scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Friction Welding Ti-6Al-4V Alloy to Nitinol

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Ateekh Ur Rehman ◽  
Nagumothu Kishore Babu ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Talari ◽  
Yusuf Siraj Usmani ◽  
Hisham Al-Khalefah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Weld Interface ◽  
Dissimilar Joints ◽  
Dissimilar Alloys

In the present study, a friction welding process was adopted to join dissimilar alloys of Ti-Al-4V to Nitinol. The effect of friction welding on the evolution of welded macro and microstructures and their hardnesses and tensile properties were studied and discussed in detail. The macrostructure of Ti-6Al-4V and Nitinol dissimilar joints revealed flash formation on the Ti-6Al-4V side due to a reduction in flow stress at high temperatures during friction welding. The optical microstructures revealed fine grains near the Ti-6Al-4V interface due to dynamic recrystallization and strain hardening effects. In contrast, the area nearer to the nitinol interface did not show any grain refinement. This study reveals that the formation of an intermetallic compound (Ti2Ni) at the weld interface resulted in poor ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation values. All tensile specimens failed at the weld interface due to the formation of intermetallic compounds.

Vibratory weld conditioning during gas tungsten arc welding of al 5052 alloy on the mechanical and micro-structural behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-836
Author(s):  
M. Vykunta Rao ◽  
Srinivasa Rao P. ◽  
B. Surendra Babu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Average Grain Size

Purpose Vibratory weld conditioning parameters have a great influence on the improvement of mechanical properties of weld connections. The purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of vibratory weld conditioning on the mechanical and microstructural characterization of aluminum 5052 alloy weldments. An attempt is made to understand the effect of the vibratory tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process parameters on the hardness, ultimate tensile strength and microstructure of Al 5052-H32 alloy weldments. Design/methodology/approach Aluminum 5052 H32 specimens are welded at different combinations of vibromotor voltage inputs and time of vibrations. Voltage input is varied from 50 to 230 V at an interval of 10 V. At each voltage input to the vibromotor, there are three levels of time of vibration, i.e. 80, 90 and 100 s. The vibratory TIG-welded specimens are tested for their mechanical and microstructural properties. Findings The results indicate that the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy weld connections improved by increasing voltage input up to 160 V. Also, it has been observed that by increasing vibromotor voltage input beyond 160 V, mechanical properties were reduced significantly. It is also found that vibration time has less influence on the mechanical properties of weld connections. Improvement in hardness and ultimate tensile strength of vibratory welded joints is 16 and 14%, respectively, when compared without vibration, i.e. normal weld conditions. Average grain size is measured as per ASTM E 112–96. Average grain size is in the case of 0, 120, 160 and 230 is 20.709, 17.99, 16.57 and 20.8086 µm, respectively. Originality/value Novel vibratory TIG welded joints are prepared. Mechanical and micro-structural properties are tested.

Prediction and optimization of the mechanical properties of dissimilar friction stir welding of aluminum alloys using design of experiments

2016 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
pp. 1384-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Palanivel ◽  
RF Laubscher ◽  
S Vigneshwaran ◽  
I Dinaharan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Friction Stir Welding Process

Friction stir welding is a solid-state welding technique for joining metals such as aluminum alloys quickly and reliably. This article presents a design of experiments approach (central composite face–centered factorial design) for predicting and optimizing the process parameters of dissimilar friction stir welded AA6351–AA5083. Three weld parameters that influence weld quality were considered, namely, tool shoulder profile (flat grooved, partial impeller and full impeller), rotational speed and welding speed. Experimental results detailing the variation of the ultimate tensile strength as a function of the friction stir welding process parameters are presented and analyzed. An empirical model that relates the friction stir welding process parameters and the ultimate tensile strength was obtained by utilizing a design of experiments technique. The models developed were validated by an analysis of variance. In general, the full impeller shoulder profile displayed the best mechanical properties when compared to the other profiles. Electron backscatter diffraction maps were used to correlate the metallurgical properties of the dissimilar joints with the joint mechanical properties as obtained experimentally and subsequently modeled. The optimal friction stir welding process parameters, to maximize ultimate tensile strength, are identified and reported.

Friction Welding of A 6061 Aluminum Alloy and S45C Carbon Steel

2004 ◽  
Vol 449-452 ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Shinoda ◽  
Shiniti Kawata
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Compound Layer ◽  
Weld Interface ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Intermetallic Compound Layer

