scholarly journals A New Technology for Smooth Blasting without Detonating Cord for Rock Tunnel Excavation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6764
Author(s):  
Chunde Ma ◽  
Weibin Xie ◽  
Zelin Liu ◽  
Qiyue Li ◽  
Jiaqing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Emulsion Explosive ◽  
Tunnel Face ◽  
Tunnel Excavation ◽  
Rock Tunnel ◽  
Smooth Blasting

In this paper, the aim is to achieve safe, rapid excavation of an extra-long, large-cross-section highway tunnel in Eastern Tianshan, as well as to reduce production costs, simplify production processes, reduce cycle time, and improve production efficiency. In this study, we explored a new technology for smooth blasting without a detonating cord. A series of sympathetic detonation experiments were conducted in the tunnel face to determine critical distances. The critical distance for No. 2 rock emulsion explosive under blasthole constraints was successfully measured to be approximately 1.0–1.1 m. Based on the critical distance, a new charging structure was designed for tunnel excavation. To assess the influence of the new charging structure on blasting performance, its economic benefits, and its feasibility, full-section tests were performed in the East Tianshan Tunnel. The application of the new charging structure produced good smooth blasting results. It not only simplified the charging process and produced smooth blasting without detonating cord in peripheral holes, but also guaranteed normal excavation, an appropriate tunnel profile, and reasonable overbreak and underbreak volumes. This had remarkable economic benefits and possesses better promotional value.

scholarly journals Cognition, Application and Discussion on Shaped Charge Hydraulic Smooth Blasting Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Xiuyong Ni ◽  
Suqin Han ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Xiwu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Tunnel Excavation ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Excavation Process ◽  
New Construction ◽  
China Railway ◽  
Operation Cycle ◽  
Smooth Blasting

In the past, the main method of tunnel excavation in China was drilling and blasting, but the biggest shortcoming of the traditional drilling and blasting method is that it is easy to cause serious overexcavation and underexcavation. At the same time, the operation cycle time of this method is long, which leads to a serious waste of resources. Not only that, a large number of toxic gases and dust produced after blasting also do harm to the health of construction workers. So this is an urgent need for a new construction technology to solve this worldwide problem. In this situation, the leading experts in the field of tunnel, "The survey and design master of China" Shi Yuxin, Liu Pei, and well known expert in explosion field, yan-sheng ding, professor Chen Chengguang and Gu Yicheng, the experts group, cooperate with The Fifth Branch of China Railway 18th Bureau in northwest project management department, developed a new technology. This technology has passed the appraisal of scientific and technological achievements organized by Tianjin Science and Technology Commission, which is shaped hydraulic smooth blasting technology. The comprehensive evaluation of the technology is "international leading" level.This paper is mainly aimed at the drawbacks of drilling and blasting construction,combined with the author's cognition and discussion on the introduction of the new technology of cumulative hydraulic blasting and the practical application effect in the tunnel excavation process of the fourth company of China Railway 14th Bureau Group in the second division of the 9th bid section of Zhangjihuai Railway in Huainan Province.

The Application of Air-Space with Mixed Emulsion Explosive in Open-Pit Mines

2011 ◽  
Vol 84-85 ◽  
pp. 657-661
Author(s):  
Jun Guo ◽  
De Qing Gan ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Guang Fu Rong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Open Pit Mine ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Emulsion Explosive ◽  
Open Pit Mines ◽  
Air Space

Based on applications in different open-pit mine and analysis of economic benefits, the paper describes the mixed emulsion explosive productive technology and the mechanism of air-space blasting, which has great value in reducing the production costs and bringing huge blasting economic benefits.

Research on Plasticity Shaped Technology of Rear Axle Gear of Motorcar

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 2633-2636
Author(s):  
Jin Wei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Rear Axle ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Bevel Gear ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Straight Bevel Gear ◽  
Angle Effect ◽  
Rough Milling ◽  
Material Utilization

Rear axle spiral bevel gear of motorcar, as its special shape structure , alveolar much deeper than straight bevel gear , and has spiral angle effect , therefore, extrusion of rear axle gear than extrusion of straight bevel gear is much more difficult , deal with the problems, have made closed extrusion new technology of rear axle gear , designed new type die structure, die adopt fluctuateing concave model level bisection ， pre-stressed composite concave model structure , concave model and model core floating , parts have no fly side , tooth surface can reach the level of rough milling ,higher production efficiency and life of die , satisfied production requirements. Process test showed that compared with the open die , required extrusion distortion force reduced 50% , increase material utilization 15%, debase electric power consumption 50%, with significant economic benefits .

scholarly journals A Survey of Planning and Adoption of Zero Runoff Systems in Greenhouse Operations

