scholarly journals Preliminary evaluation of the effect of Ampelomyces quisqualis on the degree of plant infestation with selected Erysiphales species proposed as potential bioindicators

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 436-438
Author(s):  
E. Sucharzewska ◽  
M. Dynowska
Keyword(s):  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Ampelomyces Quisqualis ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Caragana Arborescens ◽  
Year 2000

In the year 2000 Ampelomyces quisqualis was noted, with various intensity, in north-eastern Poland on different species of Erysiphales selected as potential bioindicators of urban pollution. The results of observation of Erysiphe sordida (on Plantago major), Sphaeroteca erigerontis-canadensis (on Taraxacum officinale) and Microsphaera hypophylla (on Quercus robur) – susceptible species, and Microsphaera palczewskii (on Caragana arborescens) – a resistant species, suggest that A. quisqualis shows affinity to some hosts regardless of their individual reactions to the level and range of anthropopressure. It clearly prefers the genera: Erysiphe and Sphaerotheca. Its effect on the degree of host plant infestation with powdery mildew under natural conditions seems insignificant.

FOOD-FINDING BY POLYPHAGOUS ARCTIID CATERPILLARS LACKING ANTENNAL AND MAXILLARY CHEMORECEPTORS

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Dethier
Keyword(s):  
Search Behavior ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Chemical Stimuli ◽  
Chemosensory Organs ◽  
Digitizing Tablet

AbstractPatterns of locomotion of arctiid caterpillars, Diacrisia virginica Fabr., deprived of all external chemosensory organs were recorded in a field where there was patchy distribution of two of the most favored food plants, Plantago major L. and Taraxacum officinale Walker, on a background of grass and mixed forbs. Each track traced in the field was retraced on a digitizing tablet from its point of origin in the center of a circle of 30 cm radius to the circumference. The length of the path was a measure of tortuosity. The patterns of paths followed by normal, antennectomized, maxillectomized, and antennectomized + maxillectomized larvae were compared. No differences in meander were found. The ability of larvae of each class to locate, discriminate among, and feed upon food plants was tested in field-plot tests and cafeteria tests. Different degrees of chemosensory deprivation did not affect ability to locate and begin feeding on plants but did impair ability to discriminate among species. Execution of normal patterns of meandering by chemosensorily deprived larvae and successful encounters with food plants support the hypothesis that food-related search behavior by this species of caterpillar is neither initiated nor steered by chemical stimuli provided by food plants.

scholarly journals Efecto del extracto de plantas medicinales sobre el crecimiento de Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Flor Teresa García Huamán ◽  
Marleny Angeles Trauco
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Dodonaea Viscosa ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
E Coli

<p>El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto del extracto de plantas medicinales sobre el crecimiento de Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus crecimiento de <em>Escherichia coli </em>y <em>Staphylococcus aureus. </em>El diseño de estudio fue experimental, diseño factorial, de corte transversal. Se aislaron las bacterias y se obtuvieron extractos, utilizando 1 L. de etanol (QP) por cada 100g. de hoja triturada. Se almacenó a temperatura ambiente por 20 días, se filtró y evaporó a 40°C. Posteriormente se colocó 10ul a discos de papel de 6mm., luego se realizó la siembra y colocación de los discos, después de 48 horas se midió los halos de inhibición. Se encontró que los extractos no afectan el crecimiento de <em>E. Coli </em>pero si inhiben el crecimiento de <em>Staphylococcus aureus. </em>Se concluye que el efecto de los extractos de las plantas medicinales como: <em>Aloysia citriodora </em>“cedrón”, <em>Ambrosia arborescens </em>“marco”, <em>Bidens pilosa </em>“cadillo”, <em>Dodonaea viscosa </em>“chamana”, <em>Matricaria chamomilla </em>“manzanilla, <em>Minthostachys mollis </em>“poleo”, <em>Psidium guajaba </em>“guayaba”, <em>Plantago major </em>“llantén”, <em>Taraxacum officinale </em>“ diente de león” es negativa para <em>Escherichia coli</em>, pues no se evidenciaron halos de inhibición a diferencia de <em>Staphylcoccus aureus </em>donde se observó un efecto positivo, evidenciándose halos de inhibición, siendo el mayor (23.3 mm) con <em>Aloysia citridora </em>y el menor (9 mm) con <em>Matricaria chamonilla.</em></p>

scholarly journals Valoración nutricional y emisión de gases de algunos recursos forrajeros del trópico de altura

