemical reactions.

scholarly journals Physiological Mechanism and Genotypic Variation in Drought Tolerance of Processing Carrots

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 855C-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajasekaran Lada* ◽  
Azure Stiles ◽  
Christine Pettipas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Xylem Pressure Potential ◽  
Relative Water

Processing carrots are mainly grown under rain-fed conditions in Nova Scotia, and thus become vulnerable to frequent periods of drought. Prolonged drought results in significant reductions in the yield and quality of carrot crops. Resistance to water deficit is gene controlled and it is essential to identify the genotypes that withstand water stress. It is equally important to understand the physiological mechanism(s) that contribute to drought tolerance. Physiological measurements were made on eight carrot varieties exposed to natural drought in a controlled greenhouse. Measurements were made on net photosynthesis, soil moisture, relative water content, membrane injury index, xylem pressure potential, and stem elongation. Overall, the slicer variety Bergen sustained normal plant functions under drought stress better than any of the other varieties. Bergen maintained stem elongation, photosynthetic activity, membrane function, and relative water content under droughted conditions. Another study was conducted to identify carrot varieties that are naturally resistant to drought. A mass screening of 85 slicer, dicer, and cut and peel varieties was conducted under greenhouse conditions. Two-week-old seedlings were exposed to gradual water deficit and observed for visual symptoms of wilting each day as soil moisture declined. Each variety was assigned a wilting score based upon the number of days it withstood drought (min = 1, max = 5). The dicer variety, Prodigy, was the only variety to score a 5 indicating the most drought resistance. Other varieties that withstood drought well were `Caropak', `Interceptor', `Oranza', and `Berlanda'. Varieties such as KC713126, Cello712113, and Cello711411 were more sensitive to water deficit and began to wilt 8 days after drought was imposed.

scholarly journals Growth and physiological response of two biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes bred for different environments, to contrasting levels of soil moisture

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Barbanti ◽  
Ahmad Sher ◽  
Giuseppe Di Girolamo ◽  
Elio Cirillo ◽  
Muhammad Ansar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Relative Water

A better understanding of plant mechanisms in response to drought is a strong premise to achieving high yields while saving unnecessary water. This is especially true in the case of biomass crops for non-food uses (energy, fibre and forage), grown with limited water supply. In this frame, we investigated growth and physiological response of two genotypes of biomass sorghum (<em>Sorghum bicolor</em> (L.) Moench) to contrasting levels of soil moisture in a pot experiment carried out in a greenhouse. Two water regimes (high and low water, corresponding to 70% and 30% field capacity) were applied to JS-2002 and Trudan-8 sorghum genotypes, respectively bred for dry sub-tropical and mild temperate conditions. Two harvests were carried out at 73 and 105 days after seeding. Physiological traits (transpiration, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance) were assessed in four dates during growth. Leaf water potential, its components and relative water content were determined at the two harvests. Low watering curbed plant height and aboveground biomass to a similar extent (ca. 􀀀70%) in both genotypes. JS-2002 exhibited a higher proportion of belowground to aboveground biomass, <em>i.e</em>., a morphology better suited to withstand drought. Despite this, JS-2002 was more affected by low water in terms of physiology: during the growing season, the average ratio in transpiration, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance between droughty and well watered plants was, respectively, 0.82, 0.80 and 0.79 in JS-2002; 1.05, 1.08 and 1.03 in Trudan-8. Hence Trudan-8 evidenced a ca. 20% advantage in the three traits. In addition, Trudan-8 could better exploit abundant moisture (70% field capacity), increasing aboveground biomass and water use efficiency. In both genotypes, drought led to very low levels of leaf water potential and relative water content, still supporting photosynthesis. Hence, both morphological and physiological characteristics of sorghum were involved in plant adaptation to drought, in accordance with previous results. Conversely, the common assumption that genotypes best performing under wet conditions are less suited to face drought was contradicted by the results of the two genotypes in our experiment. This discloses a potential to be further exploited in programmes of biomass utilization for various end uses, although further evidence at greenhouse and field level is needed to corroborate this finding.

Development of calibration algorithms for selected water content reflectometry probes for burned and non-burned organic soils of Alaska

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Bourgeau-Chavez ◽  
Gordon C. Garwood ◽  
Kevin Riordan ◽  
Benjamin W. Koziol ◽  
James Slawski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Probe Type

Water content reflectometry is a method used by many commercial manufacturers of affordable sensors to electronically estimate soil moisture content. Field‐deployable and handheld water content reflectometry probes were used in a variety of organic soil‐profile types in Alaska. These probes were calibrated using 65 organic soil samples harvested from these burned and unburned, primarily moss‐dominated sites in the boreal forest. Probe output was compared with gravimetrically measured volumetric moisture content, to produce calibration algorithms for surface‐down‐inserted handheld probes in specific soil‐profile types, as well as field‐deployable horizontally inserted probes in specific organic soil horizons. General organic algorithms for each probe type were also developed. Calibrations are statistically compared to determine their suitability. The resulting calibrations showed good agreement with in situ validation and varied from the default mineral‐soil‐based calibrations by 20% or more. These results are of particular interest to researchers measuring soil moisture content with water content reflectometry probes in soils with high organic content.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document