scholarly journals Diagnosing arrhythmias while screening schoolchildren

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1 (69)) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Nechytailo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
School Age ◽  
Bundle Branch Block ◽  
Respiratory Arrhythmia ◽  
Automatic Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Manometer

The study involved 420 children of school age. The children underwent screening determination of arterial pressure and heart rate using automatic blood pressure manometer with arrhythmias sensors. The results were specified by means of recording ECG on a portable cardiograph. The most common heart rhythm disturbances in schoolchildren were respiratory arrhythmia and bundle branch block.

Hypotensive and Regional Haemodynamic Effects of Exercise, Fasted and after Food, in Human Sympathetic Denervation

1998 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmini Puvi-Rajasingham ◽  
Gareth D. P. Smith ◽  
Adeola Akinola ◽  
Christopher J. Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Autonomic Failure ◽  
Sympathetic Denervation ◽  
Stroke Distance

1. In human sympathetic denervation due to primary autonomic failure, food and exercise in combination may produce a cumulative blood pressure lowering effect due to simultaneous splanchnic and skeletal muscle dilatation unopposed by corrective cardiovascular reflexes. We studied 12 patients with autonomic failure during and after 9 min of supine exercise, when fasted and after a liquid meal. Standing blood pressure was also measured before and after exercise. 2. When fasted, blood pressure fell during exercise from 162 ± 7/92 ± 4 to 129 ± 9/70 ± 5 mmHg (mean arterial pressure by 22 ± 5%), P < 0.0005. After the meal, blood pressure fell from 159 ± 8/88 ± 6 to 129 ± 6/70 ± 4 mmHg (mean arterial pressure by 22 ± 3%), P < 0.0001, and further during exercise to 123 ± 6/61 ± 3 mmHg (mean arterial pressure by 9 ± 3%), P < 0.01. The stroke distance—heart rate product, an index of cardiac output, did not change after the meal. During exercise, changes in the stroke distance—heart rate product were greater when fasted. 3. Resting forearm and calf vascular resistance were higher when fasted. Calf vascular resistance fell further after exercise when fasted. Resting superior mesenteric artery vascular resistance was lower when fed; 0.19 ± 0.02 compared with 032 ± 0.06, P < 0.05. After exercise, superior mesenteric artery vascular resistance had risen by 82%, to 0.53 ± 0.12, P < 0.05 (fasted) and by 47%, to 0.29 ± 0.05, P < 0.05 (fed). 4. On standing, absolute levels of blood pressure were higher when fasted [83 ± 7/52 ± 7 compared with 71 ± 2/41 ± 3 (fed), each P < 0.05]. Subjects were more symptomatic on standing post-exercise when fed. 5. In human sympathetic denervation, exercise in the fed state lowered blood pressure further than when fasted and worsened symptoms of postural hypotension.

Cardiovascular responses to head-stand posture

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanker Rao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Posterior Tibial Artery ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Posterior Tibial

Reports of cardiovascular responses to head-stand posture are lacking in literature. The results of the various responses, respectively, to the supine, erect, and head-stand posture, are as follows: heart rate/min 67, 84, and 69; brachial arterial pressure mm Hg 92, 90, and 108; posterior tibial arterial pressure mm Hg 98, 196, and 10; finger blood flow ml/100 ml min 4.5, 4.4, and 5.2; toe blood flow ml/100 ml min 7.1, 8.1, and 3.4; forehead skin temperature C 34.4, 34.0 and 34.3; dorsum foot skin temperature C 28.6, 28.2, and 28.2. It is inferred that the high-pressure-capacity vessels between the heart level and posterior tibial artery have little nervous control. The high-pressure baroreceptors take active part in postural adjustments of circulation. The blood pressure equating mechanism is not as efficient when vital tissues are pooled with blood as when blood supply to them is reduced. man; heart rate; blood flow; skin temperature Submitted on January 3, 1963

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ORAL MOXONIDINE IN THE ATTENUATION OF THE HAEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES SEEN DURING LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Sidharth Sraban Routray ◽  
Ramakanta Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Hemodynamic Stability ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Double Blinded

