scholarly journals In Vitro Conservation of Some Threatened and Economically Important Ferns Belonging to the Indian Subcontinent

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shastri P. Shukla ◽  
P. B. Khare
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Western Ghat ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Mass Multiplication ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos ◽  
Spore Culture

This study was undertaken to identify methods of mass multiplication for five ornamental, economically important ferns (Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott., N. cordifolia cv. ‘‘duffii’’ (L.) Presl., N. exaltata cv. bostoniensis (L.) Schott., Pteris vittata L., and Cyclosorus dentatus Link.,) and three threatened ferns, namely, Cyathea spinulosa Wall. ex. Hook, Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link., and Microsorum punctatum (L.) Schott., through in vitro techniques. Collections were made from different biodiversity zones of India including Northeast Himalayas, Kumaon Himalayas, and Western Ghat and successfully introduced and grown in a fern-house. Aseptic cultures were raised at the morphogenic level of callus, axillary shoot, multiple shoot, and rooted plants. An optimized medium is described for each fern species. Plantlets were also produced from spore culture of Cyathea spinulosa and successfully hardened under fern house conditions.

Arsenic hyperaccumulation by Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos: a comparative study of uptake efficiency in arsenic-treated soils and waters

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3041-3049 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. H. Yong ◽  
S. N. Tan ◽  
Y. F. Ng ◽  
K. K. K. Low ◽  
S. F. Peh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Arsenic Hyperaccumulation ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos ◽  
Better Than

This work comprised of the comparative study of arsenic (As) uptake efficiency by Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos grown in (i) As amended soils (0–600 ppm) and (ii) As tainted water (40 ppb) using a new compact continuous flow phytofiltration system in a tropical greenhouse. The As hyperaccumulation efficiency was dependent on the growth medium for the two fern species. The highest level of As detected in the fronds of P. vittata was 19,300 ± 190 ppm (dry weight basis) and 11,600 ± 230 ppm for Pityrogramma calomelanos, after growing for 78 days in soils amended with As. In the compact continuous flow As phytofiltration system experiments, Pityrogramma calomelanos was found to perform better than P. vittata in phytofiltrating As contaminated water under waterlogged conditions. During the 167 h of phytofiltration experiment, the removal efficiency was approximately 99% and 67% for Pityrogramma calomelanos and P. vittata systems respectively, based on an initial 40 ppb As. Pityrogramma calomelanos also required a shorter acclimatization time than P. vittata under waterlogged conditions.

scholarly journals Fern inventorization in Cunca Rami Waterfall Zone of West Manggarai, East Nusa Tenggara

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-234
Author(s):  
Muh Sri Yusal ◽  
Gervinus Toni
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Family Types ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos ◽  
Pteris Vittata L

The tourist area of Cunca Rami Waterfall has natural beauty and environmental conditions allow ferns (pteridophyta) to grow and develop diversity high level. This study aims to inventory the types ferns potential in the Cunca Rami West Manggarai waterfall zone East Nusa Tenggara Province, so that is expected to become important information material for the community and local government in developing natural potential-based tourism owned by West Manggarai Regency. Inventory of ferns was carried out through an exploratory method with random sampling which were subsequently identified by reference to the flora book Steenis, et al (2008). The results showed that there were 15 fern types, namely Adiantum diapahnum L.; Drynaria sparsisora (Desv.) More; Pityrogramma calomelanos Link.; Plagigyra sp.; Asplenium belangeri Bory; Asplenium caudatum forst.; Davalia sp.; Diplazium esculentum Swarz.; Dryopteris ferox; Dryopteris pteroides; Lindsaea decomposita Willd; Nephrolepis exaltata schott.; Nephrolepis sp.; Pteris biaurita L.; Pteris vittata L. Then classified into 8 family types, namely Polypodiaceae, Aspleniaceae, Davalliaceae, Athyriaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Lindsacaceae, Neprolepidaceae, and Pteridaceae. Fern species in the Cunca Rami Waterfall area has great potential, but the surrounding community has not utilized use potential full.

scholarly journals Arsenic phytoextraction and hyperaccumulation by fern species

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Isidoria Silva Gonzaga ◽  
Jorge Antonio Gonzaga Santos ◽  
Lena Qiying Ma
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Screening Experiments ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos