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Edmundo Apráez G. ◽  
Arturo Gálvez C. ◽  
Carlos Jojoa R.
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Se determinó la producción de gases (metano, AGVs) en algunos forrajes herbáceos, arbóreos y arbustivos de la región lechera del municipio de Pasto, en altitudes comprendidas entre 2600 a 3200 m.s.n.m. Para ello, se tomaron veinte muestras de praderas, entre monocultivo y mezcla, y de otras plantas que utilizan como alimento del ganado, entre los que se destacan: Holcus lanatus L., Dactylis glomerata L., Trifolium pratense L., Trifolium repens L., Pennisetum clandestinum, Lolium sp, Taraxacum officinale, Rumex crispus L., Phalaris sp, Plantago major L., Avena sativa L. y Smallanthus pyramidalis. Estas plantas fueron incubadas con heces bovinas frescas, los gases generados por esta fermentación se cuantificó utilizando un transductor de presión conectado a un lector digital. Las mediciones se realizaron a las 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 y 72 horas del proceso. La validación estadística se realizó mediante un modelo de medidas repetidas las medias fueron ajustadas y comparadas según la prueba de Tukey - Kramer. La pradera en mezcla de H. lanatus, Lolium sp., P. clandestinum, y T. repens presentó la mayor producción de gas metano con 560 ml/ Kg MS, y el ensilaje de A. sativa, la menor con 30 ml/Kg MS. La mayor degradabilidad de materia seca (DMO) se observó en A. sativa con 62,84%, y la menor en la mezcla de Lolium sp., T. repens con 29,79%. La mayor DMO se dio en la mezcla de P. clandestinum, H. lanatus y T. repens, con 91,34%, y en P. major con 82,50%. Los valores más altos de ácido propiónico se observaron en P. major, en Lolium sp., y en la mezcla de H. lanatus, Lolium sp., P. clandestinum, y T. repens con 920, 860, 860 ml/L respectivamente.

scholarly journals 423 hortIPM: An Interactive Integrated Pest Management Program

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 517C-517
Author(s):  
Don C. Wilkerson ◽  
Dan R. Lineberger ◽  
Priscilla J. Files
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Greenhouse Growers ◽  
Year 2000

In response to the goals set forth in Target 2000, a long-range environmental plan for the Texas/Floral Industry developed by the TAMU Nursery/Floral Management Team in cooperation with the Texas Association of Nurserymen (TAN), an interactive, World Wide Web-based integrated pest management program (hortIPM) has been developed for commercial nursery and greenhouse growers. The objective of Target 2000 is to assist growers in initiation of innovative cultural and structural practices, which will result in the following changes by the year 2000: 1) reduce water consumption to 1990 levels; 2) reduce current fertilizer and pesticide usage by 50%; 3) lower current energy consumption by 25%; 4) reduce current solid wastes from agricultural plastics by 75%; 5) develop applications for municipal wastes and composted materials for nursery and floral crop production. More so than in any other cropping system, ornamental stock producers apply pesticides on a calendar basis regardless of pest damage to prevent cosmetic injury to their crops, thus reducing their marketability. As justification for this misuse of insecticides, growers cite the extraordinary low damage thresholds associated with their crops. Nursery and floral crops producers that have better access to educational resources and recommendations may be more inclined to follow biologically sound pest management principles. HortIPM is designed as a tool to facilitate access to pest management information and enhance IPM programs already in place. Currently, hortIPM is in the developmental phase, on the cusp of release to a number of sites for preliminary evaluation.

scholarly journals New data on the distribution of Parnopes grandior (Pallas, 1771) (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) in northern Poland: habitat conditions propitious to this rare cuckoo-wasp species

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucyna Twerd ◽  
Józef Banaszak
Keyword(s):  
Military Training ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitats ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Poland ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
North Eastern Part

Abstract Parnopes grandior is a species that until recently was on the brink of extinction in Poland. Current data, however, indicates that it is expanding north-westwards. Most records of this species come from after the year 2000, primarily in northern Poland, especially in the north-eastern part of the country. Simultaneously, our research has shown that anthropogenic habitats like sand quarries and military training grounds are optimal sites for P. grandior.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF TROUT NATURALIZATION IN WATER BODIES IN NORTH-EASTERN EUROPEAN RUSSIA (CASE OF VYCHEGDA RIVER TRIBUTARIES)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Alexander Borisovich Zakharov ◽  
Eduard Ivanovich Boznak
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
River System ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

