scholarly journals SPDT discrete switch design using switchable SIW resonators for millimeter wave MIMO transceiver

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 1542
Author(s):  
Amirul Aizat Zolkefli ◽  
Badrul Hisham Ahmad ◽  
Noor Azwan Shairi ◽  
Adib Othman ◽  
Zahriladha Zakaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Substrate Integrated Waveguide ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
High Isolation ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Switch Design ◽  
Power Leakage

A single pole double throw (SPDT) discrete switch design using switchable substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonators is proposed in this paper. It was designed for the millimeter wave multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver. An example application is for 5G communication in 26 GHz band. High isolation between transmitter and receiver (in the transceiver) is needed in SPDT switch design to minimize any high radio frequency (RF) power leakage in the receiver. Therefore, the use of switchable SIW resonators can achieve higher isolation if compared to the conventional series SPDT switch, where the isolation of the proposed SPDT is depend on the bandstop response of the SIW resonators. The switchable SIW resonators can be switched between allpass and bandstop responses to allow the operation between transmit and receive modes. As a result, the simulation and measurement showed that the proposed SPDT switch produced an isolation higher than 25 dB from 24.25 to 27.5 GHz compared to the conventional design.

scholarly journals High Isolation Millimeter-Wave Wideband MIMO Antenna for 5G Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Zhaoyun Duan ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Qing Zhou ◽  
Yubin Gong
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Transmission Coefficient ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
High Isolation ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
The Stability ◽  
24 Ghz

A millimeter-wave wideband antenna is presented for the 5th generation applications. The operation band ranges from 24 GHz to 39 GHz which covers most of the Ka band. Furthermore, a 9×9 multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is developed. The high isolation is achieved without introducing external decoupling structures. The transmission coefficient is under −20 dB within only 0.4 mm space between antenna elements. The radiation pattern also shows the stability within the wide operation band. Both simulated and measured results show that this proposed MIMO antenna is suitable for the future wireless communications.

scholarly journals Genetic Algorithm-Based Beam Refinement for Initial Access in Millimeter Wave Mobile Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Guo ◽  
Behrooz Makki ◽  
Tommy Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Hardware Impairments ◽  
Mimo Networks ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
High Carrier

Initial access (IA) is identified as a key challenge for the upcoming 5G mobile communication system operating at high carrier frequencies, and several techniques are currently being proposed. In this paper, we extend our previously proposed efficient genetic algorithm- (GA-) based beam refinement scheme to include beamforming at both the transmitter and the receiver and compare the performance with alternative approaches in the millimeter wave multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) networks. Taking the millimeter wave communications characteristics and various metrics into account, we investigate the effect of different parameters such as the number of transmit antennas/users/per-user receive antennas, beamforming resolutions, and hardware impairments on the system performance employing different beam refinement algorithms. As shown, our proposed GA-based approach performs well in delay-constrained networks with multiantenna users. Compared to the considered state-of-the-art schemes, our method reaches the highest service outage-constrained end-to-end throughput with considerably less implementation complexity. Moreover, taking the users’ mobility into account, our GA-based approach can remarkably reduce the beam refinement delay at low/moderate speeds when the spatial correlation is taken into account. Finally, we compare the cases of collaborative users and noncollaborative users and evaluate their difference in system performance.

Novel Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machine manifold learning inspired dynamic user clustering hybrid precoding for millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 155014772110553
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Zhou ◽  
Haichao Liu ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Manifold Learning ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Restricted Boltzmann Machine ◽  
Boltzmann Machine ◽  
Hybrid Precoding ◽  
User Clustering ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Low Dimensional

Millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output is a key technology in 5G communication system. In particular, the hybrid precoding method has the advantages of being power efficient and less expensive than the full-digital precoding method, so it has attracted more and more attention. The effectiveness of this method in simple systems has been well verified, but its performance is still unknown due to many problems in real communication such as interference from other users and base stations, and users are constantly on the move. In this article, we propose a dynamic user clustering hybrid precoding method in the high-dimensional millimeter-wave multiple-input multiple-output system, which uses low-dimensional manifolds to avoid complicated calculations when there are many antennas. We model each user set as a novel Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machine manifold, and the problem is transformed into cluster-oriented multi-manifold learning. The novel Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machine manifold learning seeks to learn embedded low-dimensional manifolds through manifold learning in the face of user mobility in clusters. Through proper user clustering, the hybrid precoding is investigated for the sum-rate maximization problem by manifold quasi-conjugate gradient methods. This algorithm avoids the traditional method of processing high-dimensional channel parameters, achieves a high signal-to-noise ratio, and reduces computational complexity. The simulation result table shows that this method can get almost the best summation rate and higher spectral efficiency compared with the traditional method.

