Radiation dose from 3D rotational X-ray imaging: organ and effective dose with conversion factors

Abstract The present study evaluated the organ and effective doses in infant diagnostic cardiac catheterisation performed using a modern x-ray imaging unit by in-phantom dosimetry. In addition, conversion factors from dose–area product (DAP) to effective dose were determined. The organ and effective doses in 1-year old during diagnostic cardiac catheterisations were measured using radiophotoluminescence glass dosemeters implanted into an infant anthropomorphic phantom. The mean effective doses, evaluated according to the International Commission on Radiologic Protection Publication 103, were 4.0 mSv (range: 1.5–8.7 mSv). The conversion factors from DAP to effective dose were 2 and 3.5 mSv (Gy cm2)−1 for posteroanterior and lateral fluoroscopy, respectively, and 1.8 and 3.3 mSv (Gy cm2)−1 for posteroanterior and lateral cineangiography, respectively. The dose data and conversion factors evaluated in the present study may be useful for estimating radiation exposure in infants during diagnostic cardiac catheterisation.

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Using 100- instead of 120-kVp computed tomography to diagnose pulmonary embolism almost halves the radiation dose with preserved diagnostic quality

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.3109/02841850903505222 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 260-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Peter Björkdahl ◽

Ulf Nyman

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Image Quality ◽

Radiation Dose ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Ct Number ◽

Subjective Image Quality ◽

Diagnostic Quality ◽

X Ray ◽

Tube Potential

Background: Concern has been raised regarding the mounting collective radiation doses from computed tomography (CT), increasing the risk of radiation-induced cancers in exposed populations. Purpose: To compare radiation dose and image quality in a chest phantom and in patients for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) at 100 and 120 peak kilovoltage (kVp) using 16-multichannel detector computed tomography (MDCT). Material and Methods: A 20-ml syringe containing 12 mg I/ml was scanned in a chest phantom at 100/120 kVp and 25 milliampere seconds (mAs). Consecutive patients underwent 100 kVp ( n = 50) and 120 kVp ( n = 50) 16-MDCT using a “quality reference” effective mAs of 100, 300 mg I/kg, and a 12-s injection duration. Attenuation (CT number), image noise (1 standard deviation), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR; fresh clot = 70 HU) of the contrast medium syringe and pulmonary arteries were evaluated on 3-mm-thick slices. Subjective image quality was assessed. Computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose–length product (DLP) were presented by the CT software, and effective dose was estimated. Results: Mean values in the chest phantom and patients changed as follows when X-ray tube potential decreased from 120 to 100 kVp: attenuation +23% and +40%, noise +38% and +48%, CNR −6% and 0%, and CTDIvol −38% and −40%, respectively. Mean DLP and effective dose in the patients decreased by 42% and 45%, respectively. Subjective image quality was excellent or adequate in 49/48 patients at 100/120 kVp. No patient with a negative CT had any thromboembolism diagnosed during 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: By reducing X-ray tube potential from 120 to 100 kVp, while keeping all other scanning parameters unchanged, the radiation dose to the patient may be almost halved without deterioration of diagnostic quality, which may be of particular benefit in young individuals.

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CONTEMPORARY COLLECTIVE EFFECTIVE DOSE TO THE POPULATION FROM X-RAY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE EXAMINATIONS—CHANGES OVER LAST 10 YEARS IN FINLAND

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncaa045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 189 (3) ◽

pp. 318-322

Author(s):

Ritva Bly ◽

Hannu Järvinen ◽

Sampsa Kaijaluoto ◽

Verneri Ruonala

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Plain Radiography ◽

Conversion Factors ◽

X Ray ◽

Weighting Factors ◽

Effective Doses

Abstract Contemporary collective effective doses to the population from x-ray and nuclear medicine examinations in Finland in 2018 was estimated. The estimated effective dose per caput from x-ray examinations increased from year 2008 to 2018 respectively from 0.45 mSv to 0.72 mSv and from nuclear medicine examinations from 0.03 mSv to 0.04 mSv. The proportional dose due to CT examinations of the total collective effective dose from all x-ray examinations increased from 58% in 2008 to 70% in 2018 and the dose did not change substantially in total when new conversion factors were applied. The collective effective dose from conventional plain radiography did not change substantially during the last ten years while the new (ICRP 103) tissue weighting factors were taken into use in 2018, however frequencies of examinations in total decreased. The collective effective dose from CT in nuclear medicine tripled between 2009 and 2018.

