A STUDY ON THE FUNCTION OF THE DISTRICT PLAN FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF ROADS, PARKSAND BUILDING BLOCKS IN URBAN AREAS AND ITS SUSTAINING CONDITIONS : Based upon the practice of Katsuta City

1993 ◽  
Vol 449 (0) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Yasuo HIBATA ◽  
Hiroyuki FUJIEDA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Blocks

scholarly journals Faith community as a centre of liberationist praxis in the city

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Hankela
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
New South ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Faith Community ◽  
Faith Communities ◽  
Prophetic Voice ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Theologians speak of the silence of churches’ prophetic voice in the ‘new’ South Africa, whilst the country features amongst the socio-economically most unequal countries in the world, and the urban areas in particular continue to be characterised by segregation. In this context I ask: where is liberation theology? I spell out my reading of some of the recent voices in the liberationist discourse. In dialogue with these scholars I, firstly, argue for the faith community to be made a conscious centre of liberationist debates and praxis. Secondly, I do this by suggesting two theoretical building blocks (i.e. critical deconstruction and radical friendship) for local faith communities that wish to grow in a liberationist fashion.

scholarly journals Integrated Approach for Building Extraction from InSAR and Optical Image using Object Oriented Analysis Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Bikash Kumar Karna ◽  
Ashutosh Bhardawaj
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Fuzzy Membership Function ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Building Extraction ◽  
Object Oriented Analysis

Building extraction in built-up area is of great interest for visualization, simulation and monitoring urban landscape which is used for town/city planning as well as regional planning. Building extraction in urban areas based on merely a single high resolution optical data is often hard to conduct and to improve quality of building detection with consistency, completeness and correctness. Optical images are one of the major sources of individual building extraction from orthoimage but most of these do not produce anticipated result especially to building’s shape and outlines in dense urban environment. Extraction of objects from InSAR images is a complicated phenomenon for interpretability due to side looking geometry and effects of layover, foreshortening, shadowing and multi bounce scattering. In this study, buildings and building blocks are extracted from fusion of optical and InSAR data using object oriented analysis (OOA) technique. The improvement of building footprint has done with rectangular fit for building hypothesis and building height from normalized digital surface model (nDSM) based on fuzzy membership function. The results of building extraction has found reasonably good and accurate in planned urban layouts. The quality of building extraction has highly dependent on settlement density, contrast and other image characteristics.Nepalese Journal on Geoinformatics -13, 2014, Page: 16-23

scholarly journals EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE OF RECONSTRUCTION OF MODEL DWELLING-HOUSES IS IN THE HISTORICALLY FORMED ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
Jurij Sepjogin ◽  
Iryna Novosad
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Historic District ◽  
European Cities ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
The City ◽  
Mass Construction

The article discusses the analysis of reconstruction of typical residential houses in the historically formed environment of European countries. Analyzing the zoning plans of European cities, it is possible to identify the main territorial areas, namely: the historic district, adjacent to the historic district and the outskirts of the city. All urban areas are formed from compositional solutions formed from residential and public buildings.The era of industrialization and typification has led to mass construction of model dwellings and these houses are the main building blocks of European cities such as: Czech Republic, Germany former GDR, Poland, Slovakia, Russia. Typical houses had stages in their development, reflecting the age of the time, politics, development of science and technology, and they are the historical environment. Industrial residential houses had stages in their development, each stage made adjustments with each decade improved planning solutions, increased floors, changed frontal and volumetric composition of the building. To date, the operational qualities of typical dwellings have become unusable and the need for reconstruction has come to an end. In order to learn about methods and techniques for improving the quality of reconstruction, the authors made an analysis of European cities: Czech Republic and Germany. The article analyzes reconstructed dwellings, techniques and methods by which the quality of volume-spatial and planning solutions was improved. The main techniques that were used in the reconstruction were identified: floor superstructure, extension of loggias and terraces, balconies; installation of additional volumes between apartment houses, re-planning of entrance group, the device of the elevator; warming of facades; replacement of window and door blocks; use of supergraphics. The article also proves that reconstruction and modernization is the only method by which it is possible to improve the quality of dwellings.

