Mesotrione, Topramezone, and Amicarbazone Combinations for Postemergence Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control

Selective annual bluegrass (ABG) control with mesotrione is often inconsistent, and sequential applications might be required for complete control. The complementary nature ofp-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)- and photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides is well documented. The HPPD-inhibiting herbicide mesotrione and the PSII-inhibiting herbicide amicarbazone both have efficacy against annual bluegrass and safety on certain cool-season turfgrasses. Topramezone is a HPPD-inhibiting herbicide being investigated for use in turfgrass. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine single applications of topramezone and mesotrione alone or in combination with amicarbazone for POST ABG control in spring. In greenhouse experiments, the combination of mesotrione (280 g ai ha−1) and amicarbazone (75 g ai ha−1) controlled ABG 70% by 21 d after treatment, > 29% more than either herbicide applied alone; these combinations were determined to be synergistic. Amicarbazone combined with topramezone (14.5 g ai ha−1) provided < 10% ABG control and was not synergistic. When combined with mesotrione, increasing amicarbazone rate to 150 or 255 g ha−1did not increase ABG control compared to 75 g ha−1in field experiments. Combining mesotrione with amicarbazone resulted in a synergistic increase in POST ABG control at 1 and 2 wk after treatment (WAT). When applied alone or in combination with amicarbazone, increasing the mesotrione rate from 90 to 280 g ha−1increased efficacy on ABG in field experiments. The combination of mesotrione at 280 g ha−1and amicarbazone at 75 g ha−1provided > 90% ABG control in field experiments. Future research should focus on sequential applications of mesotrione–amicarbazone combinations for ABG control in locations where ABG is historically more difficult to control.

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Effects of Soil vs. Foliar Application of Amicarbazone on Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-11-00021.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 604-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

D. H. Perry ◽

J. S. McElroy ◽

R. H. Walker

Keyword(s):

Quantum Yield ◽

Photosystem Ii ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Rapid Reduction ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Greenhouse Experiments ◽

Root Exposure

Amicarbazone is a photosystem II (PSII) inhibiting herbicide of the triazolinone herbicide family. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare the effects of amicarbazone and atrazine on annual bluegrass control and quantum yield (ΦPSII) when applied at three treatment placements (soil-only, foliage-only, and foliage + soil). Herbicide rates for amicarbazone and atrazine were 0.53 and 2.25 kg ha−1, respectively. Amicarbazone applied soil-only and foliage + soil controlled annual bluegrass 57 and 59%, respectively, 1 wk after treatment (WAT). Atrazine applied to foliage + soil controlled annual bluegrass 48% at 1 WAT. All soil-only and foliage + soil treatments were similar 2 WAT. Foliage-only application of amicarbazone provided significantly less control than other amicarbazone treatments throughout the study. Amicarbazone applied soil-only and foliage + soil controlled annual bluegrass 100% at 3 WAT. Soil-only and foliage + soil applications of atrazine and amicarbazone had similar reductions in quantum yield (ΦPSII) at 1 to 3 WAT. Foliar-applied amicarbazone reduced ΦPSII 78, 84, and 86% at 1, 2, and 3 WAT, respectively. The rapid reduction in annual bluegrass ΦPSII and the increase in control resulting from soil contact of amicarbazone indicate root exposure of amicarbazone is beneficial for annual bluegrass control.

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Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control in Glyphosate-Resistant Perennial Ryegrass Overseeding

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-13-00111.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 213-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael L. Flessner ◽

J. Scott McElroy ◽

Glenn R. Wehtje

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Application Rate ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Single Application ◽

Data Types ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Greenhouse Experiments

‘Replay' and ‘JS501’ perennial ryegrass cultivars have been conventionally bred for reduced sensitivity to glyphosate, potentially allowing the herbicide to be used for selective weed control in overseeded bermudagrass. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate optimal glyphosate application rate, regime (single and sequential applications), and timing for annual bluegrass control in bermudagrass overseeded with these cultivars. Additionally, greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare the sensitivity to glyphosate of Replay and JS501 to susceptible cultivars ‘Caddy Shack' and ‘Top Gun II' through log-logistic rate-response analysis. In field experiments, only two treatments resulted in > 90% annual bluegrass control and < 25% perennial ryegrass injury. These two treatments were a single application of 280 g ae ha−1glyphosate in January and 140 g ha−1followed by an additional 140 g ha−1applied in January. Perennial ryegrass cultivars were compared using 50% inhibition (I50) values, i.e. 50% visible estimates of injury or 50% reduction in clipping weight.I50values obtained 6 wk after treatment from injury data were 2.56, 2.64, 0.81, and 0.84 g ha−1glyphosate for Replay, JS501, Caddy Shack, and Top Gun II, respectively. Replay and JS501 were similar in sensitivity to glyphosate and were up to four times more tolerant than Caddy Shack and Top Gun II across rating dates and data types.