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 608a-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-fei L. Uva ◽  
Thomas C. Weiler
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Increase Production Efficiency ◽  
Investment Size ◽  
Zero Runoff

Adopting technology to achieve environmental stewardship is a high priority among greenhouse industry members. Zero runoff crop production systems can protect surface and ground water and use water, fertilizer, and labor resources more efficiently. However, scarce capital and fear of new technology are impediments to change. Our objectives were to characterize decision making and profitability related to zero runoff systems. Managers of 80 greenhouse operations with zero runoff systems in 26 states participated in a survey designed to gather information on the costs–benefits of adoption and production changes and issues related to zero runoff systems for greenhouse operations. The survey results revealed that some adjustments of production practices were essential when adopting zero runoff systems. It also appeared that greenhouse operators believe they are achieving the intended outcomes and efficiencies from their investment. Size of the operation appeared to be closely linked to the growers' willingness to adopt this new technology. Important reasons for making the decision of adopting zero runoff systems were to improve quality of productions, cut production costs, increase production efficiency, and respond to public concern for the environment. Two thirds of the operators surveyed found that special employee training in the operation of zero runoff systems was required. Most employers found in-house training was adequate for their needs. Operators verified that a significant learning curve slows implementation of zero runoff production Adjustments of cultural practices coupled with good production management were keys to growing zero runoff successfully.

OPTIMAL ANALYSIS OF FARM AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY EQUIPMENT BASED ON MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

2020 ◽  
pp. 333-340
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Constraint Equation ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Modernization ◽  
Actual Equipment ◽  
Optimal Allocations

With the development of science and technology, the degree of agricultural mechanization is getting higher and higher. Agricultural machinery is an important support for the development of agricultural modernization. Optimizing the allocation of agricultural machinery is conducive to improving agricultural production efficiency and economic benefits. In this paper, mathematical modelling method is mainly used in the analysis and optimization of agricultural machinery configuration. By determining the objective function and constraint equation, combined with the actual situation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, the linear programming model and workload model of agricultural machinery and equipment optimization are established. Finally, the actual number of agricultural machinery and equipment and the number of optimal allocations of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps farm were compared. The effectiveness of the optimization model is verified by comparing the optimized agricultural machinery equipment with the actual equipment. The results show that the optimized equipment model has good optimization effect. On the basis of reducing the number of agricultural machinery and equipment, the matching rate of agricultural machinery is improved, and the operation cost of agricultural machinery is effectively reduced. It is hoped that this study can provide certain reference and reference for the optimization analysis of agricultural machinery and equipment based on mathematical modelling.

Predicting the number of fiber roots in lola drafting based on multi-field coupling

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 2769-2781
Author(s):  
Xin rong Li ◽  
LiuBo Wu ◽  
Zhaoning Bu ◽  
Lidong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Change Point ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Weak Effect ◽  
Field Coupling ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
New Type

Pullout theory is very important in improving efficiency, quality, and production costs. Because production efficiency is too low for mechanical drafting equipment, a simple multi-field coupling model of fiber mechanics based on conserving momentum is proposed that considers the distribution of the fiber speed point, slip rate, and friction mechanics. When the roller draft multiple is increased, the position near the rear roller clamp mouth in the draft area will show a sharp decrease of fiber, which is caused by the rapid movement of the front fiber to drive the floating fiber movement, and it is also the existence of the fiber change point. When the roller spacing increases, the draft efficiency decreases, although the pressure applied by the roller to the fibrous strip has a weak effect on the draft efficiency. This research increases our understanding of drawing and provides theoretical support for the design of a new type of drawing.

scholarly journals Supplementing Garlic Nanohydrogel Optimized Growth, Gastrointestinal Integrity and Economics and Ameliorated Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens Using a Clostridium perfringens Challenge Model

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2027
Author(s):  
Doaa Ibrahim ◽  
Tamer Ahmed Ismail ◽  
Eman Khalifa ◽  
Shaimaa A. Abd El-Kader ◽  
Dalia Ibrahim Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intestinal Lesion

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) results in impaired bird growth performance and increased production costs. Nanotechnology application in the poultry industry to control NE outbreaks is still not completely clarified. Therefore, the efficacy of dietary garlic nano-hydrogel (G-NHG) on broilers growth performance, intestinal integrity, economic returns and its potency to alleviate C. perfringens levels using NE challenge model were addressed. A total of 1200 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned into six groups; four supplemented with 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg of G-NHG/kg diet and co-challenged with C. perfringens at 21, 22 and 23 d of age and two control groups fed basal diet with or without C. perfringens challenge. Over the total growing period, the 400 mg/kg G-NHG group had the most improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency regardless of challenge. Parallel with these results, the mRNA expression of genes encoding digestive enzymes (alpha 2A amylase (AMY2A), pancreatic lipase (PNLIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK)) and intestinal barriers (junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2), occludin and mucin-2 (Muc-2)) were increased in groups fed G-NHG at higher levels to be nearly similar to those in the unchallenged group. At 14 d post challenge, real-time PCR results revealed that inclusion of G-NHG led to a dose-dependently decrease in the C. perfringens population, thereby decreasing the birds’ intestinal lesion score and mortality rates. Using 400 mg/kg of G-NHG remarkably ameliorated the adverse effects of NE caused by C. perfringens challenge, which contributed to better growth performance of challenged birds with rational economic benefits.