ABSTRACTObjective: During laparoscopic surgeries, pneumoperitoneum can lead to various pathophysiologic changes in the cardiovascular system resulting inhypertension and tachycardia. Search for ideal drug to prevent this hemodynamic response goes on. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect oforally administered moxonidine in attenuating the hemodynamic responses that occur during the laparoscopic surgeries.Methods: A total of 50 adult acetylsalicylic acid I and II patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgeries were selected for this prospectiverandomized double-blinded study. They were randomly allocated into two groups: moxonidine group (M) and placebo group (P). M group receivedoral moxonidine 0.3 mg at 8 pm on the day before surgery and at 8 am on the day of surgery. P group received a placebo at the same timing as that ofthe M group.Results: Following pneumoperitoneum rise in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR)was higher in P group in comparison to M group which was statistically significant.Conclusion: Significant rise in HR, SBP, DBP, and mean BP was noted in the P group in comparison to moxonidine group. Moxonidine provided betterperioperative hemodynamic stability in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries.Keywords: Moxonidine, Stress response, Laparoscopic.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Respon Hemodinamik dengan Penambahan Blok Scalp Levobupivakain pada Operasi Kraniotomi

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Arya Justisia Sani ◽  
Ardhana Tri Arianto ◽  
Muhammad Husni Thamrin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scalp Block ◽  
One Way Anova

Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Peningkatan respon hemodinamik yang disebabkan oleh nyeri dapat menyebabkan peningkatan aliran darah otak dan tekanan intrakranial. Blok scalp pada kraniotomi menumpulkan respon hemodinamik karena rangsangan nyeri serta mengurangi penambahan analgesi lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas blok scalp sebagai analgetik pada kraniotomi.Subjek dan Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan uji klinik acak tersamar ganda pada 36 pasien dengan status fisik ASA 1–3 dilakukan operasi kraniotomi eksisi dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sampel dibagi menjadi kelompok I (dengan blok scalp) dan kelompok II (tanpa blok scalp). Blok dilakukan sesaat setelah induksi anestesi. Digunakan levobupivakain 0,375% sebanyak 3 ml tiap insersi, pada masing-masing saraf. Tekanan darah, tekanan arteri rata-rata, detak jantung sebelum intubasi dan setelah intubasi, pemasangan pin, insisi kulit dan insisi duramater serta total kebutuhan fentanyl tambahan dicatat. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan program komputer SPSS versi 17 lalu diuji menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis atau One-way ANOVA. Batas kemaknaan yang diambil adalah p < 0,05.Hasil: Selama kraniotomi, detak jantung, tekanan darah, tekanan arteri rata-rata secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada pasien tanpa blok scalp terutama pada saat pemasangan pin. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan, penambahan fentanyl pada pasien dengan blok scalp lebih sedikit dibandingkan tanpa blok scalp, p=0,000 (p<0,05).Simpulan: Blok scalp levobupivakain efektif dalam menurunkan respon hemodinamik terutama pada saat pemasangan pin. Pasien kraniotomi dengan blok scalp membutuhkan penambahan fentanyl lebih sedikit. Differences on Hemodynamic Response with Levobupivacaine Scalp Block in Craniotomy SurgeryAbstractBackground and Objective: Increased hemodynamic response caused by pain can lead to increased cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure. Scalp block in craniotomy blunts hemodynamic response due to pain and reduce other analgesics addition. This study aims to determine effectiveness of scalp blocks as analgesic in craniotomy.Subject and Method: This study used a double-blind randomized clinical trial in 36 patients with physical status ASA 1-3 who underwent craniotomy and met inclusion criteria. Samples were divided into group I (with scalp block) and group II (without scalp block). Scalp Block was performed right after anesthesia induction. Using levobupivacaine 0.375% 3 ml for each insertion. Blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate before and after intubation, during pin placement, skin incision and duramater incision and total need for additional fentanyl were recorded. SPSS version 17 was used and data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis or One-way ANOVA. Statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05.Result: During craniotomy, heart rate, blood pressure, mean arterial pressure were significantly higher in patients without scalp block especially during pin placement. Statistical test showed significant difference, additional fentanyl in patients with scalp blocks was lesser, p = 0.000 (p <0.05). Conclusion: Levobupivacaine scalp block was effective to blunt hemodynamic response especially during pin placement. Scalp block also decreased additional fentanyl in craniotomy.

