Extractive Industries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Pieth
Keyword(s):  
Oil Industry ◽  
Global South ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Business Sectors

This chapter focuses on extractive industries, which are among the business sectors most exposed to corruption. Typically, they are dependent on licenses by government agencies, frequently in states with little income other than royalties from mining or from the oil industry. Often these states are located in the global South with weak government structures. It is a common feature in these states that a small elite rapidly become extraordinarily rich, while the population at large remains in deep poverty. Oil and mining companies, traders, and the finance industries may not actually be in the driving seat, but they very frequently go along and participate in the organized plunder. They are regularly fully aware that the funds they pay to officials are going to be stolen. Sometimes they actively engage in bribery to secure drilling or mining licenses. Other players, like traders, indirectly profit of the systemic graft by elites.

scholarly journals Issues of Accounting Presentation of Metals and Mining Companies at Key Exploration Work Stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
A. S. Mal’tsev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Asset Impairment ◽  
Alternative Methodology ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Mineral Reserves

The paper provides an overview of the main stages and types of exploration works for solid minerals according to the current regulatory documents of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation, and also considers the features of accounting for these works in conformity with the requirements of RAS 24/2011 “Accounting for the costs on exploitation of natural resources”, IFRS 6 “Exploration and Assessment of Mineral Reserves” and IAS 36 “Asset Impairment”. According to the results of a comparative analysis of RAS and IFRS, assessment of the methods for reflecting exploration work in the accounting of mining companies, an analysis of their impact on management decisions by stakeholders is carried out. The theoretical and practical significance of the study is to justify the need to develop an alternative methodology for accounting and presentation of accounting information on the results of exploration, based on a phased increase in the reliability of knowledge about subsoil areas. The study is primarily interest to government agencies for improving the legislative regulation of accounting, credit institutions and mining companies in conducting investment analysis of customers and partners.

scholarly journals Digital Transformation vs COVID-19: the Case of Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzo Iida
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Society ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electronic Contracts ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Business Sectors

Whilst the DX policy of the Japanese government started in 2001, then called the E-Japan Strategy and being replaced a few years later by the i-Japan Strategy, in the 20 years since then IT has not been a success in Japan’s administrative system. On the other hand, the private sector, concerned about Japan’s lagging in its adoption of information technology, has been gradually moving forward to DX measures, such as electronic contracts. Then, this year, the COVID-19 pandemic broke out. Japan is (as of July 2020) about to experience a second wave of this disease. The need for DX has become imperative in all aspects of Japanese society, especially the government and business sectors. In the first half of 2020, the government set up DX policy rapidly; for example, civil court proceedings, the traditional carve seals custom, and the submission of administrative documents to government agencies have also been forced to move forward to DX due to COVID-19. It might be said that the crisis has been the catalyst for Japan’s shift to DX. However, it will be at least a few years before it can be known whether Japan’s DX will succeed, looking at the past examples within the Japanese bureaucratic system and politicians’ attitudes towards DX.

scholarly journals Climate Change Litigation in the Global South: Filling in Gaps

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Joana Setzer ◽  
Lisa Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Global South ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Homogenous Group ◽  
The Relationship

New scholarship has identified trends, constraints, and opportunities for climate litigation in the Global South. While countries in the Global South tend to experience a lack of capacity within government agencies, civil society, and the judiciary, the Global South is not a homogenous group. Where climate litigation has been identified, the judiciary is often implementing government policy prescriptions in the absence of detailed climate legislation or filling enforcement gaps. But there are also a number of countries where climate litigation is not taking place or where gaps exist between ongoing litigation and traditional definitions of climate litigation. The scholarship is yet to further explore the relationship between climate legislation and litigation in the Global South, in particular in circumstances where ripe policy and legislative conditions for climate litigation exist. Taking into account different regional and national experiences, this essay explores that relationship.

