Tree biomass reconstruction shows no lag in postglacial afforestation of eastern Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Blarquez ◽  
Julie C. Aleman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The Holocene

Forest ecosystems in eastern Canada are particularly sensitive to climate change and may shift from carbon sinks to carbon sources in the coming decades. Understanding how forest biomass responded to past climate change is thus of crucial interest, but past biomass reconstruction still represents a challenge. Here we used transfer functions based on modern pollen assemblages and remotely sensed biomass estimation to reconstruct and quantify, for the last 14 000 years, tree biomass dynamics for the six main tree genera of the boreal and mixedwood forests (Abies, Acer, Betula, Picea, Pinus, Populus). We compared the mean genera and total biomass with climatic (summer temperatures and annual precipitation), physical (CO2, insolation, ice area), and disturbance (burned biomass) variables to identify the potential drivers influencing the long-term trends in tree biomass. For most genera, tree biomass was related to summer temperature, insolation, and CO2 levels; Picea was the exception and its biomass also correlated with annual precipitation. At the onset of the Holocene and during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (ca. 10 000–6000 BP), tree biomass tracked the melting of the Laurentide Ice Sheet with high values (>50 tonnes·ha–1 and a total of 12 Pg). These values, in the range of modern forest ecosystems biomass, indicate that trees were probably able to survive in a periglacial environment and to colonize the region without any discernible lag by tracking the ice retreat. High biomass at the beginning of the Holocene was likely favoured by higher than present insolation, CO2 levels higher than during the Last Glacial Maximum, and temperature and precipitation close to present-day levels. Past tree biomass reconstruction thus brings novel insights about the drivers of postglacial tree biomass and the overall biogeography of the region since the deglaciation.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE PROCESS OF MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION TO THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ratko Ristić ◽  
Ivan Malušević ◽  
Boris Radić ◽  
Slobodan Milanović ◽  
Vukašin Milčanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Rain Events

Forest ecosystems provide a wide range of environmental services with an important role in the Earth’s life-support system. Climate change in Southeastern Europe (SEE) and forecasts for the period until 2070 have a huge impact on the present and future planning in forestry and watershed management, due to the observed trends: the increment of mean annual air temperature from 2,5–5,0 °C until the end of the XXI century; redistribution of annual precipitation, with much more precipitation in the spring-summer period, during short, intensive rain events; a decrease of annual precipitation and soil moisture of 10–20 %, with extreme consequences: dieback and disappearance of forests in huge areas of hilly-mountainous regions. Degradation and loss of forests leads to spread and intensification of soil erosion, with frequent torrential floods, mudflows, landslides, and avalanches. Stable forest ecosystems are pillars of sustainable development, repopulation and could provide means and resources to battle and overcome poverty in moun-tainous regions of southeast Europe.

scholarly journals Tree Biomass Estimation in Karst Forest of West Papua, Indonesia

Jurnal Wasian ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Andes Rozak ◽  
◽  
Destri Destri ◽  
Zaenal Mutaqien
Keyword(s):  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Karst Forest ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Reference Equation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Indonesia is estimated to have 14,5 million hectares of karst areas. The characteristic of karst vegetation is specific, one of which is the dominance of small trees. With all of the potency, their vegetation acts as a significant carbon sequester and store it in biomass. This study aims to estimate and discuss biomass estimation in the karst forest within the Nature Recreational Park of Beriat, a protected area in South Sorong, West Papua. A total of 28 plots were made in the forest using the purposive random sampling method. Tree biomass (DBH ≥10 cm) was estimated using five different allometric equations. The results showed that the biomass was estimated at ca. 264 Mg ha-1 (95 % CI: 135-454 Mg ha-1). While small trees (DBH 10 – 30 cm) only contribute 30 % of the total biomass, about 38 % of the biomass is the contribution of large trees (DBH >50 cm), where Pometia pinnata contributes ca. 39 % of the biomass at plot-level. The use of various allometric equations results in different biomass estimates and biases with deviations ranged from -14.78 % to +17.02 % compared to the reference equation. Therefore, the selection of allometric equations used must be considered carefully to reduce uncertainties in biomass estimation.

scholarly journals Holocene Climate and Cultural Evolution in Late Prehistoric–Early Historic West Asia

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Staubwasser ◽  
Harvey Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Abrupt Climate Change ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Holocene Climate ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Change Events ◽  
Early Historic

AbstractThe precipitation climatology and the underlying climate mechanisms of the eastern Mediterranean, West Asia, and the Indian subcontinent are reviewed, with emphasis on upper and middle tropospheric flow in the subtropics and its steering of precipitation. Holocene climate change of the region is summarized from proxy records. The Indian monsoon weakened during the Holocene over its northernmost region, the Ganges and Indus catchments and the western Arabian Sea. Southern regions, the Indian Peninsula, do not show a reduction, but an increase of summer monsoon rain across the Holocene. The long-term trend towards drier conditions in the eastern Mediterranean can be linked to a regionally complex monsoon evolution. Abrupt climate change events, such as the widespread droughts around 8200, 5200 and 4200 cal yr BP, are suggested to be the result of altered subtropical upper-level flow over the eastern Mediterranean and Asia.The abrupt climate change events of the Holocene radically altered precipitation, fundamental for cereal agriculture, across the expanse of late prehistoric–early historic cultures known from the archaeological record in these regions. Social adaptations to reduced agro-production, in both dry-farming and irrigation agriculture regions, are visible in the archaeological record during each abrupt climate change event in West Asia. Chronological refinement, in both the paleoclimate and archaeological records, and transfer functions for both precipitation and agro-production are needed to understand precisely the evident causal linkages.