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Tall Fescue and Perennial Ryegrass Reseeding Intervals for Amicarbazone

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.46.4.648 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 648-650 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Patrick E. McCullough ◽

James T. Brosnan ◽

Gregory K. Breeden

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Cool Season ◽

Annual Bluegrass

Turf managers applying amicarbazone for annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) control in cool-season turfgrasses may wish to reseed into treated areas. Field experiments were conducted in Georgia and Tennessee to investigate perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) reseeding intervals after amicarbazone applications. Perennial ryegrass and tall fescue cover were reduced similarly (less than 10% from the untreated) by all herbicides applied 2, 4, or 6 weeks before seeding. Bispyribac-sodium at 0.1 kg a.i./ha reduced tall fescue and perennial ryegrass cover more than amicarbazone at 0.1 or 0.2 kg a.i./ha when applied the day of seeding. Applied on the day of seeding in Georgia, amicarbazone at 0.4 kg·ha−1 reduced turf cover of each species similar to bispyribac-sodium; however, this response was not observed in Tennessee. Results suggest tall fescue and perennial ryegrass can be safely seeded the day of amicarbazone applications at 0.1 or 0.2 kg·ha−1, but practitioners may need to wait 2 weeks before seeding these turfgrasses into areas treated with amicarbazone at 0.4 kg·ha−1 or bispyribac-sodium at 0.1 kg a.i./ha.

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Response of Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) Cultivars and Selections to Bispyribac-sodium Herbicide

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.43.7.2252 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (7) ◽

pp. 2252-2255 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Robert R. Shortell ◽

Stephen E. Hart ◽

Stacy A. Bonos

Keyword(s):

New Jersey ◽

Initial Treatment ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Intraspecific Variability ◽

Kentucky Bluegrass ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Cool Season ◽

Annual Bluegrass

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic weed in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Bispyribac-sodium herbicide can effectively control established annual bluegrass in other cool-season turfgrasses, but unacceptable injury to Kentucky bluegrass has been reported. However, only a few Kentucky bluegrass cultivars have been evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of intraspecific variability among Kentucky bluegrass cultivars and selections to sequential applications of bispyribac-sodium herbicide. Field experiments were conducted in 2004 and 2005 in New Jersey to determine the response of 55 Kentucky bluegrass cultivars and selections to bispyribac-sodium. The herbicide was applied at 188 g·ha−1 followed 3 weeks later by a second application of 281 g·ha−1. Kentucky bluegrass injury ranged from 8% to 93% 8 weeks after initial treatment (WAIT). ‘Blackstone’, ‘Serene’, and A98-962 were the most tolerant to bispyribac-sodium, exhibiting less than 20% injury 8 WAIT. Conversely, ‘Washington’, 95AN-10, and ‘Avalanche’ were the most susceptible with up to 93% injury 8 WAIT. The range in tolerance to bispyribac-sodium within Kentucky bluegrass indicates the potential for the identification and development of cultivars with improved tolerance to bispyribac-sodium herbicide.

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Mesotrione and Amicarbazone Tank-mixtures for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control in Cool-season Turfgrass

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci16212-21 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 10-16

Author(s):

Matthew T. Elmore ◽

Aaron J. Patton ◽

Adam W. Thoms ◽

Daniel P. Tuck

Keyword(s):

New Jersey ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Kentucky Bluegrass ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Cool Season ◽

Poor Control ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Postemergence Herbicides

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) control with postemergence herbicides in cool-season turfgrass is often inconsistent. Amicarbazone and mesotrione have complementary modes of action but have not been evaluated in tank-mixtures for control of mature annual bluegrass in cool-season turfgrass. Field experiments were conducted during 2018 in New Jersey, and in Indiana, Iowa, and New Jersey during 2019 to evaluate springtime applications of amicarbazone and mesotrione for POST annual bluegrass control in cool-season turfgrass. On separate tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) sites in 2018, three sequential applications of amicarbazone (53 g⋅ha−1) + mesotrione at 110 to 175 g⋅ha−1 provided >70% annual bluegrass control, whereas three sequential applications of amicarbazone alone at 53 and 70 as well as two sequential applications at 110 g⋅ha−1 provided <15% control at 14 weeks after initial treatment (WAIT). In 2019, results in New Jersey were similar to 2018 where amicarbazone alone provided less control than mesotrione + amicarbazone tank-mixtures. In Indiana, where the annual bluegrass infestation was severe and most mature, tank-mixtures were more effective than amicarbazone alone at 6 WAIT, but at 12 WAIT all treatments provided poor control. In Iowa, where the annual bluegrass infestation was <1 year old, all treatments provided similar control throughout the experiment and by >80% at the conclusion of the experiment. This research demonstrates that sequential applications of mesotrione + amicarbazone can provide more annual bluegrass control than either herbicide alone, but efficacy is inconsistent across locations, possibly due to annual bluegrass maturity and infestation severity.

