scholarly journals Safe drinking water and sanitary facilities utilization in households of Belagavi urban slums, Karnataka, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Jambulingam Vasanthakumar ◽  
Bhuvana Gajula ◽  
Shilpa Reddy Ganta
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Joint Monitoring

Background: Safe water and adequate sanitation are basic to the health of every person, yet many people throughout the world do not have access to these needs. Access to these basic services is not only a fundamental right, but also a steppingstone to sustainable development of the country. Objective of this study was conducted to measure the proportion of slum households using improved drinking water and sanitation facilities.Methods: Study was conducted among 620 slum households in Belagavi from by interviewing one member from each household using WHO/UNICEF joint monitoring program core questions on drinking water and sanitation for household surveys.Results: All the slum households (100%) used improved drinking water source; piped water in yard or plot (68.22%) being the primary source. 94.35% of households used improved water source for cooking and/or hand washing purpose. 49.03% of households used improved sanitation facilities and 55.97% used unimproved sanitation facilities. Proportion of households with no latrine facilities and practicing open defecation were 13.06%. About 27.69% households had reported diarrheal events in children in the previous month. Type of latrine used by households was found significantly associated with the diarrheal events in children.Conclusions: Utilization of safe drinking water in Belagavi slums has increased when compared to global and national levels but households with piped water supply are still low. Access to improved sanitation facilities is still lacking in many households. Increasing access to basic sanitation at the household level and behavior change awareness programs could help in achieving universal sanitation coverage.

scholarly journals Assessment of water and sanitation facilities of Raipur, Hingna in the district of Nagpur: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1410
Author(s):  
Anchlesh V. Tekam ◽  
Sushama S. Thakre ◽  
Subhash Thakre ◽  
Roshan U. Raut
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Joint Monitoring ◽  
Core Questions

Background: Drinking water supply and sanitation in India continue to be inadequate, despite longstanding attempts by the different levels of government and communities at improving coverage. The study was conducted to assess the water and sanitation facilities of Raipur, Hingna in the district of Nagpur.Methods: A community‑based, cross‑sectional research was conducted among 521 households in Raipur (Hingna) from June to August 2018 by interviewing one member from each household using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire based on the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program Core questions on drinking water and sanitation for household surveys.Results: A majority 284 (54.5%) of slum households have piped water into dwelling, 157 (30.1%) used public tap and 460 (88.3%) household used flush or flush pour latrine. Open field defaecation was not reported in this study.Conclusions: The utilization of improved drinking water source was high. And piped water connection and improved sanitary toilet used was also high. The results coincide with the national and state figures.

Global return flow ratio

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Dug Wells

Population using an improved drinking water source (piped water into dwellings, yards or plots; public taps or standpipes; boreholes or tubewells; protected dug wells; or protected springs and rainwater) that is located on premises and available when needed and which is free of faecal and priority chemical contamination. Basin Pollution Quality Waste

scholarly journals Are children’s stools in Ghana disposed of safely? Evidence from the 2014 Ghana demographic and health survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Safe Disposal ◽  
Toilet Facility ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Northern Zone

