scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF EXTERNAL (VISUAL) SIGNS OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS DETECTED AT THE SCENE OF FIRE

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 373-387
Author(s):  
A. Matiuk ◽  
I. Ryabinin ◽  
R. Huseinov ◽  
I. Shebalkov
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Occurrence ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Flammable Liquids ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Direct Indication ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Combustible Liquids ◽  
Fire Scene

The article purpose is to systematize the external (visual) signs of the use of flammable and combustible liquids as a combustion intensifier at the scene of fire and the methodology of the analysis of these signs to provide reasonable, reliable conclusions when conducting forensic examination in the forensic specialty 10.8. Research on the circumstances of fire occurrence and spread and compliance with fire safety requirements. A particular relevance of using a set of special knowledge while investiga- tion of crimes related to fires is explained by the fact that almost only conclu- sions of forensic examinations make it possible to establish the very fact of the commission of such a crime as arson. The analysis of forensic practice showed that a significant part of crimes related to fires occurs when flammable and com- bustible liquids are used. At the same time, a reliable establishment of the fact of flammable liquids and combustible liquids use as intensifiers (initiators and ac- celerators) of burning is a crucial, key factor that must be defined for the inves- tigation completeness. The fact of determining unpredicted release of flammable and combustible liquids in the area of fire is a direct indication of committing a crime, yet this sign is quite often the only proof of the criminal nature of fire. However, the establishment of the fact of the use of flammable and combusti- ble liquids usually occurs during the analysis of quite specific visible signs left at the fire scene. In the suggested paper, the authors systematized the external (visual) signs of the use of flammable and combustible liquids as an intensifier of combustion at the fire scene and a methodology for the analysis of all these signs to provide reasonable and reliable conclusions when conducting forensic examinations in the forensic specialty 10.8 Research on the circumstances of fire occurrence and spread and compliance with fire safety requirements.

Model for assigning security objects to a specific risk category in the field of fire safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
D. V. Zobkov ◽  
◽  
A. A. Poroshin ◽  
A. A. Kondashov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Acceptable Risk ◽  
Individual Object ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Risk Categories

Introduction. A mathematical model is presented for assigning protection objects to certain risk categories in the field of fire safety. The model is based on the concepts of the probability of adverse effects of fires causing harm (damage) of various extent and severity to the life or health of citizens, and the acceptable risk of harm (damage) from fires. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the study is to develop the procedure for assigning protection objects to a certain category of risk of harm (damage) based on estimates of the probability of fires with the corresponding severity consequences, to determine the acceptable level of risk of harm (damage) due to the fires, to calculate and develop numerical values of criteria for assigning objects of protection to the appropriate risk categories. Methods. The boundaries of the intervals corresponding to certain risk categories are determined by dividing the logarithmic scale of severity of adverse effects of fires into equal segments. Classification methods are used to assign objects of protection to a specific risk category. Results and discussion. Based on the level of severity of potential negative consequences of a fire, risk categories were determined for groups of protection objects that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and by functional fire hazard classes. The risk category for each individual object of protection is proposed to be determined using the so-called index of "identification of a controlled person" within a group of objects that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and class of functional fire hazard. Depending on the risk category, the periodicity of planned control and supervision measures in relation to the specific object of protection under consideration is determined, taking into account its socio-economic characteristics and the state of compliance with fire safety requirements by the controlled person. Conclusions. To develop criteria for classifying protection objects that are homogeneous in terms of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes, the probability of negative consequences of fires, that are causing harm (damage) of various extent and severity to the life or health of citizens, and the acceptable risk of causing harm (damage) as a result of fires, is used. The risk category for each individual object of protection is determined taking into account socio-economic characteristics of the object that affect the level of ensuring its fire safety, as well as the criteriaof integrity of the subordinate person that characterize the probability of non-compliance with mandatory fire safety requirements at the object of protection. Calculations are made and numerical values of criteria for assigning protection objects that are homogeneous in terms of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes to a certain category of risk are proposed. Key words: object of protection, probability of fire, acceptable level of risk, risk category, dangerous factor of fire, death and injury of people.

