scholarly journals The Steady Force Exerted on a Small Sphere in a Plane Progressive Wave Containing a Second Harmonic Component

1950 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-680
Author(s):  
Peter Westervelt ◽  
Peter Sieck
Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4160
Author(s):  
Waqar Uddin ◽  
Tiago D. C. Busarello ◽  
Kamran Zeb ◽  
Muhammad Adil Khan ◽  
Anil Kumar Yedluri ◽  
...  

This paper proposed a control method for output and circulating currents of modular multilevel converter (MMC). The output and circulating current are controlled with the help of arm currents, which contain DC, fundamental frequency, and double frequency components. The arm current is transformed into a stationary reference frame (SRF) to isolate the DC and AC components. The AC component is controlled with a conventional proportional resonant (PR) controller, while the DC component is controlled by a proportional controller. The effective control of the upper arm and lower arm ultimately controls the output current so that it delivers the required power to the grid and circulating current in such a way that the second harmonic component is completely vanished leaving behind only the DC component. Comparative results of leg-level control based on PR controller are included in the paper to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. A three-phase, five-level MMC is developed in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.


Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Shahnazian ◽  
Ebrahim Adabi ◽  
Jafar Adabi ◽  
Edris Pouresmaeil ◽  
Kumars Rouzbehi ◽  
...  

This paper presents a dynamic model of modular multilevel converters (MMCs), which are considered as an effective interface between energy sources and the power grid. By improving the converter performance, appropriate reactive power compensation is guaranteed. Modulation indices are calculated based on detailed harmonic evaluations of both dynamic and steady-state operation modes, which is considered as the main contribution of this paper in comparison with other methods. As another novelty of this paper, circulating current control is accomplished by embedding an additional second harmonic component in the modulation process. The proposed control method leads to an effective reduction in capacitor voltage fluctuation and losses. Finally, converter’s maximum stable operation range is modified, which provides efficiency enhancements and also stability assurance. The proficiency and functionality of the proposed controller are demonstrated through detailed theoretical analysis and simulations with MATLAB/Simulink.


2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1511-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutomo Fujii ◽  
Nobuyuki Taniguchi ◽  
Iwaki Akiyama ◽  
Jing-Wen Tsao ◽  
Kouichi Itoh

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Wei Ma ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Min Hu ◽  
Longhan Cao ◽  
...  

Power Factor Correction (PFC) converters are widely used in engineering. A classical PFC control circuit employs two complicated feedback control loops and a multiplier, while the One-Cycle-Controlled (OCC) PFC converter has a simple control circuit. In OCC PFC converters, the voltage loop is implemented with a PID control and the multiplier is not needed. Although linear theory is used in designing the OCC PFC converter control circuit, it cannot be used in predicting non-linear phenomena in the converter. In this paper, a non-linear model of the OCC PFC Boost converter is proposed based on the double averaging method. The line frequency instability of the converter is predicted by studying the DC component, the first harmonic component and the second harmonic component of the main circuit and the control circuit. The effect of the input voltage and the output capacitance on the stability of the converter is studied. The correctness of the proposed model is verified with numerical simulations and experimental measurements.


1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Sokol ◽  
Vance Zemon ◽  
Anne Moskowitz

AbstractThe development of lateral inhibitory interactions in the infant visual system, as reflected by the visual-evoked potential (VEP), was studied using a radial, asymmetrical windmill-dartboard stimulus. This contrast-reversing stimulus generates VEP responses with a strong fundamental frequency component and an attenuated second harmonic component (relative to that obtained using a symmetrical stimulus). These two harmonic components reflect distinct phenomena, and appear to be the result of short-range (the fundamental) and long-range (attenuated second harmonic) lateral inhibitory interactions elicited by differential luminance-modulation of contiguous spatial regions. We studied the development of the short-and long-range interactions at 100% and 30% contrast in human infants using both VEP amplitude and phase measures. Attenuation of the second harmonic (long-range interactions) was adult-like by 8 weeks of age while the strength of the fundamental (short-range interactions) was adult-like by 20 weeks suggesting a differential development of long-range and short-range interactions. In contrast, corresponding phase data indicated significant immaturities at 20 weeks of age for both the short-and long-range components.


Author(s):  
V. A. Novobritsky ◽  
D. S. Fedosov

THE PURPOSE. This paper considers the problem of relay protection functioning when the current transformer reaches the saturation mode which is provided by transient processes.METHODS. MATLAB Simulink software environment allows reproducing the method of statespace representation by using structural blocks. The model is verified by comparison the time to saturation, obtained by calculation and according to the graphical data of the model. The separation of variables method extracts and graphically displays the investigated components.RESULTS. This paper reveals that applying the requirements of IEC 61869-2:2012 standard, which determines the worst combination of series of unfavorable factors for current transformers in transient mode, can influence a serious impact on the correct operation of relay protection based on current, reactance or differential principle of action. Saturation of the current transformer can lead to both negative results: false operation of relay protection devices and their failure.CONCLUSION. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the presence of a DC component in the primary short-circuit current has the greatest effect on the protection operation. The delays in the restoration of the RMS value of the short-circuit current reached up to 0.3 seconds, which is comparable with the response time of the second protection zones for microprocessor-based relay protection devices. The DC component of the primary current and the presence of residual magnetic induction of the current transformer provides the largest content of the magnetization current, the largest angular error and also the largest content of the second harmonic component in the secondary short-circuit current.


Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 3328
Author(s):  
Xianghong Wang ◽  
Chenglong He ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
Hongwei Hu

Porosity is an important characteristic of porous material, which affects mechanical and material properties. In order to solve the problem that the large distribution range of pore size of porous materials leads to the large detection errors of porosity, the non-linear ultrasonic testing technique is applied. A graphite composite was used as the experimental object in the study. As the accuracy of porosity is directly related with feature extraction, the dynamic wavelet fingerprint (DWFP) technology was utilized to extract the feature parameter of the ultrasonic signals. The effects of the wavelet function, scale factor, and white slice ratio on the extraction of the nonlinear feature are discussed. The SEM photos were conducted using gray value to identify the aperture. The relationship between pore diameter and detection accuracy was studied. Its results show that the DWFP technology could identify the second harmonic component well, and the extracted nonlinear feature could be used for the quantitative trait of porosity. The larger the proportion of the small diameter holes and the smaller the aperture distribution range was, the smaller the error was. This preliminary research aimed to improve the nondestructive testing accuracy of porosity and it is beneficial to the application of porous material in the manufacturing field.


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