Abstract Background Safe disposal of children’s faeces has always been one of the main challenges to good hygiene in Ghana. Although it has been proven that children’s faeces are more likely to spread diseases than adults’ faeces, people usually mistake them for harmlessness. This study, therefore, sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with safe disposal of children’s faeces in Ghana. Methods Data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey was used for the analysis. A sample size of 2228 mother-child pairs were used for the study. The outcome variable was disposal of children stools. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors with safe child stool disposal. Results The prevalence of safe child stool disposal in Ghana was 24.5%. Women in the middle [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.62; Confidence Interval (CI) = 3.00–7.10], Coastal Zone [AOR = 4.52; CI = 2.82–7.22], mothers whose children were aged 12–17 [AOR = 1.56; CI = 1.15–2.13] and 18–23 months [AOR = 1.75; CI = 1.29–2.39], and mothers whose household had improved type of toilet facility [AOR = 2.04; CI = 1.53–2.73] had higher odds of practicing safe children’s faeces disposal. However, women from households with access to improved source of drinking water [AOR = 0.62; CI = 0.45–2.7] had lower odds of practicing safe children’s faeces disposal. Conclusion Approximately only about 25 out of 100 women practice safe disposal of their children’s faeces in Ghana. The age of the child, ecological zone, the type of toilet facilities, and the type of drinking water source are associated with the disposal of child faeces. These findings have proven that only improved sanitation (i.e. drinking water and toilet facilities) are not enough for women to safely dispose of their children’s faeces. Therefore, in addition to provision of toilet facilities especially in the northern zone of Ghana, there is also the need to motivate and educate mothers on safe disposal of children’s stools especially those with children below 12 months. More so, mothers without access to improved toilet facility should also be educated on the appropriate ways to bury their children’s stools safely.

Assessment of access to water, sanitation and hygiene in rural schools of Central Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Bolatova ◽  
B Toleubekov ◽  
D Kulov ◽  
K Sukhanberdiyev ◽  
K Tussupova
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Joint Monitoring

Abstract Background The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call for universal coverage and access to drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for all by 2030. Access to WASH in schools is one of the priority areas, considering Joint Monitoring Program is lacking the data from many developing countries, particularly, rural areas including Kazakhstan. The aim of the paper is to assess the access to WASH at schools in rural regions of central Kazakhstan. Methods The study was conducted in three rural schools using focus group discussion with school heads, the observation of drinking water and sanitation units, and a questionnaire survey among 166 pupils. All tools cover the set of questions about the availability and the privacy of WASH facilities, accessibility, acceptability to pupils, functionality. Results Results of the study show that the main water source of Algabas and Kerney schools is a centralized piped water supply provided into the school building and 85,91% of pupils from these schools report the uninterrupted availability of water from this source. However, Sartau has its well, and only 51,72% of pupils from this school indicate that water from the main source is continuously available. All toilets are flushing toilets inside of schools and not connected to the centralized sewage system. The maximum number of the toilet is 6 in the Kerney school; however, this amount of toilets is not enough for the number of pupils by the national norms. Majority of pupils (89,15%) report that the school toilets are always available. Nevertheless, 34,87% of pupils indicate no toilet paper as a reason for not using the school toilet. Handwashing facilities are located near the toilets and in classrooms. Only 53,02% have soap available and 42,77% have access to hand drying facilities after handwashing. Conclusions The current study shows rural schools of Central Kazakhstan are not provided with sufficient materials for pupils to manage personal hygiene appropriately. Key messages The study is essential for mapping the situation of WASH in schools. This study provides the baseline data for JMP; consequently, it is crucial to plan the UN SDGs in Kazakhstan.

Discussion on Legislation of Rural Safe Drinking Water in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 94-96 ◽  
pp. 556-559
Author(s):  
Zhen Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Water Legislation ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Supply Planning ◽  
Framework System

There is a serious problem of rural unsafe drinking water in china,but only it is essential for legislation to solve comprehensively.Through the analysis of the legislative background, legislative basis and legislative framework system of rural safe drinking water,the paper explores some legislative issues.Water source contaminated by industrial pollutants, agricultural pollutants, domestic pollutants, is the biggest obstacle to rural drinking water safety.Rural safe drinking water legislation have sufficiently the constitutional basis and the basic law basis. Legislative framework system is composed of drinking water source protection,rural water supply planning,project financing,operation and management mechanisms,emergency warning system, pricing system, supervision system etc. Rural safe drinking water legislation will play a significant role in solving fundamentally the problem of rural safe drinking water.

scholarly journals Risk perception, choice of drinking water and water treatment: evidence from Kenyan towns

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Onjala ◽  
Simon Wagura Ndiritu ◽  
Jesper Stage
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Bivariate Probit Model ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Filter Water