Features of The Proceedings on Administrative Offenses Initiated for Violation of Fire Safety Requirements

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
A. K. Sabirova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Administrative Legislation ◽  
Administrative Punishment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Administrative Proceedings ◽  
Made In

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of administrative proceedings instituted for violations of fire safety requirements, including important changes made in the relevant area of the administrative legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the analysis of the legislative possibility of applying administrative punishment in the form of administrative suspension of activities for non-compliance with the requirements of the federal state firefighters oversight (including named changes).

Risk-Oriented Model of the Distribution of Buildings (Structures) by Categories of Risk of Causing Harm (Damage) as the Result of Fire to Substantiate the Frequency of Scheduled Inspections of the Buildings (Structures)

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
A.V. Matyushin ◽  
◽  
A.G. Firsov ◽  
Yu.A. Matyushin ◽  
V.S. Goncharenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Fire Occurrence ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Record Card ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Object Of Control ◽  
Risk Categories

Normative legal acts of the Russian Federation establish that the criteria for assigning control objects to the categories of risk of causing harm should be formed based on the results of the assessment of the risk of causing harm. In the developed countries of the world, as a rule, the distribution of objects of control by risk categories and the substantiation of the frequency of their inspections are carried out depending either on the point risk assessment, or on the number and importance of the violations of mandatory fire safety requirements revealed during the inspection of the object of control. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the frequency of scheduled inspections of the objects of control by the state fire supervision bodies depending on whether the objects of protection belong to a particular category of risk of causing harm. As a criterion for assigning control objects to various categories of risk of causing harm, it is proposed to use the risk of causing harm (damage) as the result of fire in the buildings of various classes of functional fire hazard, which is understood as the product of the probability of fire occurrence, the probability of causing socio-economic harm (damage) as the result of fire and the value terms of socio-economic harm (damage). A mathematical model was developed to determine the risk of causing harm (damage) as the result of a fire in a building, and an assessment of its values for the buildings of various classes of functional fire hazard is given. Distribution of the buildings by categories of risk of causing harm (damage) was carried out depending on the calculated value of the risk of causing harm. It is shown that the distribution of control objects by risk categories significantly depends on the degree of detail in the fire record card of the characteristics of the building in which the fire occurred. The optimal terms for carrying out scheduled inspections of the objects of control are proposed depending on the category of risk to which they are assigned. Proposals are formulated concerning the improvement of the risk-oriented approach in the activities of the state fire supervision bodies of the EMERCOM of Russia.

BIM TECHNOLOGY AS AN ELEMENT OF MODERN CONSTRUCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
A. Nikolayeva ◽  
O. Gorbunova
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Very High

When designing and implementing BIM technologies, it is of particular importance to take into account fire safety requirements to eliminate errors in the decisions made, as well as for safe operation in the future. This topic is very relevant today and the need for compliance with fire safety requirements is very high. To solve these problems, the use of modern software products, such as Autodesk Revit, can play a huge role. The use of such programs makes it possible to significantly speed up the design process of all systems of the building under construction, as well as to develop an information model in detail, which will allow an objective assessment of accidents and provide objective information about them. These technologies make it possible to fully design buildings and structures, having calculated all the processes, to provide the most effective solutions at all stages of the project, which reduces costs and reduces the time of commissioning of the object. The article reveals the concept of BIM technologies, their main advantages, and application experience.

scholarly journals Spatially varying constraints of human-caused fire occurrence in British Columbia, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. Camp ◽  
Meg A. Krawchuk
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Occurrence ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Human Footprint ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Spatially Varying