Many researches for friction welding of aluminum with either carbon steel or stainless steel have been carried out. From those results, it is concluded that the greatest problem is the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds at weld interface. However, it is not clearly demonstrated the effect of friction welding parameters on the formation of intermetallic compounds. This research purposes are to evaluate the formation of intermetallic compounds and to investigate the effect of friction welding parameters on the strength of welded joint. For these purposes, A6061 aluminum alloy and S45C carbon steel were used with a continuous drive vertical friction welding machine. Tensile test results revealed that the maximum tensile strength was achieved at extremely short friction time and high upset. The joint strength reached 92% of the tensile strength of A6061 base metal. Tensile strength of friction welding was increasing with increasing upset pressure when friction time 1sec. However, tensile properties were deteriorated with increasing friction time. It was observed that the amount of formed intermetallic compound was increasing with increasing friction time at weld interface. Partly formed intermetallic compound on weld interface were identified when friction time 1sec. However, intermetallic compound layer were severely developed with longer friction time at weld interface. It was concluded that intermetallic compound layer deteriorated the tensile properties of weld joints.

scholarly journals Effect of welding sequence and welding current on distortion, mechanical properties and metallurgical observations of orbital pipe welding on SS 316L

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (12 (110)) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Agus Widyianto ◽  
Ario Sunar Baskoro ◽  
Gandjar Kiswanto ◽  
Muhamad Fathin Ginanjar Ganeswara
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Welding Sequence ◽  
Pipe Welding

Orbital pipe welding was often used to manufacture piping systems. In orbital pipe welding, a major challenge is the welding torch’s position during the welding process, so that additional methods are needed to overcome these challenges. This paper discusses the influence of welding sequence and welding current on distortion, mechanical properties and metallurgical observations in orbital pipe welding with SS 316L pipe square butt joints. The variation of the orbital pipe welding parameters used is welding current and welding sequence. The welding current used is 100 A, 110 A, and 120 A, while the welding sequence used is one sequence, two sequences, three sequences, and four sequences. The welding results will be analyzed from distortion measurement, mechanical properties test and metallurgical observations. Distortion measurements are made on the pipe before welding and after welding. Testing of mechanical properties includes tensile tests and microhardness tests, while metallurgical observations include macrostructure and microstructural observations. The results show that maximum axial distortion, transverse distortion, ovality, and taper occurred at a welding current of 120 A with four sequences of 445 µm, 300 µm, 195 µm, and 275 µm, respectively. The decrease in ultimate tensile strength is 51 % compared to the base metal’s ultimate tensile strength. Horizontal and vertical microhardness tests show that welding with one sequence produces the greatest microhardness value, but there is a decrease in the microhardness value using welding with two to four sequences. Orbital pipe welding results in different depths of penetration at each pipe position. The largest and smallest depth of penetration was 4.11 mm and 1.60 mm, respectively

scholarly journals Effect of faying surfaces and characterization of aluminium AA6063-steel AISI304L Dissimilar joints fabricated by friction welding with Hemispherical Bowl, and Threaded Faying Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthil Murugan Subramanian ◽  
Sathiya Paulraj ◽  
Noorul Haq Abdul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Weld Interface ◽  
Dissimilar Joints ◽  
Dissimilar Weld ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
Faying Surface ◽  
Rotary Friction Welding

Abstract This work describes the effect of newly introduced faying surfaces on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of dissimilar weld joints of AA6063 and AISI304L alloys that fabricated through the rotary friction welding process (RFW). The experiments were done as six different experimental methods (‘A’ to ‘F’) at 1300 rpm rotation, 18 MPa friction pressure (FP), 24 MPa upset pressure (UP) and 5 sec friction time (FT) with the faying surfaces of hemispherical bowl and thread of 1 mm pitch on the weld specimens. The fabricated joints and the weld zones were characterized by macro and micro-study, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) spectrums, tensile properties, Vickers microhardness, impact toughness and fractography. The results showed that these faying surface modifications strengthen the bonding between the weld specimens and influences the performance of the joints. The hemispherical bowl showed better results than the threaded surfaces. Axial shortenings were within the acceptable limit in the range of 20–27 mm. Macro and microstructural studies showed the defect-free weld joints and the strong bonding between AA6063 and AISI304L alloys. The hemispherical faying surface on AISI304L alloy formed a U-shaped weld interface (WI) in the dissimilar joints. EDS proved the formation of the Fe-Al intermetallic and the element ‘O’ at weld zone. The joint efficiency for all the methods was around ≥ 100%. Maximum tensile strength was recorded as 238 MPa for method ‘F’. The threaded surface showed good hardness property nearby WI and method ‘A’ yielded maximum impact toughness for the joint.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties Of Butt Welded AZ31B Magnesium Alloys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD. S.M. Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Brittle Phase ◽  
Welding Defect

Mechanical properties of friction stir welded (FSWed), double sided arc welded (DSAWed), fiber laser welded (FLWed) and diode laser welded (DLWed) on AZ31B Mg alloy were studied. After welding, grains at the centre became recrystallized. Brittle phase β-Mg₁₇AI₁₂ particles observed at the centre of the joint during fusion welding process. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and fatigue strength were lower in the FDWed samples than in the DSAWed samples. Welding defect at the bottom of the FDWed joint was observed when right hand thread (RHT) weld tool was considered. In FLWed joint, YS, UTS and fatigue strength, with a joint efficiency of ~91% was achieved while the YS, UTS and fatigue strength of the DLWed joints were notably lower. The DSAWed joints and DLWed joints exhibited a higher strain hardening capacity in comparison with the FSWed joints and FLWed joints, respectively.