scholarly journals Compact Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Stacked Patch Antenna for Microwave-Radio-Frequency Identification Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Enze Zhang ◽  
Andrea Michel ◽  
Paolo Nepa ◽  
Jinghui Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Stacked Patch Antenna

A compact, low-profile, two-port dual-band circularly polarized (CP) stacked patch antenna for radio-frequency identification (RFID) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) readers is proposed, which employs the shared-aperture technique. The proposed antenna adopts a 1.524 mm thickness Rogers Ro4350b substrate with relative permittivity of 3.48. Two pairs of isolated ports are working at two microwave- (MW-) RFID bands (2.4–2.485 GHz and 5.725–5.875 GHz) with high port isolation of 25 dB and 30 dB, respectively. A shared metal slot layer is designed to separate two feeding structures of the lower band and upper band for port isolation enhancement as well as saving space. Corner-truncated square slot and patch configurations have been designed to obtain CP modes. In the lower and upper MW-RFID bands, the relative impedance bandwidths are 12.2% and 5.7%, and the maximum realized gains are higher than 7.3 dBic. Moreover, two-element configurations have been combined for an RFID MIMO system that occupies a dimension of 119 mm × 119 mm × 12.9 mm. The MIMO antenna performance of envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is lower than 0.03, and diversity gain is close to 10 dB.

scholarly journals Dual-Band 2 × 2 MIMO Antenna with Compact Size and High Isolation Based on Half-Mode SIW

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Abubaker Ahmed Elobied ◽  
Xue-Xia Yang ◽  
Ningjie Xie ◽  
Steven Gao
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Antenna Element ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
High Isolation ◽  
Rectangular Patch ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Proximity Coupling

This paper presents a close-spaced dual-band 2 × 2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW). The dual-band operation of the antenna element is achieved by loading a rectangular patch outside the radiating aperture of an HMSIW cavity. The HMSIW cavity is excited by a coaxial probe, whereas the rectangular patch is energized through proximity coupling by the radiating aperture of HMSIW. The antenna elements can be closely placed using the rotation and orthogonal arrangement for a 2 × 2 array. Small neutralization lines at the center of the MIMO antenna can increase the isolation among its elements by around 10 dB in the lower band and 5 dB in the higher band. A prototype of the MIMO antenna is fabricated and its performance is measured. The measured results show that the resonant frequencies are centered at 4.43 and 5.39 GHz with bandwidths of 110 and 80 MHz and peak gains of 6 and 6.4 dBi, respectively. The minimum isolation in both bands is greater than 35 dB. The envelope correlation coefficient is lower than 0.005 within two operating bands.

scholarly journals A High Isolation MIMO Antenna without Decoupling Structure for LTE 700 MHz

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Wu ◽  
Yunliang Long
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Monopole Antenna ◽  
Antenna Element ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
High Isolation ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output

This paper presents a long-term evolution (LTE) 700 MHz band multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna, and high isolation between the two symmetrical antenna elements is obtained without introducing extra decoupling structure. Each antenna element is a combination antenna of PIFA and a meander monopole antenna. The end of the PIFA and the meander monopole antenna are, respectively, overlapped with the 50 Ω microstrip feed line, the two overlapping areas produce additional capacitance which can be considered decoupling structures to enhance the isolation for the MIMO antenna, as well as the impedance matching of the antenna elements. The MIMO antenna is etched on FR4 PCB board with dimensions of 71 × 40 × 1.6 mm3; the edge-to-edge separation of the two antenna elements is only nearly 0.037 λat 700 MHz. Both simulation and measurement results are used to confirm the MIMO antenna performance; the operating bandwidth is 698–750 MHz withS11≤−6 dB andS21≤−23 dB.

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