scholarly journals Weather–Growth Responses Show Differing Adaptability of Scots Pine Provenances in the South-Eastern Parts of Baltic Sea Region

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1641
Author(s):  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Diāna Jansone ◽  
Endijs Bāders ◽  
Stefānija Dubra ◽  
Pauls Zeltiņš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Climatic Gradient ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Baltic Sea Region

Local adaptation and plasticity of growth play important roles in the adaptability of trees to changing conditions. Under accelerating climatic changes, the adaptive capacity of metapopulations can be exceeded, implying a necessity for assisted gene flow to sustain the productivity of forests. Such management is knowledge intensive, and information on the responsiveness of metapopulations (provenances) across the climatic gradient can aid more comprehensive projections of their performance. The plasticity of growth responses to weather conditions of five provenances of Scots pine with differing field performance across the climatic gradient of the south-eastern Baltic Sea region was assessed using dendrochronological methods and generalized additive models. Weather conditions related to water availability in summer, as well as during dormancy, were the main regional drivers of an increment in the provenances. The provenances differed by the plasticity of responses according to field performance, indicating adaptation in terms of growth sensitivity and uneven adaptability. The weather–growth responses of the top-performing provenances to summer weather were more plastic, providing advantages under a changing climate. Accordingly, regional sensitivity and plasticity of growth responses could be used for the screening of genotypes best suited for the projected climates. In addition, the estimated growth responses encourage supplementation of the local breeding populations with the top-performing provenances originating from sites with the projected climates.

scholarly journals South-Eastern Baltic Provenances of Scots Pine Show Heritable Weather-Growth Relationships

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1101
Author(s):  
Roberts Matisons ◽  
Volker Schneck ◽  
Diāna Jansone ◽  
Endijs Bāders ◽  
Stefānija Dubra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Forest Reproductive Material ◽  
Eastern Baltic

The productivity of forests has been linked to the sensitivity of tree growth to meteorological conditions and their fluctuations, hence moderation of tree sensitivity is one of the goals for climate-smart forest management. For this, tree breeding is among the most effective means, particularly if breeding populations are supplemented with genotypes (provenances) adapted to the expected climates. Nonetheless, heritability of traits is essential for their improvement by breeding. In this study, heritability of growth sensitivity of south-eastern Baltic provenances of Scots pine differing by field performance to meteorological conditions was assessed combining methods of quantitative genetics and dendrochronology. Five parallel provenance trials within the south-eastern Baltic region were investigated. The effects of regional weather drivers of growth (moisture regime in summer, temperature regime in preceding summer and in the dormancy period) were estimated, yet their strengths differed among the provenances, indicating local specialization of metapopulations of Scots pine. The heritability of growth sensitivity to these factors ranged from low to moderate, similarly as observed for the morphometric traits within the region; however, the provenance (genetic) variation appeared to be higher. The differences in heritability of responses, however, indicated uneven adaptive significance of weather conditions. Although the estimates were based on a limited set of genotypes implying caution in the extrapolation of results, the weather-growth relationships and their heritability indicate that sensitivity of growth is a complementary trait aiding breeding of forest reproductive material best suited for future climates. Heritable weather-growth relationships also imply a high potential for forest breeding to moderate the sensitivity of the trees.

scholarly journals New data on the palaeo–incisions network of the south–eastern Baltic Sea

Baltica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrij Gerok ◽  
Leonora Živilė Gelumbauskaitė ◽  
Tom Flodén ◽  
Algimantas Grigelis ◽  
Albertas Bitinas
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Fracture Systems ◽  
Present Study Area ◽  
Eastern Segment ◽  
The Baltic

