scholarly journals Analysis of surface deformation and driving forces in Lanzhou

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1127-1145
Author(s):  
Wenhui Wang ◽  
Yi He ◽  
Lifeng Zhang ◽  
Youdong Chen ◽  
Lisha Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractSurface deformation has become an important factor affecting urban development. Lanzhou is an important location in the Belt and Road Initiative, an international development policy implemented by the Chinese government. Because of rapid urbanization in Lanzhou, surface deformation occurs easily. However, the spatial-temporal characteristics of surface deformation and the interaction of driving forces behind surface deformation in Lanzhou are unclear. This paper uses small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) technology to obtain the spatial-temporal characteristics of surface deformation in Lanzhou based on 32 Sentinel-1A data from March 2015 to January 2017. We further employ a geographical detector (geo-detector) to analyze the driving forces (single-factor effects and multifactor interactions) of surface deformation. The results show that the central urban area of Lanzhou was stable, while there was surface deformation around Nanhuan road, Dongfanghong Square, Jiuzhou, Country Garden, Dachaiping, Yujiaping, Lanzhou North Freight Yard, and Liuquan Town. The maximum deformation rate was −26.50 mm year−1, and the maximum rate of increase was 9.80 mm year−1. The influence factors of surface deformation in Lanzhou was a complex superposition relationship among various influencing factors, not a result of the single factor. The interaction between the built-up area and land cover types was the most important factor behind surface deformation in Lanzhou. This paper provides the reference data and scientific foundation for disaster prevention in Lanzhou.

Testing Study on the Influence Factors to the Straw Pellet Fuel Broken Strength

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 786-790
Author(s):  
Wei Gao ◽  
Rong Fei Zhao ◽  
Qing Yu Liu ◽  
Xu Wei Bai
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Optimization Parameter ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

This paper take link mold pellet pelletizer to carry on the pellet fuel manufacture experiment with corn straw stalk. The influence of moisture content, material size and fermentation time impact on broken strength is studied by single factor experiment. Through quadratic regression orthogonal rotating combination experiment, establish mathematics equation of the factors and the straw pellet fuel broken strength and analyze the important degree of each experimental factor impact on the granulation rate. Through the optimized computation, definite optimization parameter of the highest broken strength is that raw material moisture content is 20%, fermentation time is 4h and particle size is 2.5mm. The result of verifying experiment indicat that the optimal parameter combination and the predict data measured were consistent.

scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Land Subsidence and Rebound over Xi’an in Western China Revealed by SBAS-InSAR Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3756
Author(s):  
Wei Shi ◽  
Guan Chen ◽  
Xingmin Meng ◽  
Wanyu Jiang ◽  
Yan Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Western China ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Underground Space ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Space Utilization ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Ground Fissures

Land subsidence is one of the major urban geological hazards, which seriously restricts the development of many cities in the world. As one of the major cities in China, Xi’an has also been experiencing a large area of land subsidence due to excessive exploitation of groundwater. Since the Heihe Water Transfer Project (HWTP) became fully operational in late 2003, the problem of subsidence has been restrained, but other issues, such as ground rebounds, have appeared, and the effect of the underground space utilization on land subsidence remains unsolved. The spatial-temporal pattern of land subsidence and rebound in Xi’an after HWTP and their possible cause have so far not been well understood. In this study, the evolutionary characteristics of land subsidence and rebound in Xi’an city from 2007–2019 was investigated using Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-SAR) technology to process the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) and Sentinel-1A SAR datasets, and their cause and the correlation with groundwater level changes and the underground space utilization were discussed. We found that the land subsidence rate in the study area slowed from 2007–2019, and the subsidence area shrank and gradually developed into three relatively independent and isolated subsidence areas primarily. Significant local rebound deformation up to 22 mm/y commenced in the groundwater recharge region during 2015–2019. The magnitude of local rebound was dominated by the rise in groundwater level due to HWTP, whereas tectonic faults and ground fissures control the range of subsidence and the uplift area. The influence of building load on surface deformation became increasingly evident and primarily manifested by slowing the subsidence reduction trend. Additionally, land subsidence caused by the disturbances during the subway construction period was stronger than that in the operational stage. Future land subsidence in Xi’an is predicted to be alleviated overall, and the areas of rebound deformation will continue increasing for a limited time. However, uneven settlement range may extend to the Qujiang and Xixian New District due to the rapid urban construction. Our results could provide a scientific basis for land subsidence hazard mitigation, underground space planning, and groundwater management in Xi’an or similar regions where severe ground subsidence was induced by rapid urbanization.

scholarly journals The ways of Improving the Innovation Management in Ukraine Using the International Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Bokovets ◽  
Olena Moskvichova ◽  
Iryna Hryhoruk ◽  
Svetlana Suprunenko
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Innovative Management ◽  
The World