TIER-2 IN EAST ASIA1: CHALLENGES AND ANSWERS

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Alexander Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
International Media ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Tier 3 ◽  
And Training

ABSTRACT On numerous occasions, East Asia has been affected by marine oil spills incidents, originating from tankers and other types of ships. Important spills incidents that involved the IOPC Funds in the last decade (e.g. Nakhodka, Evoikos, Natuna Sea and Solar 1 …) indicate an average occurrence of one spill per year. This figure remains significantly high when considering that some States in the region are still not parties to international compensation regimes. In addition, numerous incidents do not benefit of international media coverage, thus making them often unnoticed. Lower scale incidents (within the range of hundreds of tonnes) occur on a more frequent basis and may appear trivial to respond to. Nevertheless, they represent the same range of difficulties experienced during larger scale incidents (logistics, suitable means to apply dispersants promptly and effectively, availability of temporary storage, lack of plan and training …) In terms of response, the ultimate authority in the coordination of spill response activities is in the hands of Government Agencies. However, the equipment and manpower available belong in various proportions to both Government Agencies and the Oil Industry. The latter operates numerous oil terminals and offshore facilities and is responsible to respond to minor spills defined as Tier 1. In the case of a large spill that exceeds the on-site capability, Tier 3 Cooperatives funded by the vast majority of major companies were created to assist and complement the local response, by offering access to a large range of special supplementary resources and services, such as the Airborne Dispersant Delivery System. Whilst Tiers 1 and 3 are well defined and are respectively synonyms of small and huge oil spill incidents, there is a lack of clarity and consistency in-between, thus making the Tier 2 response difficult to define. This gap that is often underestimated and may result in a preparedness weakness leading to unfortunate consequences. The aim of this paper is to analyse the Tier-2 response requirements and to discuss on the challenges of implementing effective measures in a region where the only imports of crude oil of China have more than doubled in the past five years.

Investor-State Arbitration in Domestic Mining Conflicts

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-49
Author(s):  
Zoe Phillips Williams
Keyword(s):  
International Investment ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Nonstate Actors ◽  
Extractive Industry ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
International Investment Agreements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Investment Agreements

International investment agreements (IIAs) give conflicts between mining companies and communities a transnational dimension, allowing investors to sue a state before an IIA tribunal. While investor-state disputes related to extractive industries arise from a wide range of state actions, an important subset are triggered by domestic conflicts between anti-mining groups and foreign companies. How does arbitration affect anti-mining movements? I argue that IIAs limit the government’s responsiveness to domestic pressure, reducing the ability of domestic nonstate actors to influence policies governing the extractive industry. However, it cannot be assumed that states would support these groups even without investor pressure; IIAs only have this effect when anti-mining groups are able to change the state’s preference toward the investment.

scholarly journals PRAKTIK SOSIAL PERTAMBANGAN: Suatu Studi Penanganan Konflik Oleh Sebuah Perusahaan Izin Clear and Clear di Ulayat Penghulu Nan Salapan, Nagari Lunang Utara

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Alen Saprika ◽  
Afrizal Afrizal ◽  
Azwar Azwar
Keyword(s):  
Structuration Theory ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Sustainable Mining ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Government

The concept of the clear and clean permit has been implemented since 2011 by the Indonesia government to produce sustainable mining practices. This concept is applied by the government due to the occurrence of conflicts in Indonesia. This article presents the results of research findings concerning the influence of clear and clean permits to social practices of mining. The study used structuration theory and using qualitative research method what has been studied is the use of government regulations by mining companies, related government agencies, and local communities to legitimize and understands their actions. A case PT. Tripabara operating in Nagari Lunang Utara has been studied. This article would like to show that although the company has obtained a clear and clean license, sustainable mining practices are not carried out. The article discussed the causes of unsustainable mining practices by PT. Tripabara. Two things will be revealed: the first is status of clear and clear permits obtained by the company is used by the company officials to claim that their mining practice is sustainable, while the community based their understanding of the company behavior on the company’s actions to tackle environmental problems and conflict of land acquisition.