Electrocardiographic and arterial pressure changes in female dogs subjected to epidural anesthesia with different doses of morphine

2017 ◽  
Vol XXII (130) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Mariana Werneck Fonseca ◽  
Verônica Batista de Albuquerque ◽  
Gabriel T. N. Martins Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Augusto de Araújo ◽  
Wagner Luis Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Epidural Morphine ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Different Doses

This article investigates the electrocardiographic and blood pressure changes caused by different doses of morphine administered epidurally to bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Twenty-four healthy bitches weighing 9.8 ± 4.1 kg were assigned to three experimental groups (in each group, n = 8): (i) group M0.1: 0.1 mg/kg morphine; (ii) group M0.15: 0.15 mg/kg morphine; and (iii) group M0.2: 0.2 mg/kg morphine. In all groups, levobupivacaine was added to achieve a total volume of 0.33 mL/kg. During the procedures, the following parameters were controlled: heart rate and rhythm, systolic blood pressure, rectal temperature and blood lactate. The data were analyzed by means of statistical methods of analysis of variance, such as Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher and Tukey tests. Epidural morphine did not cause significant electrocardiographic or blood pressure changes in the tested doses, which makes the use of this drug a viable alternative for epidural anesthesia.

Carotid arterial hemodynamics in response to LBNP in normal subjects: methodological aspects

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1546-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pannier ◽  
M. A. Slama ◽  
G. M. London ◽  
M. E. Safar ◽  
J. L. Cuche
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pressure Wave ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Carotid Arterial ◽  
Tangential Tension

Pulsatile changes in blood pressure and arterial diameter were studied noninvasively with applanation tonometry and echo-tracking techniques at the sites of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the carotid arterial bulb (CAB) in 12 healthy volunteers. Determinations were performed before and during application of -10 and -40 mmHg lower body negative pressure (LBNP) to investigate noninvasively the tensile forces acting on the CAB. Together with significantly decreased mean arterial pressure, increased heart rate, forearm vascular resistance, and plasma norepinephrine, the -40 mmHg LBNP stimulus produced the following significant changes in CCA and CAB hemodynamics: 1) for the same decrease in mean arterial pressure, a greater decrease in carotid than in brachial pulse pressure was observed (P < 0.01) due to a significant change in pressure wave transmission and in the timing of the carotid backward pressure wave; and 2) a highly significant decrease in pulsatile changes in diameter and tangential tension occurred, with a greater decrease in systolic than in diastolic tangential tension. Subsequently, cyclic tangential tension decreased more substantially than mean tangential tension. The cyclic changes in tension were quite significant after -40 mmHg LBNP but were already observed for mild -10 mmHg LBNP in which mean systemic blood pressure and heart rate were not modified. During -10 and -40 mmHg LBNP, CCA and CAB compliance and distensibility were unchanged. This study provides evidence that the autonomic nervous system activation produced by the LBNP procedure is associated with significant changes in pressure-wave amplification and in cyclic tensile forces acting on the CAB. These changes, which may occur even for mild LBNP, should be taken into account when interpreting results of the LBNP procedure in humans.

Measurement of sympathetic nerve activity in the unanesthetized rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Fluckiger ◽  
G. Gremaud ◽  
B. Waeber ◽  
A. Kulik ◽  
A. Ichino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure Reduction ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent

A new system was developed in our laboratory to continuously monitor intra-arterial pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic nerve activity in unanesthetized rats. The animals were prepared 24 h before the start of the experiments. Sympathoneural traffic was measured at the level of splanchnic nerve. The amplitude of the spikes recorded at this level was utilized to express sympathetic nerve activity. The amplitude of the residual electroneurogram signal present 30 min after the rats were killed was 32 +/- 2 mV (mean +/- SE; n = 11). For analysis, these background values were subtracted from values determined in vivo. The nerve we studied contains postganglionic fibers, since electrical activity decreased in response to ganglionic blockade with pentolinium (1.25 mg/min iv for 4 min). The amplitude of spikes fell by 43 +/- 4% (n = 4). Sympathetic nerve activity was highly reproducible at a 24-h interval (104 +/- 26 vs. 111 +/- 27 mV for the amplitude of spikes; n = 11). Dose-response curves to the alpha 1-stimulant methoxamine and to bradykinin were established in four rats. The increase in blood pressure induced by methoxamine caused a dose-dependent fall in sympathetic nerve activity, whereas the blood pressure reduction resulting from bradykinin was associated with a dose-dependent activation of sympathetic drive. These data therefore indicate that it is possible with out system to accurately measure sympathetic nerve activity in the awake rat, together with intra-arterial pressure and heart rate.