The article highlights the ichthyological studies carried out in the Sysola river basin (a second order tributary of the Severnaya Dvina river), where rainbow trout is reared in cages for commercial purposes in the waters of regulated tributaries. The forecast for trout naturalization seems to be poor due to the fact that trout of different ages enter the river system every year as a result of technological accidents. It has been found that, despite the numerous cases of trout occurring in the natural conditions during 40 years, in the basin of the Sysola river has not formed a self-reproducing population of rainbow trout, and cases of its by-catch are rare. The data on the climatic and ecological conditions of the region are given. It has been inferred that the main factors preventing the naturalization of trout in the water bodies of the region are unfavorable temperature and hydrological regimes during the spawning and early ontogenesis of fish. The short summer feeding period does not allow trout to prepare for successful long wintering, as evidenced by a sharp decrease in the growth rate of fish that have fallen into natural conditions, compared to fish grown in cages. Trout of cage origin obviously do not form stable groups capable of reproducing the species and do not pose a threat to the aboriginal fish population, including Atlantic salmon, whose spawning and a significant part of the life cycle take place on many rivers of the north-eastern European Russia, including the basins of the Severnaya Dvina and Pechora rivers

scholarly journals РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СООБЩЕСТВА НАРУШЕННЫХ МЕСТООБИТАНИЙ ТАЙГИ И ПОДТАЙГИ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛЬЧЕСКОЙ ЧАСТИ КРАСНОЯРСКОГО КРАЯ

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Бекетова О.А. ◽  
Комаров И.В.
Keyword(s):  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Equisetum Arvense ◽  
Anthriscus Sylvestris ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

В статье представлены результаты исследования сорной флоры Енисейского и Казачинского районов Красноярского края. Объектом исследования является сорный компонент флоры Красноярского края. Цель исследования: обследовать растительные сообщества рудеральных и нарушенных местообитаний, выявить наиболее распространенные виды в условиях тайги и подтайги земледельческой части Красноярского края. Маршрут прoхoдил вдoль oснoвнoй трассы Краснoярск – Енисейск (04К-044 «Енисейский тракт»), oхват примернo oт 170 до 284 км. При oбследoвании делали oстанoвки через каждые 8–10 км в зависимoсти oт наличия участкoв, занятых пoд зернoвые культуры. На местообитаниях разного типа наиболее представительными являются семейство Poaceae Bernhart. Мятликовые, семейство Asteraceae Dumort. Астровые, также больше видов семейства Fabaceae Lindl. Бобовые и семейства Brassicaceae Burnett (Cruciferae Juss.) Капустные. В посевах зерновых культур более обильно и чаще встречаются следующие виды: Apera spica-venti (L.) Beauv. – метлица обыкновенная, Equisetum arvense L. – хвощ полевой, Amaranthus retroflexus L. – щирица запрокинутая, Taraxacum officinale Wigg. – одуванчик лекарственный, Sonchus arvensis L. – осот полевой, Cichorium intybus L. – цикорий обыкновенный, Cannabis ruderalis Janish – конопля сорная. Для каждого растения на нарушенных местообитаниях рассчитали: встречаемость, средний балл обилия вида, интегральный индекс встречаемости и обилия. Наиболее высокий интегральный индекс выявлен для видов: Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski – пырей ползучий, Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess. – бодяк щетинистый, осот розовый, Equisetum arvense L. – хвощ полевой, Artemisia vulgaris L. – полынь обыкновенная, чернобыльник, Matricaria perforate Меrat – ромашка непахучая, Anthriscus sylvestris – купырь лесной, морковник, дудка, Trifolium repens L. – клевер ползучий, Plantago major L. – подорожник большой, Festuca pratensis Huds. – овсяница луговая, Urtica dioica L. – крапива двудомная, который составляет 1,24 – 0,41. На рудеральных местообитаниях наиболее вредоносные виды: Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski – пырей ползучий, Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess. – бодяк щетинистый, осот розовый, Equisetum arvense L. – хвощ полевой, Artemisia vulgaris L. – полынь обыкновенная, чернобыльник.

scholarly journals Occurrence of anamorphic and teleomorphic stage of Erysiphe palczewskii (syn. Microsphaera palczewskii) on Caragana arborescens in the Czech Republic and Austria and its morphological characterisation

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lebeda ◽  
B. Mieslerová ◽  
M. Sedlářová ◽  
M. Pejchal
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Morphological Characterisation ◽  
Ampelomyces Quisqualis ◽  
Caragana Arborescens ◽  
Detailed Record ◽  
Private Garden