Arsenic (As) is an ubiquitous trace metalloid found in all environmental media. Its presence at elevated concentrations in soils derives from both anthropogenic and natural inputs. Arsenic is a toxic and carcinogenic element, which has caused severe environmental and health problem worldwide. Technologies currently available for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated sites are expensive, environmentally disruptive, and potentially hazardous to workers. Phytoextraction, a strategy of phytoremediation, uses plants to clean up contaminated soils and has been successfully applied to arsenic contaminated soils. It has the advantage of being cost-effective and environmentally friendly. A major step towards the development of phytoextraction of arsenic-impacted soils is the discovery of the arsenic hyper accumulation in ferns, first in Pteris vittata, which presented an extraordinary capacity to accumulate 2.3% arsenic in its biomass. Another fern, Pityrogramma calomelanos was found to exhibit the same hyperaccumulating characteristics. After that, screening experiments have revealed that the Pteris genus is really unique in that many species have the potential to be used in phytoextraction of arsenic. In general, these plants seem to have both constitutive and adaptive mechanisms for accumulating or tolerating high arsenic concentration. In the past few years, much work has been done to understand and improve the hyperaccumulating capability of these amazing plants. In particular, the field of molecular biology seems to hold the key for the future of the phytoremediation.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Rhododendron chapmanii

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Cheryl G. Giles ◽  
Carole M. Haemmerle
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Axillary Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Reduced Light

Shoot tips excised from Chapman's rhododendron (Rhododendron chapmanii A. Gray) were surface sterilized, the terminal portions were removed (decapitated) and the shoots placed in liquid Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with 8 μM (1.6 ppm) 6(γ, γ-dimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP). Within 2 to 3 months axillary shoots excised, decapitated and cultured on agarsolidified WPM supplemented with 49 μM (10 ppm) 2iP. Multiple shoot formation consisting of adventitious and axillary shoots was observed within 4 to 6 months. These shoots were transferred to WPM supplemented With 8 μM (1.6 ppm) 2iP and cultured under reduced light levels to stimulate shoot elongation. Shoots ≥ 10 mm (0.4 in.) were harvested (microcuttings) and rooted using non-in vitro procedures. Enhancement of axillary shoot multiplication was achieved by culturing decapitated axillary shoots under reduced light levels in a horizontal position on WPM supplemented WIth 8 μM (1.6 ppm) 2iP.

scholarly journals Effect of different fertilizer types on Arsenic removal capacity of two fern species

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Thi Kim Anh Bui
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Pteris Vittata ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos ◽  
Hyperaccumulator Plant

More and more attention has been paid to the research on phytoremediation and hyperaccumulators. Arsenic (As) uptake by hyperaccumulator plant species depends on many different environmental factors. Fertilizer is one of the most important factors because the plant growth needs nutrients. In this study, the pot experiments were conducted in 12 weeks to understand the effect of different fertilizer on As removal capacity of Pityrogramma calomelanos and Pteris vittata. The results showed that, Arsenic concentration in the frond is higher than that in the root of the fern. As removal efficiency of the ferns from the soil amended with both inorganic and organic fertilizer is highest. The ferns removed As content in soil up to 7.4 and 12.6 mg As per kg DW soil, respectively. For the control experiments without adding fertilizers, As removal ability of the ferns from the soil is lowest that was only 2.1 mg As per kg DW soil. Trên thế giới đã và đang có nhiều nghiên cứu, ứng dụng phương pháp sử dụng thực vật để xử lý ô nhiễm, đặc biệt là các loài thực vật siêu tích tụ kim loại nặng. Sự tích lũy Asen (As) trong các loài thực vật siêu tích lũy phụ thuộc vào rất nhiều yếu tố môi trường và dinh dưỡng khác nhau. Phân bón là một trong những yếu tố quan trọng nhất vì sự phát triển cây rất cần chất dinh dưỡng. Trong nghiên cứu này, các thí nghiệm được tiến hành trong 12 tuần để đánh giá về ảnh hưởng của các loại phân bón khác nhau đến khả năng xử lý ô nhiễm As trong đất của dương xỉ. Kết quả thu được cho thấy, nồng độ As tích lũy trong phần thân của dương xỉ cao hơn rất nhiều so với phần rễ của cây. Hiệu quả loại bỏ As ra khỏi đất của dương xỉ trong các thí nghiệm bổ sung cả phân bón vô cơ và phân bón hữu cơ là cao nhất. Pityrogramma calomelanos và Pteris vittata có thể loại bỏ hàm lượng As trong 1 kg trọng lượng khô đất tương ứng lên đến 7,4 và 12,6 mg. Các công thức thí nghiệm đối chứng không bổ sung phân bón thì cho hiệu quả loại bỏ As ra khỏi đất là thấp nhất chỉ 2,1 mg As trên 1 kg trọng lượng khô đất.

PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI SELEKSI IN VITRO BERULANG (REPEAT CYCLING–IN VITRO SELECTION) TOLERAN STRES KEKERINGAN UNTUK PERBAIKAN MUTU GENETIK DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KEDELAI BERMIKORIZA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Ahmad Riduan ◽  
Rainiyati Rainiyati ◽  
Yulia Alia
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Single Spore Culture ◽  
Spore Culture ◽  
Glomus Sp

Every plant rhizospheres in any ecosystem there are various living microorganisms including Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF).  An isolation and characterization is required to investigate the species or type of the AMF. This research was aimed at studying the isolation and characterization of AMF sporulation in soybean rhizospheres in Jambi Province. The results of evaluation on soil samples before trapping showed that there are spores from three genus of AMF twelve types Glomus , two types Acaulospora and one type of Enthrophospora.  Following single spore culture in soybean rhizosphere, 5 spore types were obtained:  Glomus sp-1, Glomus sp-4, Glomus sp-7, Glomus sp-8 Glomus sp-10.

scholarly journals A Wolf in Another Wolf’s Clothing: Post-Genomic Regulation Dictates Venom Profiles of Medically-Important Cryptic Kraits in India

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik Sunagar ◽  
Suyog Khochare ◽  
R. R. Senji Laxme ◽  
Saurabh Attarde ◽  
Paulomi Dam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Venom Gland ◽  
Western India ◽  
The Common ◽  
Genomic Regulation

The Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) shares a distribution range with many other ‘phenotypically-similar’ kraits across the Indian subcontinent. Despite several reports of fatal envenomings by other Bungarus species, commercial Indian antivenoms are only manufactured against B. caeruleus. It is, therefore, imperative to understand the distribution of genetically distinct lineages of kraits, the compositional differences in their venoms, and the consequent impact of venom variation on the (pre)clinical effectiveness of antivenom therapy. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted phylogenetic and comparative venomics investigations of kraits in Southern and Western India. Phylogenetic reconstructions using mitochondrial markers revealed a new species of krait, Romulus’ krait (Bungarus romulusi sp. nov.), in Southern India. Additionally, we found that kraits with 17 mid-body dorsal scale rows in Western India do not represent a subspecies of the Sind Krait (B. sindanus walli) as previously believed, but are genetically very similar to B. sindanus in Pakistan. Furthermore, venom proteomics and comparative transcriptomics revealed completely contrasting venom profiles. While the venom gland transcriptomes of all three species were highly similar, venom proteomes and toxicity profiles differed significantly, suggesting the prominent role of post-genomic regulatory mechanisms in shaping the venoms of these cryptic kraits. In vitro venom recognition and in vivo neutralisation experiments revealed a strong negative impact of venom variability on the preclinical performance of commercial antivenoms. While the venom of B. caeruleus was neutralised as per the manufacturer’s claim, performance against the venoms of B. sindanus and B. romulusi was poor, highlighting the need for regionally-effective antivenoms in India.

scholarly journals In vitro Propagation of Polygonum hydropiper L. from Shoot Tips

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Hasan ◽  
B. Sikdar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Multiple Shoot Induction ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper

An efficient protocol for plant regeneration through multiple shoots induction from shoot tips of Polygonum hydropiper (L.) was established. The highest percentage (96.6) of multiple shoot induction and number of shoots (9.0) per culture were found on MS supplemented with 2.0 mg/l Kn. The induced shoots were excised and inoculated on to MS contains different concentrations of IBA or NAA for rooting. The highest percentage (90.0) of root induction and the highest number of roots per shoot (12.0) was found on MS having 1.0 mg/l IBA. Well rooted plantlets were acclimated properly and transplanted in the soil under natural condition, where cent per cent plantlets survived and grew successfully. Key words:  Polygonum hydropiper, Shoot tips, In vitro propagation D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i1.5970 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(1): 73-79, 2010 (June)

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