Cooling Process for Directional Solidification in Directed Energy Deposition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiya Ishiyama ◽  
Ryo Koike ◽  
Yasuhiro Kakinuma ◽  
Tetsuya Suzuki ◽  
Takanori Mori
Keyword(s):  
Directional Solidification ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Special Structure ◽  
Mechanical Stiffness ◽  
Directed Energy Deposition ◽  
Directed Energy

Additive manufacturing (AM) for metals has attracted attention from industry because of its great potential to enhance production efficiency and reduce production costs. Directed energy deposition (DED) is a metal AM process suitable to produce large-scale freeform metal products. DED entails irradiating the baseplate with a laser beam and launching the metal powder onto the molten spot to produce a metal part on the baseplate. Because the process enables powder from different materials to be used, DED is widely applicable to valuable production work such as for a dissimilar material joint, a graded material, or a part with a special structure. With regard to parts with a special structure, directional solidification can prospectively be used in the power plant and aerospace industries because it can enhance the stiffness in a specific direction via only a simple process. However, conventional approaches for directional solidification require a special mold in order to realize a long-lasting thermal gradient in the part. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of thermal distribution in a produced part, DED is able to control the gradient by controlling the position of the molten pool, i.e., the position of the laser spot. Moreover, unlike casting, the thermal gradient can be precisely oriented in the expected direction, because the laser supplies heat energy on the regulated spot. In this study, the applicability of DED to directional solidification in Inconel® 625 is theoretically and experimentally evaluated through metal structure observation and Vickers hardness measurements. Furthermore, the effect of two different cooling processes on directional solidification is also considered with the aim of improving the mechanical stiffness of a part produced by DED. The observations and experimental results show that both the cooling methods (baseplate cooling and intermittent treatment with coolant) are able to enhance the hardness while retaining the anisotropy.

Rent-seeking and firm value: Chinese evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihai Li ◽  
Huiying Wu ◽  
Xinfeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Firm Value ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Corporate Philanthropy ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Government

AbstractWe examine whether engagement in rent-seeking improves firm value in China. Rent-seeking is defined as a firm's use of resources to establish a relationship with the government to obtain government-controlled resources. We incorporate political rents and associated costs into an analytical framework to examine the relationship between rent-seeking and firm value. Using a sample of non-state-owned firms listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2013, we find evidence of the presence of political rents in the form of government subsidies and evidence of associated costs in the forms of corporate philanthropy and excess management remuneration, which largely explains the insignificant relationship found between rent-seeking and firm value. Our further analysis shows that rent-seeking behavior of firms reduces production efficiency, providing additional evidence to support our thesis that engagement in rent-seeking does not enhance firm value in the Chinese context. In an economy with weak institutions, in particular with weak protection for shareholders, managers and politicians can become rent-seekers and take a considerable share of the economic benefits derived from rent-seeking.

The Experimental Study on Grinding Properties of Gas Quenching Steel Slag

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 612-617
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Xing ◽  
Yue Long ◽  
Xiu Li ◽  
Gao Liang Li ◽  
Yu Zhu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Gas Quenching ◽  
Specific Surface Areas ◽  
Better Than

A gas quenching process to deal with steel slag and its characteristics of the new technology was briefly introduced. The grinding characteristics, mineral phases of gas quenching steel slag and the potential economic benefits of using it as cement mixing material was studied by compared to heat-stew steel slag. The results indicated that the specific surface areas (S) and grinding times (t) of the gas quenching steel slag showed a first order exponential decay relationship. With the extension of time, the specific surface areas of heat-stew steel slag was tending to balance earlier than that of gas quenching steel slag; The energy consumption of gas quenching steel slag was much lower than that of heat-stew steel slag. Gas quenching steel slag was comprised of C2S, C3S, a certain amount of (Ca2(Al, Fe)2O5）and RO phase, but the content of RO phase was relatively low, which increased the grindability of the quenching steel slag, so that the grindability of gas quenching steel slag was much better than that of heat-stew steel slag. Gas quenching steel slag prepared for cement addictives would bring great economic benefits.

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