Mining disaster in the Doce River: Dilemma between governance and participation

2021 ◽  
pp. 001139212110592
Author(s):  
Cristiana Losekann ◽  
Bruno Milanez
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Doce River

In this article, we assess how the demand for participation modified the governance structure initially proposed to deal with the reparation of impacts caused by the failure of the Fundão dam in Mariana (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Throughout the text, we identify how mining companies sought to build a solution based on a complex structure of governance with the consent of government agencies. We also verify that, in contrast, social movements pressured justice institutions for alternatives that guarantee some level of participation of the affected communities. As a result of this interaction, we argue that a hybrid system was created, which proved excessively slow, highly inefficient and unable to meet the main demands of the affected people.

scholarly journals Changes to land tenure and pastoral lease ownership in Western Australia’s central rangelands: implications for co-operative, landscape-scale management

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie J. B. van Etten
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pastoral Lease ◽  
Management And Conservation

The majority of arid and semiarid land in the Western Australian pastoral zone has a long history of livestock grazing within an extensive network of predominantly family-held pastoral leases. A variety of different groups have purchased pastoral leases in the last five decades and, for many, making a profit from pastoralism is no longer a priority. For the central rangelands of Western Australia, these groups have included: government agencies, who have purchased some 9% of pastoral leases by area; private conservation organisations (<1% purchased); aboriginal communities and groups (~7%); and mining companies (~13%). The purchases of pastoral leases by government agencies was designed to improve the conservation status of arid-zone ecosystems, and is the first step in a process of changing land tenure to a conservation reserve. This paper summarises the extent and other characteristics of these changes in land tenure and ownership of pastoral leases, and explores the implications for land management and conservation, stemming from these changes. It demonstrates that large areas of contiguous land with no or reduced domestic stocking can now be found in many parts of these rangelands, particularly in the Coolgardie, Yalgoo and Pilbara bio-regions, with some leaseholders actively managing land for the conservation of biodiversity and restoring sites degraded through past over-grazing. In some bio-regions, such land covers considerable proportions of sub-catchments, suggesting that broad-scale conservation management and restoration objectives may be realised. It is argued that to fully realise these objectives requires effective communication and co-ordination between land managers, including sharing of ideas, view-points and resources. In particular, mining companies, now major holders of pastoral leases in Western Australia, can play an important role in contributing to and even facilitating such objectives.

scholarly journals Impact of the Moral Recovery Program for Drug Surrenderees in Cavite

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 901-908
Author(s):  
Eunice M Carpizo ◽  
Ainee Grace S Sansano
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Police ◽  
Recovery Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business Sectors ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

Introduction: The main objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of the moral-recovery program done by different religious organizations in cooperation with the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) of the Philippines, Philippine National Police, Local Governments Units, and Non-government Agencies and various business sectors.  Method: A total of 131 drug surenderees from Cavite, Philippines were purposively selected to participate in the study. One hundred fourteen (87%) respondents are male and 17 (13%) are female. Survey questionnaires and interviews were used to gather the data to find out how the program made an impact to the morality of the surrenderees. Frequency and percentages were used for statistical analysis. Result: Results showed that after attending the 3-month moral recovery program, 111 (85%) of the drug surenderees resolved to stop using drugs, 64 (49%) committed to attend church regularly, 98 (75%) have a better relationship with God, and 23 (18%) have a healthier perspective in life and became more responsible members of their own families. The respondents, who were influenced by their friends to use drugs, after attending the 12-session moral recovery program that lasted for three months, changed their lives dramatically from turning to drugs to turning to God in solving their problems. Discussion: This proved that the program helped the drug surenderees to improve their lives and relationship with God and with other people. Since this program is mandated by the government, it is recommended that further studies on the impact of the moral recovery program in other areas in the Philippines be done.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document