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TU-C-304A-07: X-Ray Tube Current Modulation and Effective Dose Per Unit Dose-Length Product Conversion Factors in CT Dosimetry

Medical Physics ◽

10.1118/1.3182355 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (6Part22) ◽

pp. 2728-2728

Author(s):

E Tavrides ◽

W He ◽

W Huda ◽

H Yao

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

Tube Current Modulation ◽

Dose Length Product ◽

Current Modulation ◽

Conversion Factors ◽

X Ray ◽

Tube Current ◽

Ct Dosimetry ◽

Unit Dose

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Radiation dose to neonates undergoing X-ray imaging in special care baby units in Iran

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncr373 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 150 (1) ◽

pp. 55-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

R. Faghihi ◽

S. Mehdizadeh ◽

S. Sina ◽

F. N. Alizadeh ◽

B. Zeinali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Special Care ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Imaging

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Patient radiation dose reduction using an X-ray imaging noise reduction technology for cardiac angiography and intervention

Heart and Vessels ◽

10.1007/s00380-015-0667-z ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 655-663 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Shigeru Nakamura ◽

Tomoko Kobayashi ◽

Atsushi Funatsu ◽

Tadahisa Okada ◽

Maria Mauti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Noise Reduction ◽

Dose Reduction ◽

Radiation Dose Reduction ◽

X Ray ◽

Cardiac Angiography ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Patient Radiation Dose

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Comparion of Radiation Dose between CT and other X-ray Imaging Systems

Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology ◽

10.6009/jjrt.kj00001355077 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Katsuhiko Murakami ◽

Toshihiko Katakura ◽

Kenji Suzuki ◽

Takeshi Yusa ◽

Sinya Seino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Imaging Systems ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Imaging

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Assessment of radiation dose to pediatric patients during routine digital chest X-ray procedure in a government medical centre in Asaba, Nigeria

Medical Science and Discovery ◽

10.36472/msd.v8i3.493 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 155-160

Author(s):

Asogwa Chijioke Obiora ◽

Hyacienth Uche Chiegwu ◽

Akintayo Daniel Omojola ◽

Ebube Mmeli Onwughalu

Keyword(s):

Radiation Dose ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Age Groups ◽

Absorbed Dose ◽

Field Size ◽

X Ray ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

The Mean ◽

Risk Of Cancer

Objective: Radiation dose to pediatric patients have been widely reported, it is however necessary that imaging expert keep doses as low as possible to forestall stall long term cancer risk. This study is aimed at determining pediatric entrance surface dose (ESD), 75th percentile ESD, absorbed dose (D) and effective dose (E) for 0-15 years. Material and Methods: The study used a digital radiography (DR) unit with a grid system for each chest X-ray. The thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) used was encapsulated in transparent nylon, it was then attached to the patient skin (chest wall) and the second was placed directly at the posterior end of it. Results: The mean ESDs for the 4 age groups were as follows: 0- < 1 (1.54±0.74mGy), 1- < 5 (1.53±0.83mGy), 5- < 10 (0.55±0.39mGy) and 10- ≤15 (1.30±0.57mGy), with an overall mean of 1.23mGy. The 75th percentile ESD for each age group above 10 patients (excluding 5- < 10yrs) was 2.18, 2.19 and 1.75mGy respectively. The absorbed dose (D) ranged from 0.03-2.39mGy. The mean effective dose (E) for the 4 age groups was 0.18±0.03mSv. There was a good correlation between ESD and D (P = 0.001). A One-Way ANOVA shows that the field size and focus to film distance (FFD) affected the ESD and D (P < 0.001) respectively. The risk of childhood cancer from a single radiograph was of the order of (1.54-23.4) ×10-6. Conclusion: The 75th percentile ESD, E and childhood risk of cancer was higher than most studies it was compared with. The study reveals that machine parameters such as the field size and FFD played a major role in dose increase. Protocol optimization is currently needed for pediatric patients in the studied facility.

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