This study used household survey data from four Kenyan towns to examine the effect of households' characteristics and risk perceptions on their decision to treat/filter water as well as on their choice of main drinking water source. Because the two decisions may be jointly made by the household, a seemingly unrelated bivariate probit model was estimated. It turned out that treating non-piped water and using piped water as a main drinking water source were substitutes. The evidence supports the finding that perceived risks significantly correlate with a household's decision to treat non-piped water before drinking it. The study also found that higher connection fees reduced the likelihood of households connecting to the piped network. Because the current connection fee acts as a cost hurdle which deters households from getting a connection, the study recommends a system where households pay the connection fee in instalments, through a prepaid water scheme or through a subsidy scheme.

scholarly journals Relationship between Environment, Smoking Behavior, Education, Poverty, and Prevalence of Stunted Toddler in Indonesia: An Ecological Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Dwi Laksono ◽  
Ratna Dwi Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Ecological Analysis

Abstract Background: The prevalence of stunted toddler in Indonesia is very high. The study was aimed at analyzing ecologically the factors related to the prevalence of stunted toddler in Indonesia.Methods: Ecological analysis was conducted using secondary data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia report in 2018. Apart from the stunted toddler, 6 other variables analyzed as independent variables were the percentage of households with access to safe drinking water sources, percentage of households with access to proper sanitation, percentage of households that occupy livable houses, percentage of the population who smoke, percentage of poor people, and percentage of the population completing basic education. Data were analyzed using a scatter plot.Results: The results of the study found that 4 variables (the percentage of household with access to a safe drinking water source, the percentage of household with access to proper sanitation, the percentage of the household that occupy livable houses, and the percentage of the population completing basic education) had a negative relationship with the prevalence of stunted toddlers in Indonesia. This means that the four variables are protective factors for a province to have a high prevalence of stunted toddler. Meanwhile, the percentage of poor people was found to be positively correlated with the prevalence of stunted toddlerConclusion: It was concluded that the five factors were related to the prevalence of stunted toddler in Indonesia.

Choosing bottled over tapped: drinking water in the Dominican Republic

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Nationally Representative

While not designated as an improved drinking water source, bottled water is increasingly used by households in low- and middle-income countries as families strive to obtain perceived safer drinking water. The Dominican Republic has high levels of bottled water use despite high levels of piped water access. This study aimed to identify household characteristics that are associated with choosing bottled over tapped drinking water in the Dominican Republic through further examination of data available from a nationally representative Demographic and Healthy Survey from 2007. Among households reporting tapped water as their primary non-drinking water source, 59.6% identified bottled water as their principal drinking water source in comparison with 24.7% identifying tapped water. Greater wealth explained the largest amount of variance in bottled over tapped drinking water. Other hypothesized variables related to choosing bottled over tapped included residence in more urban settings, having a young child in the household, having fewer persons in the household, and a head of household who is female, younger and with higher education. Nationally, representative data which include components investigating perceptions about drinking water and actual quality of drinking water are required to further understand this phenomenon and its impact.

scholarly journals The impact of on-premises piped water supply on fecal contamination pathways in rural Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Winter ◽  
Gary L. Darmstadt ◽  
Alexandria B. Boehm ◽  
Jennifer Davis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

AbstractReliable access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services is a critical component of child health and development. However, as piped water systems with taps conveniently close to households are rare in rural, sub-Saharan Africa, there is limited evidence of their impact. We conducted a quasi-experimental study in four rural villages of southern Zambia between April 2018 and May 2019 in which we measured the impact of installing on-premises piped water systems on fecal contamination of stored water and caregivers’ hands. Gaining access to piped water was associated with a 0.5 log10 reduction of E. coli concentration in drinking water (p < 0.05) but no changes in hand contamination. The piped water systems in this study reduced the median distance to a safe drinking water source by over 90%, but we measured only small improvements in microbiological outcomes and no changes in the duration of self-reported, in-home water storage. These findings emphasize the need for future impact assessments of piped water systems to measure a comprehensive set of indicators directly linked to human well-being such as time savings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document