Human-caused wildfires are controlled by human and natural influences, and determining their key drivers is critical for understanding spatial patterns of wildfire and implementing effective fire management. We examined an array of explanatory variables that account for spatial controls of human-caused fire occurrence from 1990 to 2013 among six ecosystem zones that vary in human footprint and environmental characteristics in British Columbia, Canada. We found that long-term patterns of human-caused fire in ecosystem zones with a larger human footprint were strongly controlled by biophysical variables explaining conditions conducive to burning, whereas fire occurrence in remote ecosystem zones was controlled by various metrics of human activity. A metric representing the wildland–urban interface was a key factor explaining human-caused fire occurrence regardless of ecosystem zone. Our results contribute to the growing body of research on the varying constraints of spatial patterns of fire occurrence by explicitly examining human-caused fire and the heterogeneity of constraints based on human development.

scholarly journals FIRE RESISTANCE OF BUILDING STRUCTURES OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS STORES

Fire Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
O. I. Bashynskiy ◽  
M. Z. Peleshko ◽  
T. G. Berezhanskiy
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Combustible Liquids

The article is dedicated to the fire resistance limit of building structures of the objects for the storage of flammable and combustible liquids. Today, oil stores are very important elements of the oil supply system in Ukraine. The analysis of literary sources has shown that fires in oil stores cause extra fire hazard of surrounding objects. Increasing of their scales requires further improvement of fire safety measures during planning and using of oil stores. Fires in such buildings are tricky and large; they cause great harm and often lead to the death of people; their liquidation is very difficult. Theoretical calculations shown that the collapse of structures of the packaged oil stores and, as a result, significant material losses and the threat to people's life and health, were resulted from the incorrect selection of building structures and the discrepancy between the fire resistance of these structures and the applicable norms and requirements for such buildings. Fire Safety, №34, 2019 9 Fire resistance limit of the metal double-T pillar made of steel ВСт3пс4 (profile size number 30) was calculated in the article. Such constructions are used in oil stores. The obtained fire resistance limit of a metal double-T pillar is about 16 minutes (R 16). According to the normative documents for buildings of this type (the degree of fire resistance of the building – III), it should be 120 minutes (R 120). Even if the calculation method has an error due to the choice of another steel grade, objectively none of the double-T profiles from the assortment list would provide proper fire resistance limit.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEM OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RADIATION-HAZARDOUS FACILITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Galina Malykha ◽  
Alexander Pavlov ◽  
Igor Dorogan
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Organizational System ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Subsequent Processing ◽  
Advanced System ◽  
Research Analysis ◽  
Design And Construction

Energy-related buildings and structures are designed to meet safety requirements. The greatest danger is a radiation. In Russia there is an advanced system of regulatory documents, which contain thousands of requirements for radiation and fire safety, and layout solutions. During design and construction it is necessary to use the organizational system of checking and compliance of various requirements to the object. An important part of the system is the subsequent processing of requirements at the stages of design and project implementation. The process of processing the requirements consists of research, analysis, formulation and approval of the requirements, followed by tracking their performance in the project, at the construction site and during operation. In the development of basic and detailed documentation, in the construction the list of requirements is used for setting the tasks of the customer, the decision of their designer, the implementation of decisions by builders and installers.

On the Issue of the Specifics of the Division of Administrative Responsibility in Case of Violation of Fire Safety Requirements

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
E. A. Inshakova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
First Time ◽  
Administrative Responsibility ◽  
Safety Rules

The author analyzes the current problems in the division of administrative responsibility for violation of fire safety rules in the case of several subjects of an administrative offense, provided that all actions to comply with fire safety rules were assigned to other persons in the performance of civil contracts. The problem lies in the fact that currently there is a law enforcement practice, based on which, regardless of the imposition by the owner of the property of the obligation to comply with the rules in the field of fire safety on other subjects of civil legal relations, administrative responsibility can still be applied to the owner of the property. The novelty of the study is that the paper for the first time formulated a position on the full transfer of the obligation to comply with fire safety requirements from the owner of the property to other persons, guided by the primary right of the owner to dispose of the property at his discretion.

Review of international normative fire safety requirements for historic and cultural heritage objects

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
V. I. PRISADKOV ◽  
◽  
T. Yu. EREMINA ◽  
A. V. BOGDANOV ◽  
O. V. SUSHKOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects
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