scholarly journals Do Landscape Elements Interfere in Hovenia Dulcis Thunb. Invasions in Subtropical Forest Fragments?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marciana Brandalise ◽  
Silvia Vendruscolo Milesi ◽  
Tanise Luisa Sausen ◽  
Vanderlei Secretti Decian
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Invasion Process ◽  
Landscape Elements ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Agricultural Matrix ◽  
Hovenia Dulcis ◽  
Shape And Size

Abstract Changes in characteristics of landscape adjacent to forest fragments due to anthropic actions result in increased invasion of non-native species and biodiversity loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the invasion process of Hovenia dulcis (Thunb.) in forest fragments with different size and shape in order to relate the behavior of the invasion with landscape metrics. As a result, shape and size of the forest fragments do not influence the abundance of H. dulcis. However, a greater number of H. dulcis individuals are concentrated in the edge areas. The canopy, declivity and land use were not associated with the abundance of H. dulcis. The high abundance at the edge of forest fragments highlights the dynamics of the landscape in the study area that are marked by the agricultural matrix. The invasion process occurs regardless of the size and shape of the forest fragments.

Invasion of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Rhamnaceae) in Southern Brazilian subtropical forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionatan Gerber ◽  
Paula Helena Pereira O'Connor ◽  
Hiuller Vasconcellos Mendonça ◽  
Gilmar Poser Brizola ◽  
Álvaro Rodrigo Freddo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Passive Restoration ◽  
Invasive Capacity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hovenia Dulcis ◽  
High Diversity

This study aimed to evaluate the level of Hovenia dulcis (oriental-raisin-tree) invasion in an area under ecological restoration (area 1) and in a fragment area of araucaria forest with semi-deciduous seasonal forest (area 2), both located in the municipality of Dois Vizinhos, Paraná. In 1, the techniques of passive restoration, nucleation and plantation of high diversity of tree species were analyzed. In 2, there was a survey of young and adult individuals. In 1, 12 plots of 2,160 m² were sampled (25,920 m² sampled). In 2, 30 plots with an area of 30 m² each were sampled (900 m² sampled). In 1, the greatest proliferation of the species, with density of 334.5 plants.ha-1, was observed in a period of 17 months. In 2, the invasive potential of H. dulcis was high, with a mean of 911 young plants.ha-1 and 111 adult plants.ha-1. Higher invasive capacity occurred in areas of initial and secondary stages of secondary succession. Sites that present hydromorphic soils and especially those where there are pteridophyte, bromeliaceae and bambusoid groups, practically prevent the development of young individuals of H. dulcis. The species presents great invading potential in areas under ecological restoration and in forest fragments, thus, attention in the monitoring and control of the species is recommended.

scholarly journals Ticks infesting birds in Atlantic Forest fragments in Rio Claro, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Seron Sanches ◽  
Thiago Fernandes Martins ◽  
Ileyne Tenório Lopes ◽  
Luís Flávio da Silva Costa ◽  
Pablo Henrique Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Eucalyptus Tereticornis ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Host Records

In the present study, we report tick infestations on wild birds in plots of the Atlantic Forest reforested fragments with native species and plots reforested with Eucalyptus tereticornis in the municipality of Rio Claro, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A total of 256 birds were captured: 137 individuals of 33 species, in planted native forest; and 128 individuals of 37 species, in planted Eucalyptus tereticornis forest. Nymphs of two tick species were found on the birds: Amblyomma calcaratumand Amblyomma longirostre, the former was more abundant in the fragments reforested with Atlantic forest native species, and the latter in the fragment reforested with E. tereticornis. New host records were presented for A. calcaratum.

scholarly journals Do Habitats Show a Different Invasibility Pattern by Alien Plant Species? A Test on a Wetland Protected Area

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Liccari ◽  
Miris Castello ◽  
Livio Poldini ◽  
Alfredo Altobelli ◽  
Enrico Tordoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Environmental Characteristic ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Ne Italy ◽  
Alien Flora

