scholarly journals Determination and Evaluation of the Cooling Load of a Building Made by Different Local Material of Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
AMADOU OUMAROU Fati ◽  
Ramchandra BHANDARI ◽  
MAMADOU Lewamy ◽  
KY Thierry S.M ◽  
OUEDRAOGO Souleymane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Local Material ◽  
Local Materials

This paper aims to describe a passive approach to reduce the energy demand for an existing building and can be made through an improvement of the design of the thermal envelope. The essential article goal is to simulate thermal construction responses in dependence on changing different materials of the construction of the building and also with less energy usage to design a more effective cooling system. In this approach, we simulate the building with different materials: three local materials (compressed earth, lateritic, and raw material) and one modern (Hollow cement) used in Burkina Faso and an energy analysis of the building has been carried out. The numerical optimization of the building design has been performed dynamically for these four materials using the COMSOL multiphysics simulation tool. The model treated is determining the internal temperature and cooling demand concerning a tertiary building in Burkina Faso like a classroom, which is located in a hot and dry climate to improve the indoor quality of the classroom knowing the importance of the thermal comfort in the room for socio-economic performance efficiency and well-being. The analysis result of these four materials shows that energy can be saved if we use local materials instead of the modern one because around 4KW of energy can be saving with local materials. The use of local materials in the building design can be an option for reducing the heat transfer into the room and at the same time the energy consumption.

scholarly journals The Impact of Local Materials on the Improvement of the Thermal Comfort in Building

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Amadou Oumarou Fati ◽  
Bonkaney Abdou Latif ◽  
Ouedraogo Souleymane ◽  
S. M. Ky. Thierry ◽  
Mamadou Lewamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Materials

The increasing energy demands in the building sector is considered as a main issue and has result both in the energy shortage and also environmental impact such as climate change and global warming. This demand is always increasing due to the high-rise level and also the need of thermal comfort. This paper aims to describe a passive approach to reduce the energy demand for a building through an improvement of the design of the thermal envelope. Within this work, we utilized the thermophysical properties of four building materials: three local materials (compressed earth, lateritic, and raw material) and one modern (Hollow cement) and an energy analysis of the building has been carried out. The numerical optimization of the building design has been performed dynamically by COMSOL Multiphysics software: case study of Ouagadougou and surface is 100m2. Also, the temporal variations in the inside of the room as well as the temperature of the walls and the ceiling with four different materials have been determined. The result shows that, for BLT, the maximum obtained around 22H is 308K, for Adobe it is 309K around 18H30, for BTC it was 309.2K at 20H and finally for cement block it is 310K around 18H. The mean average temperature of the building is low when we use local materials instead of modern one. Then, we conclude that, the use of local materials in the building design is an option for reducing the heat transfer into the room and at the energy consumption.

scholarly journals Getting under the(ir) skin: Applying personas and scenarios with body-environment research for improved understanding of users’ perspective in architectural design

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tenna Doktor Olsen Tvedebrink ◽  
Andrea Jelić
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
One Year ◽  
Psychiatric Department ◽  
User Perspectives

The aim of this paper is to move established positions in architectural design by discussing a more refined user perspective. The motivation is threefold. Firstly, fields like environmental psychology and cognitive science for architecture have in recent years brought novel insights on the embodied nature of human spatial experience, and the extensive effects of the built environment on people’s psychosomatic health and behaviour that are not well-captured by existing building standardization systems. Secondly, while the fast growing trends of user-centred and research-based design in architecture have showed that users’ experience is a valuable source of design knowledge, the methods for incorporating this wealth of new insights in the architectural design process are still underdeveloped. Finally, the example of the newly built psychiatric department in Aabenraa, Denmark, whose interior, despite an international architectural award in 2016, had to be re-designed one year after construction due to poor understanding of the users, indicates existing discrepancies in the current approaches to translating research information in user-centred design. To address these issues, we discuss the experiences from a new masters’ course in ‘Architecture, Health, and Well-being’ and propose that user-centred methods like ‘personas’ and ‘scenarios’ used in IT, marketing, and product development also have a potential to develop more in-depth research-informed user perspectives. As well as, to help students envision and strengthen the architectural quality of the programming and building design throughout the architectural design process, by supporting a ‘design empathic’ understanding and immersion in user perspectives. 

scholarly journals Design Quality in the Context of Healthcare Environments: A Scoping Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Anåker ◽  
Ann Heylighen ◽  
Susanna Nordin ◽  
Marie Elf
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Healthcare Environments ◽  
Healthcare Architecture

