scholarly journals THE ANALYSIS OF COPRA FARMING REVENUE AND FACTORS INFLUENCING IT IN PALAM VILLAGE SUBDISTRICT OF NORTH TINANGKUNG, DISTRICT OF BANGGAI KEPULAUAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ikhsan Diman ◽  
Rustam Abd Rauf ◽  
Yulianti Kalaba
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Level ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Time Production ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Coconut is one of the export commodities of sub sector farm which is best commodity of Central Sulawesi Province. This research aims to: (1) analize the income of copra  farm in Palam Village of North Tinangkung District of Banggai Kepulauan Regency and (2) Analyze the factoedrs affect copra  farm in Palam Villageof North Tinangkung District of Banggai Kepulauan Regency. The method usedwas survey and sample was selected using simple random. The number of the sample was 40 households. The research results indicate that.: (1) avarege of totalcost of copra farm was Rp 14.648.819.85/  10.003/coconut/1 time production. The aferage of acceptance of copra farm was Rp 20.502.768.75/1 time production with the average of sell price Rp 9.093.75/kg, so, the average income of copra farm was Rp 5.853.948.90/10.003 coconut/1 time production and (2) F counted = 32.163 with probability  ρ =0.000 < 0.05 at   α =5% proving that Null Hypothesis is rejected which means independent variable of self price (X1), production cost (X2) and copra production (X3) simultaneusly  affect  copra farm income in Palam Village of Nort Tinangkung District of Banggai Kepulauan Regency determinant (R2) adjusted was 0.728 showing that income variation on copra farm (Y) can be explained by independent variable of sell price (X1), production cost (X2), and copra production (X3) was 72.8%, whereas 27.2% explained by other factor excluded of the model. Partially the price sell and copra production positively affect and significant on copra farm income while production cost negatifely affect on confidence level of 95%.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI DAN BIAYA POKOK PRODUKSI PADI RAWA LEBAK DI DESA SERIJABO KECAMATAN SUNGAI PINANG KABUPATEN OGAN ILIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Aminah Candra Kasih ◽  
Wan Abbas Zakaria ◽  
Maya Riantini
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Level ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Main Production

This research aims at determining the farm income and main production cost of rice on lowland swamp in Serijabo Village Sungai Pinang Sub-District. This field research was conducted in February-March 2019. The location was one of central productions in Sungai Pinang Sub-District. The sample size was 51 rice farmers who were selected using simple random sampling method. The data were analyzed by using farm income and main production cost analysis with 95 percent of confidence level. The study showed that the biggest average production of rice was 4,446.35 kg per ha per year with the average of farm income of IDR3,655,271.77. The main production cost of rice per kilogram was IDR825,70 over cash costs and IDR3,682.70 per kg over total costs with 95 percent of confidence level between IDR2,.987.13 per kg and IDR4,335.80 per kg of rice.Key words: farming, income, lowland, production cost, rice

Hypothesis testing with error correction models

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Kraft ◽  
Ellen M. Key ◽  
Matthew J. Lebo
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Right ◽  
General Error

Abstract Grant and Lebo (2016) and Keele et al. (2016) clarify the conditions under which the popular general error correction model (GECM) can be used and interpreted easily: In a bivariate GECM the data must be integrated in order to rely on the error correction coefficient, $\alpha _1^\ast$ , to test cointegration and measure the rate of error correction between a single exogenous x and a dependent variable, y. Here we demonstrate that even if the data are all integrated, the test on $\alpha _1^\ast$ is misunderstood when there is more than a single independent variable. The null hypothesis is that there is no cointegration between y and any x but the correct alternative hypothesis is that y is cointegrated with at least one—but not necessarily more than one—of the x's. A significant $\alpha _1^\ast$ can occur when some I(1) regressors are not cointegrated and the equation is not balanced. Thus, the correct limiting distributions of the right-hand-side long-run coefficients may be unknown. We use simulations to demonstrate the problem and then discuss implications for applied examples.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Agricultural Extension Contact On Crop Income In Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Zafar Mahmudul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Crop Income ◽  
The Impact

The impact of extension contact on crop income is examined with a view to evaluating the agricultural extension in Bangladesh. The scope of the study was ten villages of Gazipur district. The objectives of the study are to i) determine the factors influencing the benefit of extension services in terms of farm income, ii) determine the factors affecting the extension contact of farmers, and iii) suggest some policy guidelines to improve the extension services in Bangladesh. The sample of the study consists of 1000 farmers. Data came from field survey and multistage random sampling technique was used in order to collect data. The results indicated that the impact of extension contact coefficient on crop income is positive and significant. Evidence shows that the influence of extension contact coefficient is strongly positive and significant in the comparatively nearer villages to upazila headquarters, while this effect is weaker for those villages, which are comparatively away from upazila headquarters. It is found that many farmers did not receive extension contact and the effect of extension contact is weak on crop income compared to other factors such as irrigation and chemical fertilizer. It is assumed that there was enough scope to increase extension contact in the study areas. Some determinants of extension contact were also examined. The study concludes that agricultural extension is necessary to increase among the farmers. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 321-334, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15893

scholarly journals USING SUBSTUTION DRILL TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ PRONUNCIATION ABILITY

