‘Her Heritage Was that Tragic Optimism’: Edwardian Pastoral

2017 ◽  
pp. 56-86
Author(s):  
Nick Hubble
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
George Orwell ◽  
Ford Madox Ford ◽  
Katherine Mansfield ◽  
World War ◽  
Proletarian Literature ◽  
New Class ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

George Orwell suggested that proletarian literature began before the First World War when Ford Madox Ford, the editor of the English Review, met D.H. Lawrence and saw in him the portent of a new class finding expression in literature. Chapter one of this book explores the extent to which Ford was already anticipating the ideas of William Empson in his Edwardian pastoral, which is seen as a mode of discourse concerned with rethinking social relations and a key progenitor of both modernism and proletarian literature. The chapter also discusses Ford and H.G. Wells as uneasy collaborators in ‘music-hall’ modernism and analyses the urban explorations of both Katherine Mansfield and Virginia Woolf.

Sacrifice and Modern War Literature

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Faith ◽  
War Literature ◽  
Ford Madox Ford ◽  
Elizabeth Bowen ◽  
Bare Life ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Modern War ◽  
First World

Sacrifice and Modern War Literature is the first book to explore how writers from the early nineteenth century to the present have addressed the intimacy of sacrifice and war. It has been common for critics to argue that after the First World War many of the cultural and religious values associated with sacrifice have been increasingly rejected by writers and others. As the contributors to this volume show, though, literature has continued to address how different conceptions of sacrifice have been invoked in times of war to convert losses into gains or ideals. While those conceptions have sometimes been rooted in a secular rationalism that values lost lives in terms of political or national victories, spiritual and religious conceptions of sacrifice are also still in evidence—as with the ‘martyrdom operations’ of jihadis fighting against the ‘war on terror’. The volume’s fifteen chapters each present fresh insights into the literature of a particular conflict. Most of the authors discussed are major war writers (e.g. Wordsworth, Kipling, Ford Madox Ford, Elizabeth Bowen), but important writers who have received less critical attention are also featured (e.g. Dora Sigerson, Richard Aldington, Thomas Kinsella, Nadeem Aslam). Discussion ranges across a variety of genres: predominantly novels and poetry (particularly elegy and lyric), but also memoirs and some films. The range of literature examined complements the rich array of topics related to wartime sacrifice that the contributors discuss—including scapegoating, martyrdom, religious faith, tragedy, heroism, altruism, ‘bare life’, atonement, and redemption.

scholarly journals The Secret of Efficiency? Social Relations and Patronage in the British Army in the Era of the First World War*

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimée Fox
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
First World War ◽  
British Army ◽  
Hierarchical Systems ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Abstract In recent years, the social history of armed forces has done much to reconstruct the experience of soldiering. However, remarkably few studies focus explicitly upon the social and political relations that play a central role in how armies behave. This article aims to understand the British Army in the era of the First World War in terms of its informal and formal organisation, exploring and interrogating the connections and relationships between individuals and the structures within which they operate. Using the concept of patronage as a lens, it will demonstrate how social relationships were able to offer alternatives to purely hierarchical systems of administration. Rather than simple favouritism, for a variety of reasons these processes functioned along meritocratic lines, enabling the Army to adopt pragmatic and innovative solutions to the challenges of the First World War.

The ‘Great War’ in Il Plata: Italian Immigrants in Buenos Aires and Montevideo During the First World War

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Starosta Galante
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Recruitment ◽  
Italian Immigration ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Italian Immigrants ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

This paper examines the actions of Italian immigrants in Buenos Aires and Montevideo to support Italy’s mobilisation during the First World War. It focuses on immigrant institutions that participated in activities including military recruitment and welfare collections to assist the Italian side. It also investigates ways Italian immigrants collaborated across the Río de la Plata to mobilise war-related resources. Through its analysis, this article narrows in on a neglected period of time in Italian immigration historiography and uncovers ways events in Italy might have affected immigrant behaviours. It explores the degree of integration that existed between these two communities and within a transnational immigrant network built around ‘Italian’ notions of belonging. More broadly, this paper illustrates the value of scholarly focus on periods of crisis in immigrant homelands. The study of such periods helps advance understandings of social relations within immigrant communities and the transnational networks in which immigrants are situated.