In the world economic space there is a complex transition from industrial technological system to postindustrial, in which the high tech, informatization and knowledge economy takes on the dominating role of the driving forces of development. Naturally, for such a turn of events, economic science was not well prepared, and today there is a certain gap between the practice of accelerated changes and the scientific provision of these processes. First of all, it concerns the development of a strategy and mechanisms for the development of the country's economy and identifying opportunities for realizing its innovative potential by doing innovative management. The researchers consider innovative management in their work in a number of aspects: science and art of innovative management (I. Dichkivska, P. Zavlin); kind of administrative activity in making decisions on innovations (I. Balabanov, M. Yon, V. Stadnik,); management of innovations (N. Kruglov, A. Porshnev); a system of rules of principles, norms, values orientations that regulate various spheres of innovation activity (V. Vasilenko, L. Oholova). In innovative management, the methods of socio-psychological series, heuristic and collegial (I. Ansoff, B. Gates, L. Karuushkha, A. Morita) prevail. There is a change in the general functions, structure and objectives of management (L. Danilenko, L. Oholova), there are special means and forms of organization of innovation activity (V. Vasilenko, L. Vashchenko).The study of literary sources and their generalization shows the importance of this issue, and requires a more in-depth study and analysis of international experience in implementing innovative measures. The research objective. The main purpose of this study is to analyze measures to stimulate innovation development in the countries of the world, assessment of their effectiveness, as well as consideration of the directions on the basis of their activation of innovation activity in Ukraine. The article reveals the essence of the concept of "innovative management", analyzes the international experience in implementing and stimulating the innovation process. Thus, to summarize, it can be concluded that the experience of leading countries in stimulating innovation usually involves quite similar measures, namely: subsidies, tax cuts or, in some cases, tax holidays, payment of a share of R & D expenditure. The following organizations are created: informational, technical, financial support for business engaged in innovation activities. Stimulates the development of innovations at the level of universities and other scientific institutions.  Keywords: innovative management; innovative activity; innovative measures; R&D; innovation.

The Preparation of Loaded Photocatalyst for Advanced Treatment of NH3-N in Coking Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2829-2832
Author(s):  
Yong Shu Tian ◽  
Run Xin Hou
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

Photocatalyst of Fe-Sm-Yb modified TiO2 loaded on clay brick was prepared for degradation of NH3-N in coking water. The influence factors of NH3-N degradation rates were discussed by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The optimum process conditions of photocatalytic degradation NH3-N in coking water were confirmed. The results show that NH3-N degradation rates 82.23% were highest in the conditions of pH 6.5, photocatalyst charge of 1.4 g, illumination for 6h, reaction at 55°C, calcination at 500°C.

scholarly journals Analysis and Optimization of Tooth Surface Contact Stress of Gears with Tooth Profile Deviations, Meshing Errors and Lead Crowning Modifications Based on Finite Element Method and Taguchi Method

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1370
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Liyang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Contact Stress ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Fem Model ◽  
Influence Degree

Based on the three-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) and Taguchi method (TM), this paper analyzes the tooth surface contact stress (TSCS) of spur gears with three different influence factors: tooth profile deviations (TPD), meshing errors (ME) and lead crowning modifications (LCM), especially researching and analyzing the interactions between TPD, ME and LCM and their degree of influence on the TSCS. In this paper, firstly, a 3D FEM model of one pair of engaged teeth is modeled and the mesh of the contact area is refined by FEM software. In the model, the refined area mesh and the non-refined area mesh are connected by multi-point constraint (MPC); at the same time, in order to save the time of the FEM solution on the premise of ensuring the solution’s accuracy, the reasonable size of the refined area is studied and confirmed. Secondly, the TSCS analyses of gears with one single influence factor (other factors are all ideal) are carried out. By inputting the values of different levels of one single factor into the FEM model, especially using the real measurement data of TPD, and conducting the TSCS analysis under different torques, the influence degree of one single factor on TSCS is discussed by comparing the ideal model, and it is found that when the influence factors exist alone, each factor has a great influence on the TSCS. Finally, through TM, an orthogonal test is designed for the three influence factors. According to the test results, the interactions between the influence factors and the influence degree of the factors on the TSCS are analyzed when the three factors exist on the gear at the same time, and it is found that the TPD has the greatest influence on the TSCS, followed by the lead crowning modified quantity. The ME is relatively much small, and there is obvious interaction between ME and LCM. In addition, the optimal combination of factor levels is determined, and compared with the original combination of a gear factory, we see that the contact fatigue performance of the gear with the optimal combination is much better. The research of this paper has a certain reference significance for the control of TPD, ME and LCM when machining and assembling the gears.

scholarly journals Driving Forces of Energy-Related CO2 Emissions Based on Expanded IPAT Decomposition Analysis: Evidence from ASEAN and Four Selected Countries

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaruwan Chontanawat
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Rapid Urbanization

ASEAN is a dynamic and diverse region which has experienced rapid urbanization and population growth. Their energy demand grew by 60% in the last 15 years. In 2013, about 3.6% of global greenhouse-gas emissions was emitted from this region and the share is expected to rise substantially. Hence, a better understanding of driving forces of the changes in CO2 emissions is important to tackle global climate change and develop appropriate policies. Using IPAT combined with variance analysis, this study aims to identify the main driving factors of CO2 emissions for ASEAN and four selected countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand) during 1971–2013. The results show that population growth and economic growth were the main driving factors for increasing CO2 emissions for most of the countries. Fossil fuels play an important role in increasing CO2 emissions, however the growth in emissions was compensated by improved energy efficiency and carbon intensity of fossil energy. The results imply that to decouple energy use from high levels of emissions is important. Proper energy management through fuel substitution and decreasing emission intensity through technological upgrades have considerable potential to cut emissions.