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Maharida Maharida
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Good Classification ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Back Vowel ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Teaching Pronunciation

This research aimed to find out the improvement of the students’ pronunciation ability by using Substitution Drill that focused on English Consonants which consisted of dental and palato alveolar consonants and English Vowel which consisted mid-front,mid-central and mid-back vowel. The researcher applied Pre-Experimental method with one group pretest-posttest design and collected the data by giving pre-test and post-test. The sample of the research was class X IPA of SMA Negeri 1 Galesong Selatan which consisted of 33 students. The sample was taken by using the purposive technique. The research variables were teaching pronunciation by using Substitution Drill as an independent variable and dependent variable were English Consonants and English Vowel. The result of the research showed that the tenth-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Galesong Selatan had fair score in the pre-test. After treatment, their pronunciation ability significant improved. The result of the research was the mean score obtained by the students through pre-test was 5.77 which was classified as fair classification and the mean score of the students on the post-test was 7.32 which was classified as good classification and the value of t-test was greater than t-table (16.48 > 2.037). It indicated that the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. It was concluded that the use of Substitution Drill was effective to improve the students’ pronunciation ability.Keywords: improvement, pronunciation, substitution drill, dental, palato alveolar

scholarly journals THE COMPARISON OF CHICKEN FARMING BUSINESS ON VARIOUS PATTERNS IN NORTH BENGKULU REGENCY

Agric ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-135
Author(s):  
Harianto Harianto ◽  
Nyayu Neti Arianti ◽  
Putri Suci Asriani
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Level ◽  
T Test ◽  
Foreign Company ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Foreign Partner ◽  
Business Efficiency ◽  
National Partnership ◽  
Poultry Farming

This study aims to calculate and compare the income and the level of efficiency of poultry farming with various business patterns, namely "Mandiri" or independent, partnering with national company and partnering with foreign company. Respondents were taken in a census method, consist of 11 independent farmers, 21 farmers who partnered with national company and 10 farmers who partnered with foreign company. Income is calculated by subtracting revenue and costs. Business efficiency is determined by the R/C Ratio. Meanwhile, the comparison of incomes were analyzed by the t-test. The results showed that the average income of independent livestock business is IDR 5.536,95/head, the national partnership is IDR 2.523,20/head, and those with foreign partner is IDR 3.162,74/head. While The efficiency level of independent pattern is 1,15, 1,09 for national partnership pattern and 1,10 for foreign partnership. The results of the t-test at the 95% confidence level indicate that the income of independent livestock is higher than those in nationally and foreign-partnered farms. While the nationally-partnered business is not higher than the foreign-partnered.  

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK, HARGA, PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN AIR MINUM DALAM KEMASAN (AMDK) MEREK AICOS PRODUKSI PT. BUMI SARIMAS INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fetrizen ◽  
Nazaruddin Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Price Promotion ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Loyal Customers