The present study area is located within the south–eastern segment of the Baltic Sea framed by 55o30’–56o30’ N and 19o00’–21o15’E. The area is re-visited with the aim to describe in more detail the geologic prerequisite and development of the palaeo–incisions as well as the timing of their subsequent infillings. The channels form distinctive features in the sedimentary bedrock along the outer limits of pre–Weichselian ice sheets, on average reaching depths into the bedrock of 50 m in the nearshore zone of Lithuania to 100 m along the slope to the Gotland depression in the west. The development of palaeo–incisions systems is governed by the easily eroded late Palaeozoic to Mesozoic bedrock of the present area. Only rare ocurrences of channels have been reported from the middle and lower parts of the Palaeozoic further west in the Baltic Sea. The present investigation supports a mechanism that the channels formed below the ice near the ice sheet margin by melt water erosion under high pressure. The channels start at random where a fracture in the ice develops forming outlet of water contained below the central part of the ice sheet. The channels often merge together in the direction of the ice margin, possibly gradually adapting to previous fracture systems in the bedrock. The investigated incisions were infilled prior to the advance of the Weichselian ice sheet and some have been reopened and repeatedly infilled.

Phenology of Migratory Bat Activity Across the Baltic Sea and the South-Eastern North Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Rydell ◽  
Lothar Bach ◽  
Petra Bach ◽  
Laura Guia Diaz ◽  
Joanna Furmankiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Baltic

Evaluating the applicability of predicting dead fine fuel moisture based on the hourly Fine Fuel Moisture Code in the south-eastern Xing’an Mountains of China

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jili Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyang Cui ◽  
Rui Wei ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Xueying Di
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
The South ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Great Xing’An Mountains ◽  
Observation Period

To evaluate the applicability of the hourly Fine Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC) to the south-eastern Great Xing’an Mountains, dead fine fuel moisture (Mf) was observed under less-sheltered and sheltered conditions in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica), larch (Larix gmelinii) and oak (Quercus mongolicus) stands during the summer and autumn of 2014. Standard FFMC and locally calibrated FFMC values calculated hourly were tested using Mf observations and weather data, and the results showed that the Mf loss rate in the less-sheltered forest floor was markedly higher than that in the sheltered forest floor (P < 0.05). The standard hourly FFMC underestimated Mf, especially in stands of larch, the dominant species in the Great Xing’an Mountains, and Mf for rainy days in Scots pine and oak stands. However, the calibrated hourly FFMC predicted Mf in all three forest stands very well (R2 ranged from 0.920 to 0.969; mean absolute errorfrom 2.93 to 6.93, and root-mean-squared errorfrom 4.09 to 7.87), which suggested that it was sufficiently robust for those stands around the observation period. This study will improve the accuracy of Mf predictions to aid fire control efforts in the Great Xing’an Mountains and provide a basis for hourly FFMC model calibration.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing of Coastal Upwelling in the South-Eastern Baltic Sea: Statistical Properties and Implications for the Coastal Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toma Dabuleviciene ◽  
Igor E. Kozlov ◽  
Diana Vaiciute ◽  
Inga Dailidiene
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Curonian Lagoon ◽  
The South ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Eastern Baltic

A detailed study of wind-induced coastal upwelling (CU) in the south-eastern Baltic Sea is presented based on an analysis of multi-mission satellite data. Analysis of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) sea surface temperature (SST) maps acquired between April and September of 2000–2015 allowed for the identification of 69 CU events. The Ekman-based upwelling index (UI) was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the satellite measurements for upwelling detection. It was found that satellite data enable the identification of 87% of UI-based upwelling events during May–August, hence, serving as an effective tool for CU detection in the Baltic Sea under relatively cloud-free summer conditions. It was also shown that upwelling-induced SST drops, and its spatial properties are larger than previously registered. During extreme upwelling events, an SST drop might reach 14 °C, covering a total area of nearly 16,000 km2. The evolution of an upwelling front during such intensive events is accompanied by the generation of transverse filaments extending up to 70 km offshore. An analysis of the satellite optical data shows a clear decline in the chlorophyll-a concentration in the coastal zone and in the shallow Curonian Lagoon, where it drops down by an order of magnitude. It was also shown that a cold upwelling front alters the stratification in the atmospheric boundary layer, leading to a sudden drop of air temperature and near-surface winds.

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