scholarly journals Picture Stories: the Rise of the Photoessay in the Weimar Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Anton Holzer ◽  
Elisabeth Lauffer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Weimar Republic ◽  
The World ◽  
Narrative Unity ◽  
Editorial Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Photo Essay

Between the mid-1920s and the early 1930s German photojournalism experienced a profound, far-reaching upheaval. Up until this time, the illustrated mass media had favoured the reproduction of single photos, but during this brief period the photo-essay rose to prominence. Photographs and texts were integrated into a new, complex narrative unity: photoreportage. This article aims to reconstruct the historical conditions under which modern photo-reportage arose during the Weimar Republic. It will also revise certain accepted judgements about the history of photojournalism between the world wars. The development of modern photojournalism has until now been identified almost exclusively with the achievements of individual protagonists, mainly prominent photographers. Although these individuals played an important role in the production process of photoreportage, they were rarely consulted regarding editorial questions and layout. In order to better understand the economic development of photoreportage and its growth as a medium, it is necessary to examine the editorial work being done behind the scenes at the magazines and newspapers of the time. This article will therefore focus more on the development of the media and economic macrostructures at play in the emergence and growth of photo-reportage, and less on individual photographers’ contributions and photojournalistic output. It ultimately shows that the consolidation of modern photo-reportage was the result of closely connected media-related and social developments, commercial strategies and aesthetic decisions that went far beyond the agency of individuals.

Chosen Nation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Goossen
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Weimar Republic ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Church Leaders ◽  
The World ◽  
German Identity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the global Mennonite church developed an uneasy relationship with Germany. Despite the religion's origins in the Swiss and Dutch Reformation, as well as its longstanding pacifism, tens of thousands of members embraced militarist German nationalism. This book is a sweeping history of this encounter and the debates it sparked among parliaments, dictatorships, and congregations across Eurasia and the Americas. Offering a multifaceted perspective on nationalism's emergence in Europe and around the world, the book demonstrates how Mennonites' nationalization reflected and reshaped their faith convictions. While some church leaders modified German identity along Mennonite lines, others appropriated nationalism wholesale, advocating a specifically Mennonite version of nationhood. Examining sources from Poland to Paraguay, the book shows how patriotic loyalties rose and fell with religious affiliation. Individuals might claim to be German at one moment but Mennonite the next. Some external parties encouraged separatism, as when the Weimar Republic helped establish an autonomous “Mennonite State” in Latin America. Still others treated Mennonites as quintessentially German; under Hitler's Third Reich, entire colonies benefited from racial warfare and genocide in Nazi-occupied Ukraine. Whether choosing Germany as a national homeland or identifying as a chosen people, called and elected by God, Mennonites committed to collective action in ways that were intricate, fluid, and always surprising.

The Role of Religious Force in the Wukan Incident

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Yuxin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Social Management ◽  
The Village

Abstract The Wukan Incident attracted extensive attention both in China and around the world, and has been interpreted from many different perspectives. In both the media and academia, the focus has very much been on the temporal level of the Incident. The political and legal dimensions, as well as the implications of the Incident in terms of human rights have all been pored over. However, what all of these discussions have overlooked is the role played by religious force during the Incident. The village of Wukan has a history of over four hundred years, and is deeply influenced by the religious beliefs of its people. Within both the system of religious beliefs and in everyday life in the village, the divine immortal Zhenxiu Xianweng and the religious rite of casting shengbei have a powerful influence. In times of peace, Xianweng and casting shengbei work to bestow good fortune, wealth and longevity on both the village itself, and the individuals who live there. During the Wukan Incident, they had a harmonizing influence, and helped to unify and protect the people. Looking at the specific roles played by religion throughout the Wukan Incident will not only enable us to develop a more meaningful understanding of the cultural nature and the complexity of the Incident itself, it will also enrich our understanding, on a divine level, of innovations in social management.