Effect of Adjustable Deflectors on Building Facade on Diverting the Distribution of Aerosol in Micro Climate Wind Field

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 338-341
Author(s):  
Chih Hong Huang ◽  
Kuang Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Wind Field ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Aerosol Concentration ◽  
Street Canyons ◽  
Wind Environment ◽  
Building Facade ◽  
And Control

Aerosol particles in urban areas are deposited in street canyons due to the wind field generated by building blocks. The purpose of this study was to discuss with CFD software the effect on lowering the aerosol concentration in urban space by means of active and auxiliary adjustable wind deflectors installed on the building facade to divert and control the micro-climate wind environment surrounding the buildings. The results suggested that, the wind deflector could produce an enormous improving efficiency for channelizing the particles.

scholarly journals Living Labs for Rural Areas: Contextualization of Living Lab Frameworks, Concepts and Practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Zavratnik ◽  
Argene Superina ◽  
Emilija Stojmenova Duh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Living Labs

Living Labs are spaces for innovative and participative research, development and activities that use multidisciplinary approaches and promote the co-creation paradigm. Our specific interest lies in exploring the value of the Living Lab concept for creating environments that enable equal opportunities for people living in rural and urban areas, and for making rural areas attractive places to live. Moreover, through the existing practices and research results available, Living Labs are seen as one of the important building blocks of smart rural development and an important step towards establishing a Smart Village environment. Living Labs are a valuable player in enhancing circular economy, digital transformation, local self-sufficiency and other elements of sustainable living. The main aim of this paper is therefore to put Living Labs in the context of rural areas and evaluate their possible contributions for sustainable rural development. This paper argues that the element of community and social change should be considered as a key element in enabling sustainable living.

scholarly journals Institutional stakeholders’ perceptions of a sustainable neighbourhood in metropolitan Lagos

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayomikun S. Adewumi ◽  
Vincent Onyango ◽  
Dumiso Moyo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Critical Realism ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
Institutional Stakeholders ◽  
Dominate Discourse ◽  
Common Understanding

AbstractUnderstanding the term urban sustainability continues to dominate discourse in the built environment as societies explore how cities can be considered sustainable. Due to the increasing rate of urbanization, scholars argue that the battle for sustainability will be won or lost in cities; recognizing the crucial role that neighbourhoods can play as building blocks of urban areas. However, while the context-specificity of the several approaches to sustainability at the neighbourhood level has been recognised, no single accepted understanding of a sustainable neighbourhood has emerged. This paper explores institutional stakeholders’ understanding of a sustainable neighbourhood using questionnaire data from metropolitan Lagos. This aligns with the critical realism philosophical stance which believes that knowledge can be sourced through the perception of people with respect to an underlying structure based on their reality. The findings show variations in the perceptions with institutions having similar responsibilities differing in their understanding of the concept. It was unclear why a single common understanding was missing and why certain elements were more emphasised than others even in institutions having similar roles. Further research should explore the mechanisms at play in influencing these understandings and how they may differ in various urban contexts in Sub-Sahara Africa.

scholarly journals SEAMS: an alternative techno-economic system to foster the sustainable development of renewable energy use in urban areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 2042 (1) ◽  
pp. 012087
Author(s):  
D Bourguignon ◽  
P Crépeaux ◽  
F Adam
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Abstract To foster the sustainable development of renewable energy use in urban areas, we define an alternative, reciprocity-based, techno-economic system named SEAMS (“sharing energy amongst adjacent buildings”). We demonstrate its relevance through a statistical analysis of linear heat density across coastal cities from Northwestern mainland France, and a comparison of four implementations of three techno-economic systems within the perimeter of two adjacent building blocks, located in the city center of Lorient (Brittany). The SEAMS approach promises to address the multidimensional fragility issues currently surfacing with the conventional, market-based or redistribution-based, techno-economic systems, namely electricity and gas networks (EGN) or district heating and cooling networks (DHCN).