Individual tree biomass estimation equations for plantation-grown white spruce in northern Minnesota

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Harding ◽  
D. F. Grigal
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Estimation Equations

Prediction equations for biomass of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) were developed for 115 sample trees using the allometric models Y = ADB and Y = ADBHC, where Y is mass, D is diameter at breast height, and H is total height. The addition of height to the model reduced the Sy•x for all estimates except that for biomass of branches and needles. Comparison of results to other estimation equations developed in eastern Canada showed that biomass estimates were variable. Variations in stand structure and age between natural and plantation-grown trees are possible reasons for these differences.

scholarly journals Participatory Tree Carbon Measurement in Komolchari Village Common Forests in Chittagong Hill Tracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Md Danesh Miah ◽  
Md Arif Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammed Jashimuddin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Carbon Density ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Chittagong Hill Tracts ◽  
Biomass Density ◽  
Total Tree

Climate change is taking place at a horrifying rate due to the increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. REDD+ has been considered as a low-cost approach to reducing atmospheric carbon. A study on measurements of tree carbon through a participatory approach was conducted in Komolchari Village Common Forest (VCF) of Khagrachari under the Chittagong Hill Tracts to examine the contribution of local participants in the measurement of tree carbon. From the study, it was estimated that total tree biomass density measured by the forestry experts and the local participants were 147.40±31.26 tha-1and 135.95±27.54 tha-1, respectively, where total carbon density for trees was 73.70±15.63 tha-1and 67.98±13.77 tha-1, respectively. Furthermore, in the case of saplings, the estimated total biomass density measured by the forestry experts and the local participants were 33.63±3.50 tha-1 and 32.41±3.09 tha-1, respectively, where estimated total carbon density for saplings was 16.82±1.75 tha-1and 16.21±1.55 tha-1, respectively. From all of the findings, it was observed that a participatory approach was successfully conducted in the study area to collect data on the measurement of tree carbon. The study will help bring the profit in the carbon trade by reducing transaction costs in the case of collecting data on tree carbon measurement. The findings of the study can be useful for REDD+ implementation in Bangladesh. The Chittagong Univ. J. Sci. 42(1): 1-23, 2020

scholarly journals ANALISIS POTENSI SIMPANAN KARBON AGROFORESTRI PERKEBUNAN KOPI ROBUSTA (COFFEA CANEPHORA) DI PEGUNUNGAN ARGOPURO, KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Elida Novita ◽  
Miftahul Nur Huda ◽  
Hendra Andiananta Pradana
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Coffee Plantation ◽  
Coffee Agroforestry ◽  
Robusta Coffee

Coffee plantation areas have the potential to absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Especially if coffee plantations are developed with forest plants in agroforestry area within  forest management patterns. On the other hand, some coffee agroforestry now, are planted with horticultural crops that can reduce carbon sequestration ability to reduce climate change impact. The objectives of the study are to identify the parameters of the abiotic environment and the potential for carbon storage in robusta coffee agroforestry at Argopuro mountains, Bondowoso Regency. Through the calculation of plant biomass and carbon stock, it is potential to approach the amount of carbon uptake in plants to reduce carbon emissions in the atmosphere. Coffee plantation is one area that can increase carbon sequestration in the atmosphere. The results showed that microclimate parameters at robusta coffeeagroforestry at Argopuro mountains in Bondowoso regency i.e. temperature, air humidity, light intensity has average values of 29.2 oC; 54%; and 2166 lux respectively, then an average of soil pH is 6.00. There were some commonly plants founds in robusta coffee plantation i.e mango trees, avocado trees, dadap trees, pine trees, and more banana plants. Total biomass estimation in robusta coffee plantation area is 144,834 tonnes/ha. The identification of carbon stock show that the robusta coffee agroforestry area with ??2000 m2 can contribute to reduce atmospheric carbon emissions by 72.417 tonnes/ha in Argopuro mountains, Maesan District, Bondowoso Regency. Keywords: Argopuro Mountains; Bondowoso; Carbon stock; Coffee agroforestry; Climate Change.