ASSOCIATION “BUSINESS CENTRE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES”. THE MAIN MILESTONES OF INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION COOPERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-59
Author(s):  
Efim I. Pivovar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Media ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The article covers the activities of the Association called Business Centre for Economic Development of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The author examines in detail the twenty-year history of this organisation, its creation, goals and objectives, features of the structure, participants and partners, and the formation of competence areas. The article emphasises that over the years of its existence, the Association has become an important and effective platform for interaction among business structures, industry associations, banking and financial institutions, entrepreneurs, the expert and scientific community as well as the media of the Commonwealth countries. Considering the Association’s key areas and forms of activity the author highlights the annual International Economic Forums involving business leaders of the Commonwealth member states, which contribute to the strengthening and development of multilateral economic relations in the post-Soviet space. The article examines in great detail the work of each Forum, its participants (both individuals and legal entities), the topics of discussions and speeches of individual speakers from various Commonwealth countries, which, in the author’s opinion, are of crucial importance for the activities of the Association called Business Centre for Economic Development of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the entire Commonwealth, as well as for the development of Eurasian integration. In addition, the article focuses on the final documents of the Forums: the author studies their main provisions with the set up in them goals, tasks, proposals and priorities.

scholarly journals The Effects of Mass-Media on Social Behavior, Emotions and Cognitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Antonio Sandu ◽  
◽  
Polixenia Nistor ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
Cognitive Dimension ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media

Mass media affects its consumers primarily in their cognitive dimension, by changing the image of the world - in this sense that the media becomes a vector of social influence, by changing the cognitions of individuals - but also by changing the shared social constructs within membership groups. The stated role of the media is to inform target audiences about events of interest in the field-specific to the activity of the media trust, but also to convey opinions, ideas, and views on those events in a way that is as complete and as complex as possible, allowing recipients to build their own opinions or adhere to one or another of the opinions expressed. This article deals with the ethics of mass communication when faced with a window of opportunity which allows an easier promotion of ideas or interests, taking into account the theory of life as a spectacle promoted by Erwin Goffman.

History of Turkey's Economic Crises

2017 ◽  
pp. 318-332
Author(s):  
Hakan Ay ◽  
Öznur Uçar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Advanced Economy ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Turkish Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Economic

Examine the history of Turkey's economic crisis based economy will give clues for a much better economy. For 92 years, history of Turkey Republic has experienced the development stages of democracy and economy. Turkey has completed the journey of economic development as the most advanced economy in the world, although began as an undeveloped country. Turkey has been affected from the global and regional crises and overcame the nine economic crises. The implemented economic crisis policies showed parallelism with the trend of the world economic thoughts and has been shaped around Keynes and Friedman applications. All these details have been described in our study chronologically. With our study, we were trying to portray the Turkish economy's yesterday and today. Thus, we believe that our study will create data for predicting the future of the Turkish economy and the future of the world of economy.

Media Anthropology

Anthropology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pardo ◽  
Elizabeth ErkenBrack ◽  
John L. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Thick Description ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Media Anthropology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Object Of Study

Although anthropologists have long addressed topics related to media and communications technologies, some have argued that a truly institutionalized commitment to the anthropology of media has only developed within the past twenty years. This might be due, at least in part, to a traditional disciplinary emphasis on “primitive” communities lacking the ostensible features of modernity, including electronic forms of mass mediation. Thick description, a central aim of ethnography as touted by Clifford Geertz, was historically geared toward small-scale societies and precluded the study of contemporary forms of mass media in modern life. However, anthropologists have begun to develop productive ways of including mass mediation into their ethnographic accounts. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly difficult to talk about cultural practices at all without some nod to the ubiquity of global media. From an anthropological perspective, it is important to consider varying cultural contexts of mass-media production, consumption, and interpretation. And this begs a question that several anthropologists have begun to answer. What is the most appropriate way to study “the media” as a cultural phenomenon? Content analyses of media texts? The measuring and identifying of media’s social effects and influence? Ethnographic studies of “reception” and “production”? Or something else entirely? Anthropologists engage in all of these and more. Additionally, new questions are emerging about how anthropology might best address digital media and online communities. There are multiple ways in which anthropologists have engaged with “the media” both as a tool of representation and an object of study. To outline some of those ways, it makes sense to provide a history of developments in the field, summarizing several thematic topics that have recently been of central focus to anthropologists of media, including religion, globalization, and nationalism. It also makes sense to think about approaches to studying mass media that other disciplines deploy—disciplines that are in conversation with anthropologists on this subject, including and especially media studies, communications studies, and cultural studies. The categorical divisions here attempt to reflect anthropology’s historical commitments to various analytical, thematic, and medium-based modes of inquiry.

