scholarly journals THE OUTLINES OF A POST-SECULAR SOCIETY: POLITICAL REASONS AND SYMBOLIC RESOURCES

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Даниил Аникин ◽  
Daniil Anikin
Keyword(s):  
Religious Community ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Symbolic Resources ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Symbolic Resource

The article deals with the basic concepts of post-secular society and reveals the role of the past as a symbolic resource of the religious community legitimization. The specificity of post-secular society is the politicization of religion and the inclusion of religious interpretations of the past in the symbolic competition of political actors

Historiographical facts and political practice in Russia in the XVIII – beginning of the XXI centuries

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.Н. Ланской
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Control ◽  
Coordination And Control ◽  
Development And Evolution

Статья посвящена истории связи между развитием исторической науки и политической практики в России. В контексте этого развития представлены, с одной стороны, эволюция исторических исследований и их координации и, с другой стороны, трансформация подхода институциональных структур государства к выбору управленческой стратегии в руководстве работой историков. В качестве примера для исследования обозначенной проблемы выбран период с начала XVIII до начала XXI века, потому что в его рамках была сформирована практика профессиональной деятельности в сфере историографии как процесса человеческой деятельности. Особое внимание в статье адресовано к роли идеологии в формировании различных моделей связи между работой историков и политических деятелей по конструированию образа прошлого, настоящего и будущего развития российской истории. The article reveals the connection between the historical science development and evolution of political practice in Russia.In that context shown are the course of the historical research and the coordination and control strategies implemented by the state, including institutional transformations.As a subject of current research was taken the period from the XVIII – beginning of the XXI centuries, when historiography became a profession and was institutionalized.Special attention is driven to the role of ideology in adopting different models of interaction between historians and political actors, while framing the image of the past, the present and the future of Russia.

scholarly journals Memory-Politics and Neonationalism: Trianon as Mythomoteur

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Feischmidt
Keyword(s):  
Historical Trauma ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Cultural Logic ◽  
Memory Politics ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Symbolic Resources

AbstractAnalyzing the newly emerged Trianon cult, this article argues that the current wave of memory politics became the engine of new forms of nationalism in Hungary constituted by extremist and moderate right-wing civic and political actors. Following social anthropologists Gingrich and Banks, the term neonationalism will be applied and linked with the concept “mythomoteur” of John Armstrong and Anthony D. Smith, emphasizing the role of preexisting ethno-symbolic resources or mythomoteurs in the resurgence of nationalism. Special attention will be given to elites who play a major role in constructing new discourses of the nation and seek to control collective memories, taking their diverse intentions, agendas, and strategies specifically into consideration. This “view from above” will be complemented with a “view from below” by investigating the meanings that audiences give to and the uses they make of these memories. Thus, the analysis has three dimensions: it starts with the analysis of symbols, topics, and arguments applied by public Trianon discourses; it continues with the analysis of everyday perceptions, memory, and identity concerns; and finally ends with an anthropological interpretation of memory politics regarding a new form of nationalism arising in the context of propelling and mainstreaming populist right-wing politics. The main argument of this article is that although the Hungarian Trianon cult, identified as national mythomoteur, invokes a historical trauma, it rather speaks to current feelings of loss and disenfranchisement, offering symbolic compensation through the transference of historical glory, pride, and self-esteem within a mythological framework. This article is part of a larger effort to understand the cultural logic and social support of new forms of nationalism in Hungary propelled by the populist far right.

Uses of the Past: Archaeology in the Service of the State

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don D. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Past ◽  
Symbolic Resources ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Symbolic Resource ◽  
Power And Authority

Nation states, or partisans thereof, control and allocate symbolic resources as one means of legitimizing power and authority, and in pursuit of their perceived nationalistic goals and ideologies. A major symbolic resource is the past. In this paper I review three cases in which the past and, in particular, relevant archaeological resources were "used" for such purposes, and I refer to several other well-known instances. The three cases discussed are Mexico from ca. A.D. 900 to the present, Britain from ca. A.D. 1500 to the present, and the People’s Republic of China since 1949. The implications of such uses in relation to archaeological theories and interpretations are discussed.

Uses of the Past: Archaeology in the Service of the State (1987)

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don D. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
New World ◽  
The State ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Past ◽  
Symbolic Resources ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Brave New World ◽  
Symbolic Resource

Nation states, or partisans thereof, control and allocate symbolic resources as one means of legitimizing power and authority, and in pursuit of their perceived nationalistic goals and ideologies. A major symbolic resource is the past. In this chapter I review three cases in which the past and, in particular, relevant archaeological resources were ‘used’ for such purposes, and I refer to several other well-known instances. The three cases discussed are Mexico from c.AD 900 to the present, Britain from c.AD 1500 to the present, and the People’s Republic of China since 1949. The implications of such uses in relation to archaeological theories and interpretations are discussed. In The Uses of the Past, Herbert Müller (1952) sought for ‘certainty of meaning’ in an analysis of the development of Western civilization. The only certainty he found was that the past has many uses. This chapter is concerned with some specific uses of the past: (1) how nation state rulers and bureaucrats have manipulated the past for nationalist purposes, both ideological and chauvinistic, and to legitimize their authority and power; (2) how nation states have used archaeological sites, artefacts, and theories for such purposes; (3) how these uses of the past relate to more general questions about the intellectual and socio-political contexts in which archaeology is conducted. The importance to the state of using or manipulating its past is neatly delineated in two great dystopian novels, George Orwell’s (1949) Nineteen Eighty-Four, and Aldous Huxley’s (1932) Brave New World. In the former, the Ministry of Truth totally revamps the past as needed to justify and lend ‘truth’ to the immediate requirements, actions, and policies of the state. In the latter, the past is blotted out. As the Resident World Controller for Western Europe, Mustafa Mond tells the Savage, ‘we haven’t any use for old things here’ (Huxley 1932: 200). In both cases, control and manipulation of the past or its complete denial is critical to state ideology and purposes.