BLAST (1914–1915)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Waddell
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
First World War ◽  
Ford Madox Ford ◽  
Wyndham Lewis ◽  
World War ◽  
Rebecca West ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

BLAST was an early modernist ‘little magazine’ edited by Wyndham Lewis in London. Not to be confused with Alexander Berkman’s San Francisco-based anarchist newspaper The Blast (1916–17), BLAST proclaimed the arrival of the English avant-garde movement Vorticism. BLAST ran for two volumes, appearing in July 1914 and July 1915, before the First World War forced it to end. The magazine’s two instalments represent a key example of pre-war avant-garde periodical culture, and are recognised as exemplifying, through the differing commitments of their various contributors, some of the overlapping alliances and antagonisms of London’s early modernist socio-cultural scene. Key contributions include Lewis’s play Enemy of the Stars (1914) and stories by Ford Madox Ford (‘The Saddest Story’, 1914) and Rebecca West (‘Indissoluble Matrimony’, 1914). In promoting Vorticism, BLAST championed an intellectual aesthetic based on contemplative detachment and foregrounded inter-subjective relations. Both volumes of BLAST were heavily illustrated, featuring visual contributions from Jessie Dismorr, Jacob Epstein, Frederick Etchells, Henri Gaudier-Brzeska, Spencer Gore, Cuthbert Hamilton, Jacob Kramer, Lewis himself, C. R. W. Nevinson, William Roberts, Helen Saunders, Dorothy Shakespear, and Edward Wadsworth.

“To Begin on Again”: A Study of Early Cinema’s Unique Influence on Modernist Literature

Film Matters ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-81
Author(s):  
Maria Mutka
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
First World War ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
World War ◽  
The Waste Land ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Waste Land ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This article examines the intersectionality of modernist literature and the advent of cinema, particularly in the context of the incomparable tragedies of the First World War in the 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s. Avant-garde writers like James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Gertrude Stein, and T. S. Eliot utilized cinema-inspired techniques in some of their most famous literary works, including Ulysses and “The Waste Land.” These techniques are especially salient in light of how much both the First World War and cinema altered societal notions of time, space, and motion.

scholarly journals VIRGINIA WOOLF'S NOVEL “MRS. DALLOWAY”

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-90
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
First World War ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
First World ◽  
The Way

Following work is dedicated to the novel “Mrs.Dalloway”. The main characters are emotionally endowed Dreamer Clarissa Dalloway and humble servant Septimus Warren-Smith, who was a contusion in the first World War described only one day in June, 1923 year. In fact, the novel “Mrs.Dalloway” is the "flow of consciousness" of the protagonists Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Warren – Smith, their Big Ben clock is divided into certain peace with a bang. Virginia Woolf believes that "life" is manifested in the form of consciousness, death and time, she focuses her essays on such issues as the role of a woman in family and society, the role of a woman in the upbringing of children, the way a woman feels about the world, the relationship between a modern man and a woman.

Pan-Islamism in the Malay States and British Reaction (1912-1918)

Akademika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aslah Akmal Azmi ◽  
Ashraf Ahmad Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
First World War ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
The First World War ◽  
To Come ◽  
First World

This article analyses the growing of Pan-Islamism in the Malay States during the First World War. Before the First World War broke out, the British government in the Malay States adopt diplomatic relations with various countries. This policy allows other countries to have economic and social relations with the Malay States. Turkey is one of the countries that have good relations with the British and hence are allowed to have diplomatic relations with the Malay States. Pan-Islamism began to become a problem when a group of young intellectuals in Turkey sparked the idea and movement of a universal Islamic union. As a result, Pan-Islamism has begun to spread across the Malay States. This movement influenced the Muslim community to support the Turkish government on the principle of universal unity of Muslims. Although the British realized that the growing support of Pan-Islamism are able to affect the loyalty of the people in the Malay States against the British but the British can not restrict the entry of Turkish missionaries or traders to come to the Malay States. This is because the British still have good relations with Turkey. As a result, Pan-Islamism continues to grow in the Malay States until the First World War broke out in 1914. As such, this article assesses the extent of the Pan-Islamism impact on the growing of Pan-Islamism in the Malay States during the First World War. This study uses qualitative research methods by examining primary sources such as the Straits Settlements Annual Report documents and the files of the British High Commissioner’s Office. The results prove that Pan-Islamism has been accepted by the people of the Malay States, but the support was brought under control by the British throughout the First World War.

The First World War

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Rabindranath Tagore ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Literature Culture ◽  
First World

Literary and cultural-historical debate about the First World War has focused on whether the conflict inaugurated a new modernity (in Paul Fussell’s terms, a specifically ironic consciousness) or whether it revealed deep continuities, particularly in the area of memorialization. The debate can productively be widened by expanding the scope of critical attention to include, not only English trench poetry, but also the creative production of women, non-combatants, civilians, and writers and artists from Europe and the then British Empire. This enlarged canon, which in this book ranges from the British combatant poets Wilfred Owen and David Jones to the writers and nurses Mary Borden and Enid Bagnold, the civilian novelists H. G. Wells and Virginia Woolf, and the international authors Robert Service, Berta Lask, Claire Studer Goll, Ricarda Huch, Gertrud Kolmar, Anna Akhmatova and Rabindranath Tagore, enables us to rethink the very meanings of terms such as ‘modernity’ and ‘modernism’. Literature itself is illuminated through juxtaposition with film, photography and fine art. Three areas in particular reveal the ways in which literature, culture and the war coalesce in a putative modernity: the unfathomable, intensity and ‘cosmopolitanism’. These emerge via investigation of issues such as shellshock, sacrifice, death, aerial bombing, resistance, empire and race.

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