Numerical Simulation on the Surface Subsidence Effect during Shield Tunneling Construction

2011 ◽  
Vol 299-300 ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Hai Xia Sun ◽  
Hai Yu Wu ◽  
Si Li Chen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Surface Subsidence ◽  
Shield Tunnel ◽  
Shield Tunneling ◽  
Finite Element Program ◽  
Element Program ◽  
Numerical Simulation Methods

Against the background of shenyang subway shield tunnel construction, the method of numerical simulation methods are used to analyze the factors of surface subsidence caused by shield construction comprehensively, and the universal finite element program ABAQUS is used to establish mechanical model depended on comprehensive consideration the influence factors of soil warehouses pressure, seepage and groundwater. A dynamic finite element simulation of shield advance process and conclude the surface deformation rule of soil are studied.

scholarly journals A Model-Based Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Changes of the Urban Expansion in Arid Area of Western China: A Case Study in North Xinjiang Economic Zone

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 989
Author(s):  
Jing Qian ◽  
Qiming Zhou ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Bo Sun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
North Xinjiang ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
S Model

Investigation of urban expansion can provide a better understanding of the urbanization process and its driving forces, which is critical for environmental management and land use planning. Total of 514 sampling points from the aerial photos and field sampling were applied to assess the image accuracy. A Conversion of Land Use and its Effect at Small Region Extent (CLUE-S) model was established to simulate the urbanization process at the township level in the North Xinjiang Economic Zone (NXEZ) of western China. Historical land use and land cover changes with multi-temporal remote sensing data were retrieved, and the underlying driving forces were explored by training the CLUE-S model. Moreover, future changes in urban development were simulated under different scenarios. Results showed that the overall accuracy reaches larger than 80% for the years of 2002, 2005, and 2007, and the corresponding kappa coefficient is bigger than 0.8. The NXEZ is at a premature development stage compared with urban clusters in eastern China. Before 1999, the driving force in this region was primary industry development. In recent years, secondary industries started to show significance in urbanization. These findings indicate that the industrial base and economic development in the NXEZ are still relatively weak and have not taken a strong leading role. When industry and population become the main driving factors, the regional economy will enter a new stage of leap-forward development, which in turn will stimulate a new round of rapid urbanization.

Analysis and Control of Layer Deformation Induced by the Densely Arranged Large Diameter Underground Steel Tubes Jacking with NTR Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 1010-1014
Author(s):  
Chun Fu Jin ◽  
Peng Niu ◽  
Yong Sheng Zhao ◽  
Xuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Surface Subsidence ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Pipe Jacking ◽  
And Control ◽  
Layer Deformation

Combined with the finite element method (FEM) and the field data of Shenyang Metro NTR engineering for pipe jacking process, the variation of surface deformation and influence factors of NTR construction are systematically analyzed. The result is shown that the curves of the lateral surface subsidence produced by pipe jacking process are accord with the normal distribution curves put forward by Peck .When the top steel pipes are jacked , the surface subsidence develops rapidly and the rate of deformation is larger. In addition , grouting behind the wall and the sequence of the pipe jacking all have a greater impact on the deformation of the layer.

scholarly journals Effect of Urbanization on Ecosystem Service Values in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration of China from 2000 to 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10233
Author(s):  
Shan Liu ◽  
Mingxia Yang ◽  
Yuling Mou ◽  
Yanrong Meng ◽  
Xiaolu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
The Sustainable Development

Rapid urbanization has led to the continuous deterioration of the surrounding natural ecosystem. It is important to identify the key urbanization factors that affect ecosystem services and analyze the potential effects of these factors on the ecosystem. We selected the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration to investigate these effects, and designed three indicators to map the urbanization level: Population density, gross domestic product (GDP) density, and the construction land proportion. Four indicators were chosen to quantify ecosystem services: Food production, carbon sequestration and oxygen production, water conservation, and soil conservation. To handle the nonlinear interactions, we used a random forest (RF) method to assess the effect of urbanization on ecosystem services in the BTH area from 2000 to 2014. Our study demonstrated that population density and economic growth were the internal driving forces affecting ecosystem services. We observed changing trends in the effect of urbanization: The effect of population density on ecosystem services increased, the effect of the proportion of construction land was consistent with population density, and the effect of GDP density on ecosystem services decreased. Our results suggest that controlling the population and GDP would significantly influence the sustainable development in large urban areas.

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