Objective: We explored the concept of design quality in relation to healthcare environments. In addition, we present a taxonomy that illustrates the wide range of terms used in connection with design quality in healthcare. Background: High-quality physical environments can promote health and well-being. Developments in healthcare technology and methodology put high demands on the design quality of care environments, coupled with increasing expectations and demands from patients and staff that care environments be person centered, welcoming, and accessible while also supporting privacy and security. In addition, there are demands that decisions about the design of healthcare architecture be based on the best available information from credible research and the evaluation of existing building projects. Method: The basic principles of Arksey and O’Malley’s model of scoping review design were used. Data were derived from literature searches in scientific databases. A total of 18 articles and books were found that referred to design quality in a healthcare context. Results: Design quality of physical healthcare environments involves three different themes: (i) environmental sustainability and ecological values, (ii) social and cultural interactions and values, and (iii) resilience of the engineering and building construction. Design quality was clarified herein with a definition. Conclusions: Awareness of what is considered design quality in relation to healthcare architecture could help to design healthcare environments based on evidence. To operationalize the concept, its definition must be clear and explicit and able to meet the complex needs of the stakeholders in a healthcare context, including patients, staff, and significant others.

scholarly journals Finding Alternative Methods for Controlling the Power Shortage in Kurdistan through Improving Buildings’ Energy Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Kawar T. Salih
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Building Sector

The power shortage is one of the major problems in developing countries. Kurdistan Region of Iraq suffers from this issue, like other developing countries. Especially, after the economy crises that has started in 2014. However, all its efforts for tackling this challenge has been in providing more energy supply stations and more fuel provision. Few studies have been found in the region that seek the relation between the quality of buildings and energy consumption. It is questioned if the building sector in Kurdistan is well managed and environmentally sufficient to consume minimum amount of energy since it is the largest energy consuming sector. This research will seek an alternative to decrease the energy demand in buildings instead of expanding the energy sector. This could be achieved by evaluating the quality of building sector environmentally and improving it. Providing guidelines for building’s thermal regulations, passive building design and increasing the energy efficiency of buildings by renewal means could be alternative strategies for lowering the energy consumption. Theoretical and numerical research approach have been taken in to account for finding the answer through a case study and comparative analysis. A variation of 21-29% of power consumption can be observed between buildings that have not considered energy efficiency criteria in their design and those who reflected them more in the design.

scholarly journals The Role of Local Materials in Creating A Meaningful Visual Experiences in Urban Public Facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 06014
Author(s):  
Triandriani Mustikawati ◽  
Maria M.C Sengke ◽  
Paramita Atmodiwirjo ◽  
Yandi Andri Yatmo
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Local Material ◽  
Different Types ◽  
3D Software ◽  
Local Materials

This paper discusses visibility potential of local material products that are used as part of architectural spaces. Knowing the visibility potential of local materials is essential to create visual clarity that supports the ease of spatial orientation and navigation and provides a meaningful visual experience in urban public facilities. This study aims at finding the property quality of objects from local materials that contribute to the visibility potential. Field studies were conducted to identify different types of products from local materials and their characteristics associated with the quality of space experience. The visibility analysis using 3D software program then was carried out by simulating the placement of objects as elements of space in a particular spatial configuration. The result reveals several patterns of possible placement of objects from local materials that have the best potential to enhance visibility. These patterns can add to the alternative vocabulary in architectural design.

scholarly journals Material efficiency: providing material services with less material production

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (1986) ◽  
pp. 20120496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian M. Allwood ◽  
Michael F. Ashby ◽  
Timothy G. Gutowski ◽  
Ernst Worrell
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Building Design ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Material Production ◽  
Material Efficiency

Material efficiency, as discussed in this Meeting Issue, entails the pursuit of the technical strategies, business models, consumer preferences and policy instruments that would lead to a substantial reduction in the production of high-volume energy-intensive materials required to deliver human well-being. This paper, which introduces a Discussion Meeting Issue on the topic of material efficiency, aims to give an overview of current thinking on the topic, spanning environmental, engineering, economics, sociology and policy issues. The motivations for material efficiency include reducing energy demand, reducing the emissions and other environmental impacts of industry, and increasing national resource security. There are many technical strategies that might bring it about, and these could mainly be implemented today if preferred by customers or producers. However, current economic structures favour the substitution of material for labour, and consumer preferences for material consumption appear to continue even beyond the point at which increased consumption provides any increase in well-being. Therefore, policy will be required to stimulate material efficiency. A theoretically ideal policy measure, such as a carbon price, would internalize the externality of emissions associated with material production, and thus motivate change directly. However, implementation of such a measure has proved elusive, and instead the adjustment of existing government purchasing policies or existing regulations— for instance to do with building design, planning or vehicle standards—is likely to have a more immediate effect.

scholarly journals Analysis of the scope of thermo-modernization for a residential building in order to transform it into a low-energy building