scholarly journals Genocide of Rohingya Muslims and Role of Contemporary World Actors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Safdar Ali ◽  
Dr. Amir Ahmad Khuhro ◽  
Dr. Liaquat Ali Chandio ◽  
Aijaz Ahmed Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Muslim Minority ◽  
Ethnic Factors

Myanmar is the region of Buddhist religious community where lived other races as minorities like Rohingya Muslims.  From many decades the Muslims have been victims of widespread violation policies of the Myanmar government. It is adopted gradual, multidimensional discriminatory and oppressive policies against the Rohingya people. The proposed research is an attempt to explore the reasons behind genocide activities took against the Rohingya as a Muslim minority in Myanmar (former Burma). The Muslim minority issue in Myanmar is attached to the past when they came and settled in southern areas of the former Burma (Myanmar). The Rohingya minority crises are also creating the political and regional tensions. So, the local and international powers are diverting their attention to handle the issues of Rohingya Muslims as well. Through the deductive and analytical approach very best tried to analyze the social and ethnic factors into the scenario of Rohingya Muslims genocide confronts within the structure of non-traditional security crisis. The inhuman activities against Rohingya Muslims can stop and bring about a durable solution by the concrete efforts of the local and international communities.

Afterword

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
End Of History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Assessments

The afterword to this volume argues that seeking a triumph of anticorruption smacks of rosy self-assessments that situate us at the end of history. It continues to explain that there are at least two other major fallacies in the ways we commonly understand corruption problems. One is to assume that the standards against which we judge political actors are more or less permanent aspects of the political landscape. The second fallacy is to assume that thanks to modern conceptions of “good governance” and the role of the “neutral” state and technological innovations we have now got anticorruption figured out. The afterword concludes by emphasizing that we would be well-served if we were to look to the past, as well as to other parts of the world, with the more modest goal of learning how to ask, and seek answers for, better questions.

МЕМОРИАЛЬНЫЕ ВОЙНЫ В ОТРАЖЕНИИ ИНТЕРНЕТ-МЕМОВ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Д. С. Артамонов ◽  
С. В. Тихонова
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
The Media ◽  
Symbolic Resource ◽  
Second World

The article deals with the problems of reflecting memorial wars in Internet memes. The authors consider memorial wars to be a special type of information wars related to memory policy. The politics of memory causes a struggle of interpretations of various versions of the Past within the framework of discursive practices of myth-making and leads to memorial wars. Political actors introduce ideas about the Past into the mass consciousness. Images of the Past are not always clearly perceived by society, which leads to conflicts. These conflicts have a media nature and take place in the virtual space. Internet users involve memes to express their political or ideological positions and to reflect their experiences of the Past. The authors consider historical memes an effective form of participation of Internet users in the formation of political culture and historical memory. Historical Internet memes change the tone of information messages, the assessment of historical facts and their emotional color for the purposes of historical policy. Using the example of the memory of the Second World War, the authors show Internet memes as a tool of historical policy and a «weapon» of memorial wars. Political actors use the history of war as a symbolic resource. Various interpretations and falsifications of the historical events of Second World Warcome into conflict with each other. Images of Stalin and Hitler in memes represent the memory of the war. Internet memes clearly demonstrate the transformation of ideas about the Soviet leader and the Nazi leader in the media space. The case on historical memory of the Second World Warshows the possibilities of using memes in memory wars.

‘Traditional’ Authorities

2018 ◽  
pp. 230-249
Author(s):  
Till Förster ◽  
Lucy Koechlin
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Authorities ◽  
External Actors ◽  
Governance Arrangements

This contribution explores the role of ‘traditional’ authorities in governance arrangements and how the term ‘tradition’ was used and constructed by local as well as external actors. First, it outlines how tradition was previously discussed and eventually deconstructed in scholarly debates. Second, it looks at how tradition is conceived as an emic notion in the social sciences today, in particular in anthropology and sociology, and how it is used as a legitimizing claim to the past by political actors in areas of limited statehood in West and East Africa. Third, its role in settings of legal pluralism where ‘traditional’ or ‘customary’ norms are recognized parallel to civil law is examined. The fourth section develops a more theoretical perspective on ‘traditional’ authorities and processes of political articulation in governance arrangements. Finally, the contribution concludes by outlining the relevance of this approach for a post-structuralist social theory of governance.

‘Reformed Pastors’ and Bons Curés: the Changing Role of the Parish Clergy in Early Modern Europe

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 249-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Green
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
Parish Clergy ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Traditional Roles

Over the last half century, a number of sociologists on both sides of the Atlantic have tried to define the contemporary role of the ministry. Among the ideas which emerged from their work, three are relevant for our purpose here. The first was that a number of roles which well-intentioned if not always well-qualified clergy had tried to play in the past had been lost or were being lost to rival professions, few of whose members were in holy orders: doctors and psychiatrists, marriage guidance counsellors and social caseworkers, solicitors and schoolteachers. Sociologists detected a sense of what was called ‘role uncertainty’ among the English clergy, and a feeling that in future they should be trained in new skills such as counselling. Allied to this disquiet was another concern, that the administrative and organizational side of the minister’s work was threatening to swamp the more important traditional roles of priest, pastor, and preacher. A third suggestion was that in an increasingly secular society the status of the ministry was declining. For centuries, it was argued, the clergy had enjoyed a unique place in society because of their sacerdotal functions and special skills, but this was now changing: the value of the Christian ministry in the eyes of the laity was falling behind that of more ‘useful’ professions such as medicine and the law.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

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