scholarly journals Modelling floods in urban areas and representation of buildings with a method based on adjusted conveyance and storage characteristics

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1150-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Vojinovic ◽  
Solomon Seyoum ◽  
Mwanaisha H. Salum ◽  
Roland K. Price ◽  
Ahmad K. Fikri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Coarse Resolution ◽  
Resolution Model ◽  
Inertia Model ◽  
Depth Relationship

The present paper reviews several approaches that can be used in capturing urban features in coarse resolution two-dimensional (2D) models and it demonstrates the effectiveness of a new approach against the straightforward 2D modelling approach on a hypothetical and a real-life case study work. The case study work addresses the use of coarse grid resolutions in 2D non-inertia models. The 2D non-inertia model used solves continuity and momentum equations over the cells of the coarse model while taking the minimum elevation as a surface level. The volume stored in every cell is calculated as a volume-depth relationship. In order to replicate restriction in conveyances in x–y directions of fine resolution models due to building blocks, the friction values of the coarse-resolution model are adjusted to match the results of the high-resolution model. The work presented in this paper shows the possibility of applying a 2D non-inertia model more effectively in urban flood modelling applications whilst still making use of the high resolution of topographic data that can nowadays be easily acquired.

scholarly journals Dasymetric Mapping Using UAV High Resolution 3D Data Within Urban Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebelo ◽  
Rodrigues ◽  
Tenedório
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Dasymetric Mapping ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Large Scope ◽  
3D Information

Multi-temporal analysis of census small-area microdata is hampered by the fact that census tract shapes do not often coincide between census exercises. Dasymetric mapping techniques provide a workaround that is nonetheless highly dependent on the quality of ancillary data. The objectives of this work are to: (1) Compare the use of three spatial techniques for the estimation of population according to census tracts: Areal interpolation and dasymetric mapping using control data—building block area (2D) and volume (3D); (2) demonstrate the potential of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology for the acquisition of control data; (3) perform a sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulations showing the effect of changes in building block volume (3D information) in population estimates. The control data were extracted by a (semi)-automatic solution—3DEBP (3D extraction building parameters) developed using free open source software (FOSS) tools. The results highlight the relevance of 3D for the dasymetric mapping exercise, especially if the variations in height between building blocks are significant. Using low-cost UAV backed systems with a FOSS-only computing framework also proved to be a competent solution with a large scope of potential applications.

Conceptualizing Criminal Governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Lessing
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Criminal Organization ◽  
The State ◽  
Abusive Behavior ◽  
Rebel Governance ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Drug Violence ◽  
Future Theory ◽  
At Will

In informal urban areas throughout the developing world, and even in some US and UK neighborhoods, tens if not hundreds of millions of people live under some form of criminal governance. For them, states’ claims of a monopoly on the use of force ring hollow; for many issues, a local criminal organization is the relevant authority. Yet the state is far from absent: residents may pay taxes, vote, and even inform on gangs as punishment for abusive behavior. Criminal governance flourishes in pockets of low state presence, but ones that states can generally enter at will, if not always without violence. It thus differs from state, corporate, and rebel governance because it is embedded within larger domains of state power. I develop a conceptual framework centered around the who, what, and how of criminal governance, organizing extant research and proposing a novel dimension: charismatic versus rational-bureaucratic forms of criminal authority. I then delineate the logics that may drive criminal organizations to provide governance for non-members, establishing building blocks for future theory-building and -testing. Finally, I explore how criminal governance intersects with the state, refining the concept of crime–state “symbiosis” and distinguishing it from neighboring concepts in organized-crime and drug-violence scholarship.

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