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Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Amicarbazone in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua), Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-12-00136.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 217-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jialin Yu ◽

Patrick E. McCullough ◽

William K. Vencill

Keyword(s):

Tall Fescue ◽

Festuca Arundinacea ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Agrostis Stolonifera ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Physiological Effects ◽

Cool Season ◽

Foliar Absorption ◽

Annual Bluegrass

Amicarbazone controls annual bluegrass in cool-season turfgrasses but physiological effects that influence selectivity have received limited investigation. The objective of this research was to evaluate uptake, translocation, and metabolism of amicarbazone in these species. Annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, and tall fescue required < 3, 56, and 35 h to reach 50% foliar absorption, respectively. At 72 h after treatment (HAT), annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass translocated 73 and 70% of root-absorbed14C to shoots, respectively, while tall fescue only distributed 55%. Annual bluegrass recovered ≈ 50% more root-absorbed14C in shoots than creeping bentgrass and tall fescue. Creeping bentgrass and tall fescue metabolism of amicarbazone was ≈ 2-fold greater than annual bluegrass from 1 to 7 d after treatment (DAT). Results suggest greater absorption, more distribution, and less metabolism of amicarbazone in annual bluegrass, compared to creeping bentgrass and tall fescue, could be attributed to selectivity of POST applications.

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Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Putting Green Tolerance to Bispyribac-Sodium

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-09-005.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 425-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patrick E. McCullough ◽

Stephen E. Hart

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Agrostis Stolonifera ◽

Root Weight ◽

Putting Greens ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Greenhouse Experiments ◽

Chelated Iron ◽

Putting Green

Bispyribac-sodium is an efficacious herbicide for annual bluegrass control in creeping bentgrass fairways, but turf tolerance and growth inhibition may be exacerbated by low mowing heights on putting greens. We conducted field and greenhouse experiments to investigate creeping bentgrass putting green tolerance to bispyribac-sodium. In greenhouse experiments, creeping bentgrass discoloration from bispyribac-sodium was exacerbated by reductions in mowing height from 24 to 3 mm, but mowing height did not influence clipping yields or root weight. In field experiments, discoloration of creeping bentgrass putting greens was greatest from applications of 37 g/ha every 10 d, compared to 74, 111, or 222 g/ha applied less frequently. Chelated iron effectively reduced discoloration of creeping bentgrass putting greens from bispyribac-sodium while trinexapac-ethyl inconsistently reduced these effects. Overall, creeping bentgrass putting greens appear more sensitive to bispyribac-sodium than higher mowed turf, but chelated iron and trinexapac-ethyl could reduce discoloration.

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Cool-season Turfgrass Response to Bispyribac-Sodium

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.5.1552 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1552-1555 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Darren W. Lycan ◽

Stephen E. Hart

Keyword(s):

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Kentucky Bluegrass ◽

Cool Season ◽

Severe Stunting ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Fine Fescue

Previous research has demonstrated that bispyribac-sodium can selectively control established annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). Annual bluegrass is also a problematic weed in other cool-season turfgrass species. However, the relative tolerance of other cool-season turfgrass species to bispyribac is not known. Field experiments were conducted at Adelphia, N.J., in 2002 and 2003 to gain understanding of the phytotoxic effects that bispyribac may have on kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea (L.) Schreb.), and chewings fine fescue (Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata Gaud.). Single applications of bispyribac at 37 to 296 g·ha–1 were applied to mature stands of each species on 11 June, 2002 and 10 June, 2003. Visual injury was evaluated and clippings were collected 35 and 70 days after treatment (DAT). Visual injury at 35 DAT increased as bispyribac rate increased. Kentucky bluegrass was least tolerant to bispyribac with up to 28% injury when applied at 296 g·ha–1. Injury on other species did not exceed 20%. Initial injury on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and chewings fine fescue was primarily in the form of chlorosis, while kentucky bluegrass exhibited more severe stunting and thinning symptoms. Bispyribac at rates from 74 to 296 g·ha–1 reduced kentucky bluegrass clipping weights by 19% to 35%, respectively, as compared to the untreated control at 35 DAT in 2002. Initial visual injury on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and chewings fine fescue dissipated to ≤5% by 70 DAT. However, recovery of kentucky bluegrass was less complete. These studies suggest that bispyribac-sodium has potential to severely injure kentucky bluegrass. Injury on perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and chewings fine fescue appears to be less severe and persistent; therefore, bispyribac can be used for weed control in these species. Chemical names used: 2,6-bis[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)oxy]benzoic acid (bispyribac-sodium).