scholarly journals Correlations between the Surface Topography and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welds

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Hartl ◽  
Fabian Vieltorf ◽  
Michael F. Zaeh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Topographic Analysis ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Friction Stir

Friction stir welding is a modern pressure welding process, which is particularly suitable for aluminum alloys. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the interrelations between the process parameters, such as the welding speed and the tool rotational speed, and the resulting mechanical properties of the joint. This study explored the connections between the surface topography of the welds, such as the flash height and the seam underfill, and their mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength; elongation at break; and Vickers hardness). For this purpose, a total of 54 welding experiments at three different welding speeds were conducted using the aluminum alloy EN AW-6082-T6. The welded specimens were examined using visual inspection, topographic analysis, metallography, hardness measurements, and uniaxial tensile tests. Afterward, a statistical analysis was performed in order to determine the correlation coefficients between the surface topography and the mechanical properties of the welds. The strongest correlations were between the surface topography and the ultimate tensile strength. Thereby, the most pronounced relations were found between the seam underfill as well as the arc texture formation of the weld and its ultimate tensile strength. The interrelations between the surface topography and the elongation at break, as well as the hardness of the welds, were less pronounced. The higher the welding speed became, the less pronounced the interrelations were. The results show the potential of a non-destructive monitoring system based on the topography to support the prediction of the acceptability of welded parts.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties Of Butt Welded AZ31B Magnesium Alloys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD. S.M. Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Brittle Phase ◽  
Welding Defect

Mechanical properties of friction stir welded (FSWed), double sided arc welded (DSAWed), fiber laser welded (FLWed) and diode laser welded (DLWed) on AZ31B Mg alloy were studied. After welding, grains at the centre became recrystallized. Brittle phase β-Mg₁₇AI₁₂ particles observed at the centre of the joint during fusion welding process. The yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and fatigue strength were lower in the FDWed samples than in the DSAWed samples. Welding defect at the bottom of the FDWed joint was observed when right hand thread (RHT) weld tool was considered. In FLWed joint, YS, UTS and fatigue strength, with a joint efficiency of ~91% was achieved while the YS, UTS and fatigue strength of the DLWed joints were notably lower. The DSAWed joints and DLWed joints exhibited a higher strain hardening capacity in comparison with the FSWed joints and FLWed joints, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Substitution of Y with Yb and Ce on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Mg88.5Zn5Y6.5

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Hongxin Liao ◽  
Taekyung Lee ◽  
Jiangfeng Song ◽  
Jonghyun Kim ◽  
Fusheng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Creep Resistance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Thermal Stability ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Microstructures And Mechanical Properties

The microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg88.5Zn5Y6.5-XREX (RE = Yb and Ce, X = 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5) (wt.%) alloys were investigated in the present study. Mg88.5Zn5Y6.5 is composed of three phases, namely, α-Mg, long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases, and intermetallic compounds. The content of the LPSO phases decreased with the addition of Ce and Yb, and no LPSO phases were detected in Mg88.5Zn5Y2.0Yb4.5. The alloys containing the LPSO phases possessed a stratified microstructure and exhibited excellent mechanical properties. Mg88.5Zn5Y5.0Ce1.5 exhibited the highest creep resistance and mechanical strength at both room temperature and 200 °C, owing to its suitable microstructure and high thermal stability. The yield strength of Mg88.5Zn5Y5.0Ce1.5 at room temperature was 358 MPa. The ultimate tensile strength of Mg88.5Zn5Y5.0Ce1.5 at room temperature and 200 °C was 453 MPa and 360 MPa, respectively.

scholarly journals The Effect of Water Concentration in Ethyl Alcohol on the Environmentally Assisted Embrittlement of Austempered Ductile Irons

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Petar Janjatovic ◽  
Olivera Eric Cekic ◽  
Leposava Sidjanin ◽  
Sebastian Balos ◽  
Miroslav Dramicanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Iron Material ◽  
Proof Strength

Austempered ductile iron (ADI) is an advanced cast iron material that has a broad field of application and, among others, it is used in contact and for conveyance of fluids. However, it is noticed that in contact with some fluids, especially water, ADI material becomes brittle. The most significant decrease is established for the elongation. However, the influence of water and the cause of this phenomenon is still not fully understood. For that reason, in this paper, the influence of different water concentrations in ethyl alcohol on the mechanical properties of ADI materials was studied. The test was performed on two different types of ADI materials in 0.2, 4, 10, and 100 vol.% water concentration environments, and in dry condition. It was found that even the smallest concentration of water (0.2 vol.%) causes formation of the embrittled zone at fracture surface. However, not all mechanical properties were affected equally and not all water concentrations have been critical. The highest deterioration was established in the elongation, followed by the ultimate tensile strength, while the proof strength was affected least.

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