Basically the decision to buy bottled water by consumers is influenced by many factors such as the quality of a product, brand, taste, lifestyle and the range of promotion made by the company. Driven by the needs that exist within a person and the desire that the needs in a person are affected if the consumer shows a sense of fun that ultimately leads to loyalty. Loyal customers are more valuable than customers who are just satisfied. For loyal customers will always use the product of all time and is a source of revenue and Aicos company in this case have been concerned about factors that can affect consumers in buying decisions. In this research, the research describes several variables that influence consumer purchase decision that is product quality, price, promotion. The quality of the product, the price, the promotion is called the independent variable and the purchase decision is called the dependent variable. Through the research results obtained by researchers, the researchers drew the conclusion that the variables free of price and promotion have a significant effect on purchasing decision because the value of sig &lt;0,05. While for the independent variable of product quality has no significant effect with purchase decision because sig value&gt; 0,05. This is because the consumers who have been interviewed stated that the drinking water products in their quality packaging are almost the same.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL LOAN DECISION MAKING PROCESS FOR RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) FARMERS IN ABUJA, NIGERIA. APPLICATIONS OF HECKMAN TWO-STAGE MODEL AND FACTOR ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi ◽  
Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele ◽  
Mohammed Bello Usman
Keyword(s):  
Rice Production ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This study focuses on determinants of the agricultural loan decision-making process of rice (Oryza sativa) farmers in Abuja, Nigeria, using the Heckman two-stage model and factor analysis. This study was designed specifically to achieve the following objectives: determine the socio-economic profiles or characteristics of rice farmers, analyze the costs and returns of rice production, evaluate factors influencing rice farmers’ decision to obtain an agricultural loan, evaluate socio-economic factors influencing the amount of the agricultural loan, and determine the constraints or problems facing rice farmers. A multi-stage sampling design was employed. A total sample of one hundred (100) rice farmers was included, and primary data were utilized. Data were obtained through the use of a well-structured and well-designed questionnaire. Statistical and econometric tools used in analyzing data included descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, financial analysis, the Heckman two-stage model, and principal component analysis. The results show that 63% of rice farmers were between the age of 31–50 years. The mean age was 41.90 years. About 65% of rice farmers were male, and 54% of them were married. Also, 93% of rice farmers had formal education and were literate. The household sizes were large, with an average of six persons per household. An average of 71,550 nairas was the loan amount granted to rice farmers by financial institutions. The average farm size amounted to 1.49 hectares. Factors influencing the decision of rice farmers to obtain agricultural loan included age (P < 0.01), marital status (P < 0.05), household size (P < 0.10), educational level (P < 0.05), farm size (P < 0.05), farm and non-farm income (P < 0.10), farm experience (P < 0.05), collateral property (P < 0.05), extension services (P < 0.10), and awareness of loan or credit facilities (P < 0.05). Rice production was profitable with a net farm income of 744,300 nairas. The gross margin ratio of 0.95 means that 95 kobos covered profits, taxes, expenses, interest, and depreciation for every naira invested in rice production activities. Socio-economic factors statistically and significantly influencing the amount of agricultural loan obtained by rice farmers included (P < 0.05) sex (P < 0.01), household size (P < 0.05) and educational level (P < 0.01). The constraints facing rice farmers in obtaining the agricultural loan and production activities included lack of collateral property, lack of fertilizer input, poor-quality feeder roads, lack of credit facilities, inadequate labor input, and complicated and costly administrative procedures to obtain a loan. It is recommended that agricultural loans be made available to rice farmers in sufficient amounts and at low-interest rates. Also, farm inputs, fertilizer inputs, improved seeds, and chemicals should be made available to rice farmers

scholarly journals FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERMINTAAN TANAMAN ANGGREK (Orchidaceae) DI KOTA MEDAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa Rangkuti
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Consumer Tastes ◽  
The City

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prices, consumer tastes, income and location / place to Requests Orchid Plant in the city of Medan, and to know the Demand Elasticity of orchids in the city of Medan. The data collected from the data Primary and Secondary Data. Based on the results of testing statistical analysis obtained by value Multiple R of 86.6%. The value of F table at the level of 0.05 is thus calculated F 2,76 = 18.801&gt; F table = 2.76 at 95% confidence level. Furthermore, in testing T test, to see the effect of demand factors partially on the request of orchids, the value of the T-table 2.045 with a confidence level of 86.6%. X2, X3 and X4 real impact While real variables X1 No Effect on Demand (Y). Analysing the value of Elasticity, Elastic Retrieved much as 3.395&gt; 1. Demand level of sensitivity to the independent variable (tastes, income, and location) of 3.395.

scholarly journals Sun-Dried Bilimbi (Averrhoa Bilimbi L) as an Additional Income For Housewives In Ujong Tanoh Darat Village, Meureubo Sub-District, Aceh Barat Regency, Aceh

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-187
Author(s):  
Rusdi Faizin ◽  
Raidayani Raidayani ◽  
Yoga Nugroho ◽  
Irma Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Additional Amount ◽  
Revenue Production ◽  
Additional Income

This study aims to calculate the additional amount of housewife income in Ujong Tanoh Darat Village, Meureubo District, West Aceh Regency as a producer of sun-dried bilimbi. Respondents in this study were ten producers in Ujong Tanoh Darat Village. Data collection techniques by observing and interviewing in detail related to the analysis of sun-dried bilimbi producer income. The data analysis method uses cost analysis, production revenue, production income, and revenue cost ratio (R / C). From the results of data processing in this study, it found that the average income earned by producers was Rp.300,550 per cycle, the average producer income was Rp. 602,000 per cycle and the average production cost incurred by producers is Rp.301,499 per cycle, and the R per C ratio obtained is 1.9, greater than 1 meaning the sun-dried bilimbi producer business in Ujong Tanoh Darat Village, Meureubo District West Aceh is feasible.

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