Thyroid status influences baroreflex function and autonomic contributions to arterial pressure and heart rate

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. H2061-H2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Michael Foley ◽  
Richard M. McAllister ◽  
Eileen M. Hasser
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Arterial Baroreflex ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Baroreflex Function ◽  
Resting Blood Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Influence

The effect of thyroid status on arterial baroreflex function and autonomic contributions to resting blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were evaluated in conscious rats. Rats were rendered hyperthyroid (Hyper) or hypothyroid (Hypo) with triiodothyronine and propylthiouracil treatments, respectively. Euthyroid (Eut), Hyper, and Hypo rats were chronically instrumented to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR, and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA). Baroreflex function was evaluated with the use of a logistic function that relates LSNA or HR to MAP during infusion of phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside. Contributions of the autonomic nervous system to resting MAP and HR were assessed by blocking autonomic outflow with trimethaphan. In Hypo rats, the arterial baroreflex curve for both LSNA and HR was shifted downward. Hypo animals exhibited blunted sympathoexcitatory and tachycardic responses to decreases in MAP. Furthermore, the data suggest that in Hypo rats, the sympathetic influence on HR was predominant and the autonomic contribution to resting MAP was greater than in Eut rats. In Hyper rats, arterial baroreflex function generally was similar to that in Eut rats. The autonomic contribution to resting MAP was not different between Hyper and Eut rats, but predominant parasympathetic influence on HR was exhibited in Hyper rats. The results demonstrate baroreflex control of LSNA and HR is attenuated in Hypo but not Hyper rats. Thyroid status alters the balance of sympathetic to parasympathetic tone in the heart, and the Hypo state increases the autonomic contributions to resting blood pressure.

Analysis of heart rate-based control of arterial blood pressure

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. H812-H822 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Rose ◽  
J. S. Schwaber
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Reciprocal Relation ◽  
Arterial Baroreflex ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Filling Time

Vagal control of the heart is the most rapidly responding limb of the arterial baroreflex. We created a mathematical model of the left heart and vascular system to evaluate the ability of heart rate to influence blood pressure. The results show that arterial pressure depends nonlinearly on rate and that changes in rate are of limited effectiveness, particularly when rate is increased above the basal level. A 10% change in heart rate from rest causes a change of only 2.4% in arterial pressure due to the reciprocal relation between heart rate and stroke volume; at higher rates, insufficient filling time causes stroke volume to fall. These findings agree well with published experimental data and challenge the idea that changes in heart rate alone can strongly and rapidly affect arterial pressure. Possible implications are that vagally mediated alterations in inotropic and dromotropic state, which are not included in this model, play important roles in the fast reflex control of blood pressure or that the vagal limb of the baroreflex is of rather limited effectiveness.

The Influence of Physical Activity on Arterial Pressure during Ambulatory Recordings in Man

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Rowlands ◽  
T. J. Stallard ◽  
R. D. S. Watson ◽  
W. A. Littler
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hypotensive Therapy

1. Ambulatory blood pressure recordings were made over a 48 h period on six hypertensive patients. The conditions of study were standardized, particularly with regard to physical activity, and during one period of each day the patients were randomly allocated to be active or inactive. 2. Results show that blood pressure was highest during physical activity and lowest during sleep. There was no significant difference between the arterial pressures measured during the same physical activities carried out at the same time each day. However, during the same time on consecutive days when activity was randomized, there was a significant difference between the pressure recordings during physical activity compared with those during inactivity. Heart rate changes showed a similar trend during the randomized period. 3. Physical activity and sleep have a profound effect on continuous arterial blood pressure recordings and these are independent of time alone. These observations should be taken into account when using this ambulatory system to assess hypotensive therapy.

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