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Knapik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Modernization Process

The article presents the problem of thermo-modernization and the reduction of energy demand for heating purposes in existing residential buildings. The thermo-modernization process has to adapt the existing building to the standard of a building with low energy demand and applicable regulations. Low-energy constructions are a result of introduction of new solutions in building design process. Their main objective is to achieve a significant reduction in demand for renewable primary energy, necessary to cover the needs of these buildings, mostly related to their heating, ventilation and domestic hot water. The article presents the results of the analysis and calculation of selected thermo-modernization variants. The results showed that thermo-modernization process of existing residential buildings is justified both energetically and economically.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Practicality of Tools to Estimate the Whole Life Embodied Carbon of Building Structures via Machine Learning Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Pomponi ◽  
Maria Luque Anguita ◽  
Michal Lange ◽  
Bernardino D’Amico ◽  
Emma Hart
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Embodied Carbon

The construction and operation of buildings account for significant environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy demand, resource consumption and waste generation. While the operation of buildings is fairly well regulated and globally considered in the pathways to net-zero mid-century targets, a different picture emerges when looking at the other life cycle stages, which incur the so-called embodied impacts. These cover raw material extraction and product manufacturing through to construction and end of life activities. Only a handful of examples exist where such embodied carbon (EC) emissions are enshrined in law with most of the ongoing debate still around estimating and understanding where such emissions occur and how to mitigate them. Building structures account for a significant share of a building’s embodied emissions and they also are the building element with the longest service life, thus presenting potential lock-in challenges for choices made today. To support the ongoing global effort to mitigate embodied carbon and equip engineers and designers worldwide with easy-to-use and robust calculation tools, we describe a real-time decision-support tool to aid building design that leverages machine learning (ML) methods from computer science to speed-up the computationally expensive process of finite element analysis (FEA) traditionally exploited in structural engineering. We demonstrate that replacing FEA calculations with a model learnt using ML from a large dataset offers real time decision support while guaranteeing the same level of confidence and accuracy that a traditional FEA-based method would offer at the design stage. The tool has been developed both as a standalone version and as a plugin for Trimble SketchUp to maximise its usability and diffusion. It offers results correlated with uncertainty analysis in the form of probability density functions to account for the inherent variability of input data that characterises early stages in the design process. This research contributes to the ongoing global efforts to decarbonising the built environment and offers an immediately implementable method and tool for doing so.

scholarly journals Utilisation and Quality Management of Power Plant Fly Ash

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
Mária Ambrus ◽  
Roland Szabó ◽  
Gábor Mucsi
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Inorganic Polymers ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Cement And Concrete

Over the past decades, both the residential and industrial energy demand has increased due to the continuously growing consumption and production. As a large share of the electricity is still produced using fossil fuels, the utilisation of the by-products is a contemporary and pervasive issue. Fly ash is generated in large quantities in coal-fired power plants and has been proven to be an appropriate raw material for various industrial uses. Among others, it is applicable as an additive and lightweight aggregate in the cement and concrete industry, can be used for CO2 sequestration, glass foam production, catalyst production, or as a base material for geopolymers, as well. Geopolymers are inorganic polymers produced via the reaction between solid alumina and silica containing or alkali silicate materials in alkali media. Due to their numerous advantageous properties and wide variety of utilisation possibilities, research on fly ash base geopolymers became widespread topic. The quality of fly ash is determined by technical requirements, and the degree of quality control requirements depends on the final use. In certain fields of applications, standards and regulations have already been created to ensure the consistent quality of the final products made from fly ash, e.g. in the cement and concrete industry. There are various methods for fly ash processing, however, the methods to achieve the necessary properties are not standardised.

scholarly journals Is the NZEB Benchmarking Approach Suitable for Assessing Energy Retrofit Design?

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 402-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Beccali ◽  
Alessandra Galatioto ◽  
Giuliana Leone ◽  
Sonia Longo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Weighting Factor ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Net Zero Energy Building ◽  
Net Zero

Currently, many effort have been done to enable energy saving issues in building design and many definitions have been introduced for most performing constructions based on energy balance between energy demand and supply. Recently, the Net Zero Energy Building theory has bypassed old Passive House concept but many questions still remain open. Present work aims to estimate how NZEB requirements matching could be affected by the choice of their definition and the choice of weighting factor system, to be count in the energy balance. NZEB concept is mainly referred to new buildings design. Its application to existing buildings is for sure an hard task provided the architecture and physical constraints are often problematic. Nevertheless, the benchmarking approach able to assess the building performance according to the NZEB objective can be utilized for other two purposes. The first one is to assess how an existing building is far from the performances of a NZEB. The second one is to assess the contribution of a conventional retrofit in improving its energy balance.

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