During the summer of 2007 in a private garden in Smržice (district Prostějov, Czech Republic) symptoms of powdery mildew on <I>Caragana arborescens</I> were recorded. Until now at least two powdery mildew species (<I>Microsphaera trifolii</I> var. <I>trifolii</I> and <I>M. palczewskii</I>), both differing in some basic morphological features, have been recorded for the genus <I>Caragana</I>. Comparison of our measurements with previous descriptions of powdery mildew samples found in the Czech Republic on <I>Caragana arborescens</I> identified our species as <I>Microsphaera palczewskii</I> (newly <I>Erysiphe palczewskii</I>). This is probably the first detailed record of this species on C. <I>arborescens</I> in the Czech Republic. Fungus from Czech Republic was compared with the material collected in 2007 in Vienna (Austria). The aim of this paper was to provide a detailed comparative morphological characterisation of <I>E. palczewskii</I> anamorph and teleomorph found in the Czech Republic and in Austria. Serious reduction of the anamorph, caused by hyperparasitic fungus <I>Ampelomyces quisqualis</I>, was recorded on the sample from Austria.

scholarly journals Contribution to the characteristic of Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl population in the initial zone of floating mat on an oligo-humotrophic lake in north-eastern Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Namura-Ochalska
Keyword(s):  
Open Water ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Rhizome Growth ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Initial Zone ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Natural Barrier ◽  
Floating Mat

In the initial phase of growth in an oligo-humotrophic lake, <em>Cladium mariscus</em> forms a dense and tall sawgrass bed invading the open water in the form of a floating mat. High densities of submerged evergreen perennial stems of <em>C. mariscus</em>, over two metres high and abundantly fruiting, ensure its persistence, and form a natural barrier to the invasion of other species. Dense mats of sawgrass are formed as a result of clonal and rhizome growth. Although diaspore production is abundant under natural conditions, only vegetative propagation of stems was observed. In different variants of the experiment only seeds wintering on stems of mother plants were capable of germinating. Hard seed coats had an important effect on the germination capacity of seeds.

scholarly journals Dependence of soil microbiota in apple tree plantations on moisture level and agrotechnical methods

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
V. A. Lavrinova ◽  
T. S. Polunina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Soil Mites ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

Studies were conducted in the I. V. Michurin Federal Scientifi c Center and in its Middle Russian branch. For the fi rst time in the North-Eastern part of the Central black earth region, researches are being conducted to study the microbiota of the soil in the garden of pome crops. The aim of this research was to study the micromycetic composition of the soil in the agrocenosis of a multifactorial experience of an intensive apple orchard. Soil samples were taken in the space between rows and near-stem stripes on the sodding, in the space between rows and near-stem stripes on the fallow land. Experimental conditions: 1) control (natural conditions); 2) optimal moisture (irrigation, soil moisture 80 %); 3) waterlogging (irrigation, soil moisture 120 %). As a result of the conducted research, the dependence of the number of phytopathogenic and saprotrophic populations on the elements of agrotechnology was shown. The maximum number of the population was marked in the near-stem stripes on the fallow land and the minimal number was marked in the near-stem stripes on the sodding. The eff ect of moistening on the number of soil micromycetes was revealed. 80 % moisturized sodded space between rows and near-stem stripes, space between rows on fallow land at a humidity of 120 %, and near-stem stripes with 80 % moisture contained a high number of phytopathogens in relation to natural conditions. The greatest species diversity of the soil mycobiota was observed in the sodded near-stem stripes. A strong correlation was established from reverse close (r = -0.98) to positive close (r = 0.83) in relation to the phytopathogens and saprotrophs in the sodded row spacing; in the soil of the sodded near-stem stripes – from close negative (r = -0.90) to close positive (r = 0.92). It was noted that soil mites did not tolerate the over moistened soil, nematodes, on the contrary, were activated in soils with a humidity of 80 % and 120 % in sodded row spacing. The correlation between nematodes and soil mites in all variants remained strong (r = 0.86-0.97), closer in the control. The number of micromycete organisms in the soil was determined by a modifi ed fl otation method. In the course of research, 1 ml of distilled water was added at one of the stages, instead of a 0.1 % solution of potassium pyrophosphate; on the other, 29 ml of 0.1 % potassium pyrophosphate solution was added instead of 29 ml of distilled water.

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