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Effectiveness of Herbicide Programs for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control in Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500044210 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 367-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. W. Bingham ◽

R. L. Shaver

Keyword(s):

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Residual Life ◽

Poa Annua ◽

Open Spaces ◽

Complete Control ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Adequate Control ◽

Annual Grasses ◽

Annual Weeds ◽

Herbicide Programs

Annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL.) growing in bermudagrass completes its life cycle in May and dies leaving open spaces in the turfgrass. This occurs at a time when summer annual weeds are germinating and these weeds fill the space formerly occupied by the annual bluegrass. As the summer annual weeds die in the fall, annual bluegrass germinates and fills the space formerly occupied by the summer annual weeds. To control annual bluegrass, it is important to control the summer annual grasses and manage the bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.] to maintain a competitive groundcover especially during the peak germination period for the weeds. Herbicide programs over a three-year period were designed to control annual grasses with treatments in April for large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.], in May or June for goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn.] and in late August for annual bluegrass. Oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-δ2-1,3,4-ozadiazolin-5-one] applied in August gave complete control of annual bluegrass. Although oxadiazon has a long residual life in the soil, annual bluegrass was poorly controlled with treatments made in June. Fall (August or September) applications of benefin [N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine], prosulfalinN-[[4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrophenyl] sulfonyl]-S,S-dimethylsulfilimine and butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] provided adequate control of annual bluegrass with only a few exceptions during the three-year period. Bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] gave variable control of annual bluegrass; however, this was improved in programs with oxadiazon which provide goosegrass control during summer. In these studies, DCPA [dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate], even with three applications a year, gave very little control of annual bluegrass. When oxadiazon was used in rotation with DCPA, adequate control was obtained.

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Control of skunk-vine (Paederia foetidaL.) with preemergence and postemergence herbicides in central Florida during the winter season

Invasive Plant Science and Management ◽

10.1017/inp.2019.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 51-59

Author(s):

S. Christopher Marble ◽

Annette Chandler

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Winter Season ◽

High Rate ◽

Future Research ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Central Florida ◽

Greenhouse Experiments ◽

Paederia Foetida ◽

Application Methods ◽

Postemergence Herbicides

AbstractSkunk-vine (Paederia foetidaL.) is an invasive vine native to eastern and southern Asia and is widely distributed in Florida, Hawaii, and other southeastern U.S. states; however, little research has focused on herbicide control. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine efficacy of aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, fluroxypyr, glyphosate, imazapic, triclopyr amine, and triclopyr ester at low and high labeled rates when foliar applied toP. foetidaat various growth stages in greenhouse experiments. Longer-term control was evaluated in field experiments in central Florida using the same herbicides. PRE herbicides labeled for use in landscape plantings, including dimethenamid-P, flumioxazin, indaziflam, isoxaben, and prodiamine, were also evaluated in greenhouse trials by seeding containers withP. foetidaseed. In greenhouse experiments, POST herbicides, including aminocyclopyrachlor, aminopyralid, glyphosate, both triclopyr formulations, and the high rate of fluroxypyr (0.24 kg ae ha−1), provided >90% control across all growth stages at 4 mo after treatment with no regrowth observed. Imazapic provided 49% to 89% control, with efficacy decreasing withP. foetidasize, and generally provided less control than other treatments. Field experiments confirmed results from greenhouse studies. In PRE trials, flumioxazin and prodiamine provided better control than all other PRE herbicides evaluated, reducing shoot weights by 99% and 84%, respectively, compared with nontreated controls. Our data suggest all herbicides evaluated POST could potentially be used to manageP. foetida, although less control was achieved with imazapic compared with other herbicides. Further research is needed to determine herbicide efficacy on more mature plants and to develop application methods that would be less injurious to non-target vegetation. In landscapes, flumioxazin or prodiamine could be used for PRE control, but POST options that are labeled for landscape use should be identified in future research.

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