Biological invasions are deemed to be the second most important global driver of biodiversity loss, right behind habitat destruction and fragmentation. In this study, we aimed at testing if community invasibility, defined as the vulnerability to invasion of a community, could be associated with the characteristics of a given habitat, as described by the composition and structure of its native species. Based on a probabilistic sampling of the alien flora occurring in the temperate wetland Lake Doberdò (Friuli Venezia Giulia region, NE Italy) and using a null-model-based approach, the observed occurrence of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) within sampling units was randomized within habitats. While testing the degree of invasibility for each habitat within the wetland, our null hypothesis postulated that habitats are equally invaded by IAS, as IAS can spread homogeneously in the environment thanks to their plasticity in functional traits that makes them able to cope with different ecological conditions. The obtained results comparing observed IAS frequencies, abundance and richness to those obtained by the null model randomizations show that, for all habitats, invasion was selective. Specifically, a marked preference for habitats with an intermediate disturbance level, a high nutrients level and a medium-high light availability was observed, while an avoidance was detected for habitats characterized by lower levels of nutrients and light availability or extreme conditions caused by prolonged submersion. This method allows us to provide useful information using a simple-to-run simulation for the management of the IAS threat within protected areas. Moreover, the method allows us to infer important ecological characteristics leading to habitat invasion without sampling the environmental characteristic of the habitats, which is an expensive operation in terms of time and money.

Diverging shifts in spring phenology in response to biodiversity loss in a subtropical forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1175-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Du ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Si‐Chong Chen ◽  
Keping Ma
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Spring Phenology

Cooling Rates of Brake Drums and Discs

1965 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.P. Newcomb ◽  
N. Millner
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Uniform Temperature ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Slip Ring ◽  
Disc Brakes ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Time Plot

An investigation has been made of the rates of cooling of vehicle brake drums and discs. Thermocouples were inserted in the drums and discs and in the wheel hubs and their outputs fed via slip ring units to meters mounted inside the vehicle. The drums or discs were heated to a uniform temperature of 300°-400°C by drag braking and the rate at which they cooled measured while the vehicle was driven at constant speed. Measurements were made at various speeds in the range 0 to 90 mile/h. From the log (temperature) against time plot a cooling coefficient bv was determined. It is shown that at a vehicle speed v the quantity bv can be expressed in the form bv = b0 +Kv0·8 where b0 represents the loss of heat to the hub and K is a constant depending on the size and shape of the drum or disc. Values of these constants have been determined on a variety of cars having discs and drums varying from 7 in to 11 in diameter and on a lorry fitted with 16·75 in diameter drums. Cooling rates are shown to depend on shape and size of the disc or drum. Results show that the cooling rates of front brakes are about 20 per cent higher than the rear brakes and that front discs cool about 25 per cent more quickly than the corresponding drum size recommended for the same vehicle. The cooling rate of front discs did not change when wire wheels were fitted instead of solid wheels. Ventilated discs and solid discs were also compared. The effect of fitting dust shields on disc brakes is shown to reduce the cooling rates by about 30 per cent. The effect of otherwise disturbing the air flow was studied.

Synthesis and characterization of size- and shape-controlled silver nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suparna Mukherji ◽  
Sharda Bharti ◽  
Gauri Shukla ◽  
Soumyo Mukherji
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Shape Controlled ◽  
Synthesis Routes ◽  
Shape And Size

Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have application potential in diverse areas ranging from wound healing to catalysis and sensing. The possibility for optimizing the physical, chemical and optical properties for an application by tailoring the shape and size of silver nanoparticles has motived much research on methods for synthesis of size- and shape-controlled AgNPs. The shape and size of AgNPs are reported to vary depending on choice of the Ag precursor salt, reducing agent, stabilizing agent and on the synthesis technique used. This chapter provides a detailed review on various synthesis approaches that may be used for synthesis of AgNPs of desired size and shape. Silver nanoparticles may be synthesized using diverse routes, including, physical, chemical, photochemical, biological and microwave -based techniques. Synthesis of AgNPs of diverse shapes, such as, nanospheres, nanorods, nanobars, nanoprisms, decahedral nanoparticles and triangular bipyramids is also discussed for chemical-, photochemical- and microwave-based synthesis routes. The choice of chemicals used for reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles is found to influence their shape and size significantly. A discussion on the mechanism of synthesis of AgNPs through nucleation and growth processes is discussed for AgNPs of varying shape and sizes so as to provide an insight on the various synthesis routes. Techniques, such as, electron microscopy, spectroscopy, and crystallography that can be used for characterizing the AgNPs formed in terms of their shape, sizes, crystal structure and chemical composition are also discussed in this chapter. Graphical Abstract:

Post-fire invasion in Torres del Paine Biosphere Reserve: the role of seed tolerance to heat

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Susana Paula ◽  
Daniela L. Labbé
Keyword(s):  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Exotic Plant Invasion ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Torres Del Paine

Biological invasions are one of the major causes of biodiversity loss. Anthropogenic alteration in fire regimes has promoted plant invasion in several regions and ecosystems worldwide, especially in those where fires are historically rare. This is the case of the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Torres del Paine National Park (TPNP), located in southern South America. In this study, we hypothesised that the seeds of native species of the TPNP do not resist fire-related high soil temperatures as do exotic plants, which could facilitate the spread of exotic plant invasion in post-fire environments. To test this hypothesis, we exposed seeds of plant species collected from the TPNP to different heat doses (60°C, 5min; 90°C, 5min; 90°C, 10min; 120°C, 5min) and compared their final germination and viability with those of unheated seeds. The study was conducted on five native species and three aliens inhabiting the TPNP. Almost all the seeds of native species died after exposure to temperatures higher than 60°C, whereas seeds of the alien species resisted higher heat doses. The on-site resistance of the aliens (through fire-tolerant soil seed banks) and the fire sensitivity of native seeds contribute to our understanding on post-fire invasion in the TPNP.

scholarly journals Assessing current and projected suitable habitats for tree-of-heaven along the Appalachian Trail

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1643) ◽  
pp. 20130192 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Clark ◽  
Yeqiao Wang ◽  
Peter V. August
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Appalachian Trail ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Tree Of Heaven ◽  
Suitable Area

The invasion of ecosystems by non-native species is a major driver of biodiversity loss worldwide. A critical component of effective land management to control invasion is the identification and active protection of areas at high risk of future invasion. The Appalachian Trail Decision Support System (A.T.-DSS) was developed to inform regional natural resource management by integrating remote sensing data, ground-based measurements and predictive modelling products. By incorporating NASA's remote sensing data and modelling capacities from the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS), this study examined the current habitat suitability and projected suitable habitat for the invasive species tree-of-heaven ( Ailanthus altissima ) as a prototype application of the A.T.-DSS. Species observations from forest surveys, geospatial data, climatic projections and maximum entropy modelling were used to identify regions potentially susceptible to tree-of-heaven invasion. The modelling result predicted a 48% increase in suitable area over the study area, with significant expansion along the northern extremes of the Appalachian Trail.

scholarly journals Somewhat saved: a captive breeding programme for two endemic Christmas Island lizard species, now extinct in the wild

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Andrew ◽  
Hal Cogger ◽  
Don Driscoll ◽  
Samantha Flakus ◽  
Peter Harlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
Captive Breeding Programme ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractAs with many islands, Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean has suffered severe biodiversity loss. Its terrestrial lizard fauna comprised five native species, of which four were endemic. These were abundant until at least the late 1970s, but four species declined rapidly thereafter and were last reported in the wild between 2009 and 2013. In response to the decline, a captive breeding programme was established in August 2009. This attempt came too late for the Christmas Island forest skink Emoia nativitatis, whose last known individual died in captivity in 2014, and for the non-endemic coastal skink Emoia atrocostata. However, two captive populations are now established for Lister's gecko Lepidodactylus listeri and the blue-tailed skink Cryptoblepharus egeriae. The conservation future for these two species is challenging: reintroduction will not be possible until the main threats are identified and controlled.

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