Seasonal diving and foraging behaviour of Eastern Canada-West Greenland bowhead whales

2020 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 197-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
SME Fortune ◽  
SH Ferguson ◽  
AW Trites ◽  
B LeBlanc ◽  
V LeMay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Bowhead Whales ◽  
Seasonal Movement ◽  
Dive Behaviour ◽  
Calanus Glacialis ◽  
Canada West

Climate change may affect the foraging success of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus by altering the diversity and abundance of zooplankton species available as food. However, assessing climate-induced impacts first requires documenting feeding conditions under current environmental conditions. We collected seasonal movement and dive-behaviour data from 25 Eastern Canada-West Greenland bowheads instrumented with time-depth telemetry tags and used state-space models to examine whale movements and dive behaviours. Zooplankton samples were also collected in Cumberland Sound (CS) to determine species composition and biomass. We found that CS was used seasonally by 14 of the 25 tagged whales. Area-restricted movement was the dominant behaviour in CS, suggesting that the tagged whales allocated considerable time to feeding. Prey sampling data suggested that bowheads were exploiting energy-rich Arctic copepods such as Calanus glacialis and C. hyperboreus during summer. Dive behaviour changed seasonally in CS. Most notably, probable feeding dives were substantially shallower during spring and summer compared to fall and winter. These seasonal changes in dive depths likely reflect changes in the vertical distribution of calanoid copepods, which are known to suspend development and overwinter at depth during fall and winter when availability of their phytoplankton prey is presumed to be lower. Overall, CS appears to be an important year-round foraging habitat for bowheads, but is particularly important during the late summer and fall. Whether CS will remain a reliable feeding area for bowhead whales under climate change is not yet known.

Wald und Klimawandel in der inneralpinen Trockenregion Visp

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (12) ◽  
pp. 481-492
Author(s):  
Andreas Rigling ◽  
Ché Elkin ◽  
Matthias Dobbertin ◽  
Britta Eilmann ◽  
Arnaud Giuggiola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services

Forest and climate change in the inner-Alpine dry region of Visp Over the past decades, observed increases in temperature have been particularly pronounced in mountain regions. If this trend should continue in the 21st Century, frequency and intensity of droughts will increase, and will pose major challenges for forest management. Under current conditions drought-related tree mortality is already an important factor of forest ecosystems in dry inner-Alpine valleys. Here we assess the sensitivity of forest ecosystems to climate change and evaluate alternative forest management strategies in the Visp region. We integrate data from forest monitoring plots, field experiments and dynamic forests models to evaluate how the forest ecosystem services timber production, protection against natural hazards, carbon storage and biodiver-sity will be impacted. Our results suggest that at dry low elevation sites the drought tolerance of native tree species will be exceeded so that in the longer term a transition to more drought-adapted species should be considered. At medium elevations, drought and insect disturbances as by bark beetles are projected to be important for forest development, while at high elevations forests are projected to expand and grow better. All of the ecosystem services that we considered are projected to be impacted by changing forest conditions, with the specific impacts often being elevation-dependent. In the medium term, forest management that aims to increase the resilience of forests to drought can help maintain forest ecosystem services temporarily. However, our results suggest that relatively rigid management interventions are required to achieve significant effects. By using a combination of environmental monitoring, field experiments and modeling, we are able to gain insight into how forest ecosystem, and the services they provide, will respond to future changes.

scholarly journals Contrasting Evolution Patterns of Endorheic and Exorheic Lakes on the Central Tibetan Plateau and Climate Cause Analysis during 1988–2017

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Zhilong Zhao ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Zengzeng Hu ◽  
Xuanhua Nie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Mean Temperature

The alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are indicators of climate change. The assessment of lake dynamics on the TP is an important component of global climate change research. With a focus on lakes in the 33° N zone of the central TP, this study investigates the temporal evolution patterns of the lake areas of different types of lakes, i.e., non-glacier-fed endorheic lakes and non-glacier-fed exorheic lakes, during 1988–2017, and examines their relationship with changes in climatic factors. From 1988 to 2017, two endorheic lakes (Lake Yagenco and Lake Zhamcomaqiong) in the study area expanded significantly, i.e., by more than 50%. Over the same period, two exorheic lakes within the study area also exhibited spatio-temporal variability: Lake Gaeencuonama increased by 5.48%, and the change in Lake Zhamuco was not significant. The 2000s was a period of rapid expansion of both the closed lakes (endorheic lakes) and open lakes (exorheic lakes) in the study area. However, the endorheic lakes maintained the increase in lake area after the period of rapid expansion, while the exorheic lakes decreased after significant expansion. During 1988–2017, the annual mean temperature significantly increased at a rate of 0.04 °C/a, while the annual precipitation slightly increased at a rate of 2.23 mm/a. Furthermore, the annual precipitation significantly increased at a rate of 14.28 mm/a during 1995–2008. The results of this study demonstrate that the change in precipitation was responsible for the observed changes in the lake areas of the two exorheic lakes within the study area, while the changes in the lake areas of the two endorheic lakes were more sensitive to the annual mean temperature between 1988 and 2017. Given the importance of lakes to the TP, these are not trivial issues, and we now need accelerated research based on long-term and continuous remote sensing data.

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