Mediadiscourse and Communication in Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Е. Гнездилова ◽  
E. Gnezdilova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Tools And Techniques

The article discusses the media discourse, analyzes its role in shaping the picture of the world of modern person: the typological features of the media text, the means and techniques of speech impact on the audience are highlighted. In the study of media texts, the author used the method of discursive analysis. As a result of an experimental study, linguistic techniques and means were revealed by which mass media influence the formation of public opinion, control communication in society. After analyzing publications in Russian media, the author comes to the conclusion that many of the linguistic techniques used in socio-political discourse today are mostly manipulative in nature, and are a powerful tool in the information confrontation. The identification of these tools and techniques, their systematization allows us to understand the specifics of the formation of the picture of the world of modern person, especially communication in society.

scholarly journals Reporting of screening and diagnostic AI rarely acknowledges ethical, legal, and social implications: a mass media frame analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Kellie Frost ◽  
Stacy M Carter
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Do So

Abstract Introduction. Healthcare is a rapidly expanding area of application for Artificial Intelligence (AI). Although there is considerable excitement about its potential, there are also substantial concerns about the negative impacts of these technologies. Since screening and diagnostic AI tools now have the potential to fundamentally change the healthcare landscape, it is important to understand how these tools are being represented to the public via the media.Methods. Using a framing theory approach, we analysed how screening and diagnostic AI was represented in the media and the frequency with which media articles addressed the benefits and the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSIs) of screening and diagnostic AI.Results. All the media articles coded (n=136) fit into at least one of three frames: social progress (n=131), economic development (n=59), and alternative perspectives (n=9). Most of the articles were positively framed, with 135 of the articles discussing benefits of screening and diagnostic AI, and only 9 articles discussing the ethical, legal, and social implications.Conclusions. We found that media reporting of screening and diagnostic AI predominantly framed the technology as a source of social progress and economic development. Screening and diagnostic AI may be represented more positively in the mass media than AI in general. This represents an opportunity for health journalists to provide publics with deeper analysis of the ethical, legal, and social implications of screening and diagnostic AI, and to do so now before these technologies become firmly embedded in everyday healthcare delivery.

scholarly journals The professionalization of Brazilian nursing in the written media of the end of the nineteenth century: a gender analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1265-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Braga do Espírito Santo ◽  
Taka Oguisso ◽  
Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship

The object is the relationship between the professionalization of Brazilian nursing and women, in the broadcasting of news about the creation of the Professional School of Nurses, in the light of gender. Aims: to discuss the linkage of women to the beginning of the professionalization of Brazilian nursing following the circumstances and evidence of the creation of the Professional School of Nurses analyzed from the perspective of gender. The news articles were analyzed from the viewpoint of Cultural History, founded in the gender concept of Joan Scott and in the History of Women. The creation of the School and the priority given in the media to women consolidate the vocational ideal of the woman for nursing in a profession subjugated to the physician but also representing the conquest of a space in the world of education and work, reconfiguring the social position of nursing and of woman in Brazil.

scholarly journals A Fragment from Chronicle of George Synkellos in Slavonic Translation

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Totomanova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Editorial Work ◽  
Draft Version ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Eastern Traditions ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Made In

The only fragment from the Chronicle of George Synkellos in Slavic translation is found in a chronographic compilation known in five Russian witnesses of the 15th – 16th cc. A large and coherent excerpt from the Chronography of Julius Africanus that survived in about 100 fragments scattered in Latin, Greek and Eastern traditions became a basis of the compilation. Africanus’ excerpt reveals the Christian history of the world from the Creation to the Resurrection of Christ and occupies about two thirds of the whole text. It is complemented by the end of Synkellos’ Chronicle that stops with Diocletian’s reign and by the beginning of the Chronicle of his follower Theophanes the Confessor, which brings the narrative to the foundation of Constantinople. The missionary pathos of the compilation leaves no doubt and makes us think that it occurred on Byzantine soil in the first half of the 9th c. after the end of the iconoclasm. The Linguistic features of the Slavonic text prove that the translation was made in Bulgaria in the early 10th century during the reign of Simeon the Great (893–927). The paper explores the traces of the editorial work of the compilers, who were supposed to bring into line the two historical narratives that disagree in their historical and chronological concepts and refer to different sources. The problem deserves attention given the fact that in the beginning of the last century V. Istrin erroneously identified the compilation as an abridged and even draft version of the Chronicle of Synkellos.

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